Eugenika di Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

[[Eugenika]] merupakan seperangkat keyakinan dan praktik yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas [[genetika]] suatu [[populasi penduduk dunia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=eugenics|title=Eugenics|date=26 September 2010|website=Unified Medical Language System (Psychological Index Terms)|publisher=National Library of Medicine}}</ref><ref name="Galton1904">{{Cite journal|last=Galton, Francis|author-link=Francis Galton|date=July 1904|title=Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, and Aims|url=http://www.mugu.com/galton/essays/1900-1911/galton-1904-am-journ-soc-eugenics-scope-aims.htm|journal=The American Journal of Sociology|volume=X|issue=1|pages=82, 1st paragraph|bibcode=1904Natur..70...82.|doi=10.1038/070082a0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103082723/http://galton.org/essays/1900-1911/galton-1904-am-journ-soc-eugenics-scope-aims.htm|archive-date=3 November 2007|access-date=27 December 2010|quote=Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage.}}</ref> yang memainkan peran penting dalam sejarah dan budaya [[Amerika Serikat]] sebelum keterlibatannya dalam [[Perang Dunia II]].<ref name="SusanCurrell">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=WRL6MbBO024C&pg=PA86&dq=the+eugenics+industry#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Popular eugenics: national efficiency and American mass culture in the 1930s|last=Susan Currell|publisher=Ohio University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8214-1691-4|pages=2–3|access-date=18 July 2011}}</ref>

Eugenika telah dipraktikkan di Amerika Serikat selama bertahun-tahun sebelum program eugenika di Nazi Jerman,<ref>Lombardo, 2011: [https://books.google.com/books?id=FAB-6RzKAQIC&pg=PA1 p. 1].</ref> di mana sebagian besarnya terinspirasi dari karya Amerika sebelumnya.<ref name="Kuhl2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UGYfRv3DWuQC&pg=PA70&dq=eugenics+is+a+forms+of+racism#v=onepage&q=eugenics%20is%20a%20forms%20of%20racism&f=false|title=The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism|last=Kühl, Stefan|date=14 February 2002|isbn=978-0-19-534878-1|page=86}}</ref><ref name="black2003">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Eugenics-and-the-Nazis-the-California-2549771.php|title=Eugenics and the Nazis – the California connection|last=Edwin Black|date=9 November 2003|publisher=''San Francisco Chronicle''|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> Stefan Kühl telah mendokumentasikan konsensus antara kebijakan ras Nazi dan ahli eugenis di negara lainnya, termasuk Amerika Serikat, dan menunjukkan bahwa para eugenis memahami kebijakan dan tindakan Nazi sebagai realisasi dari tujuan dan tuntutan mereka.<ref>[{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UGYfRv3DWuQC&pg=PA36&dq=the+consensus+between+nazi+race+politicians+and+eugenicists+in+other+countries#v=onepage&q=the%20consensus%20between%20nazi%20race%20politicians%20and%20eugenicists%20in%20other%20countries&f=false|title=The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism|last=Kühl, Stefan|date=14 February 2002|isbn=978-0-19-534878-1|page=36}}]</ref>

 

 

== Lihat pula ==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book|author=Bender, Daniel E.|title=American abyss: savagery and civilization in the age of industry|year=2009|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8014-4598-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qpFA2Ea-rdkC}}

* {{cite book|author=Engs, Ruth C.|authorlink=Ruth C. Engs|title=The eugenics movement: an encyclopedia|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-313-32791-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ePEiAQAAIAAJ}}

* {{cite book|author=Kevles, Daniel J.|authorlink=Daniel Kevles|title=In the Name of Eugenics: genetics and the uses of human heredity|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=1986|isbn=978-0-520-05763-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8esnhRxBomMC}}

* {{cite book|author=Kühl, Stefan|title=The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism|publisher=[[Oxford University Press US]]|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-514978-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGYfRv3DWuQC}}

* {{cite book|author=Lombardo, Paul A.|title=A Century of Eugenics in America: From the Indiana Experiment to the Human Genome Era|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-253-22269-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAB-6RzKAQIC}}

* {{cite book|author=McWhorter, Ladelle|title=Racism and sexual oppression in Anglo-America: a genealogy|year=2009|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-22063-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EC5pdKPXIG0C}}

* {{cite journal|author=Selden, Steven|title=Transforming Better Babies into Fitter Families: Archival Resources and the History of the American Eugenics Movement, 1908–1930|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-american-philosophical-society_2005-06_149_2/page/199|work=[[American Philosophical Society]]|volume=149|issue=2|year=2005|pages=199–225}}

* {{cite book|author=Stern, Alexandra|title=Eugenic nation: faults and frontiers of better breeding in modern America|publisher=University of California Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-520-24444-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MB23Zoyl54UC&printsec=frontcover}}

{{refend}}

 

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcR0aqi1SEMC|title=Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South|last=Larson, Edward J.|publisher=JHU Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8018-5511-5}}

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5b6i4f9Yj9AC|title=Hitler's black victims: the historical experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi era|last=Lusane, Clarence|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-415-93295-0|author-link=Clarence Lusane}}

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=it1LHbLKVpkC&printsec=frontcover|title=Birth control politics in the United States, 1916–1945|last=McCann, Carole Ruth|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8014-8612-8}}

* {{Cite news|url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2000/03/the-eugenic-temptation.html|title=The Eugenic Temptation: When ethics lag behind technology|last=Mendelsohn, Everett|date=March–April 2000|work=Harvard Magazine}}

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrKgIIxCHVIC|title=Preaching eugenics: religious leaders and the American eugenics movement|last=Rosen, Christine|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-19-515679-9}}

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0ths5DOgGgC&pg=PA638|title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Education: Health to Hypertension|last=Ross, Loretta|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-415-92089-6|volume=Vol. 2|page=638|chapter=Eugenics: African-American Case Study—Eugenics and Family Planning}}

* {{Cite book|title=Pregnancy and Power: A Short History of Reproductive Politics in America|last=Solinger|first=Rickie|publisher=NYU Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0814798287|location=New York, NY}}

* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XsohRAhoz4C|title=The Eugenic Assault on America: Scenes in Red, White and Black|last=Smith, J. David.|publisher=George Mason University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-913969-53-3}}