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Baris 1:
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = Kampanye Nugini
| partof = [[Perang
| image = [[Berkas:Australian infantry and armour at Buna (AWM 014008).jpg|300px]]
| caption =
| date = 23 Januari 1942 – Agustus 1945
| place = Australia [[
| coordinates =
| map_type =
Baris 20:
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = {{flag|Australia}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Territory of Papua.svg|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Territory of New Guinea.svg|23px}} [[Teritori Nugini|Nugini]]
{{flag|
*{{flagicon|Fiji}} [[Koloni Fiji]]▼
| combatant2 = {{flag|Kekaisaran Jepang}}
|
* {{flagdeco|United States|1912|size=23px}} [[George Kenney]]
* {{flagdeco|United States|1912|size=23px}} [[Robert Eichelberger]]
* {{flagdeco|United States|1912|size=23px}} [[Arthur Carpender]]
* {{flagdeco|United States|1912|size=23px}} [[Daniel Barbey]]
}}
| commander2 = {{Plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Hitoshi Imamura]]
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Tomitarō Horii]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Isoroku Yamamoto]]{{KIA}}
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Jisaburo Ozawa]]
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Jinichi Kusaka]]
* {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Masatomi Kimura]]
}}
| commander3 =
| units1 =
Baris 33 ⟶ 45:
| units3 =
| strength1 =
| strength2 = 350.000<ref name=Tanakaii>Tanaka 1980, p. ii.</ref>
| strength3 =
| casualties1 = 42.000 total<ref>[http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/new-guinea/ng.htm New Guinea: The US Army Campaigns of World War II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221082120/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/new-guinea/ng.htm |date=21 December 2011 }}. 8,500 prior to January 1943, 24,000 between January 1943 and April 1944, and 9,500 from April 1944 to the end of the war. Retrieved 23 July 2015.</ref>
* {{flagicon|AUS}} (sekitar 7.000 tewas)<ref name=Fenton/>
| casualties2 = ▼
* {{flagicon|US|1912}} 12.291 (4.684 tewas)<ref>Statistical and Accounting Branch Office of the Adjutant General 1953, p. 94</ref>
▲| casualties2 = 202.100 total tewas
* 127.600 di pulau utama Nugini<ref name=Fenton/>
* 44.000 di Bougainville<ref name=Fenton/>
* 30.500 di Britania Baru, Irlandia Baru, dan Kepulauan Admiralty<ref name=Fenton>{{cite web |author=Fenton, Damien |date=1 June 2004 |url=http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/AJRP/remember.nsf/709e228818bdf765ca256a9a001dad4d/58ebd6d993e15ce8ca256d05002671fd |title=How many died? |publisher= Australian War Memorial |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Kotak kampanye Perang Pasifik}}{{Kotak Kampanye Nugini}}
}}
[[File:Eastern New Guinea and New Britain 1944.jpg|thumb|306x306px|Papua Nugini, Bismarck, dan Solomon Utara]]
'''Kampanye Nugini''' dalam [[Perang Pasifik]] berlangsung dari Januari 1942 hingga berakhirnya perang pada Agustus 1945. Selama fase awal pada awal tahun 1942, [[Imperium Jepang|Kekaisaran Jepang]] menginvasi [[Teritori Nugini]] pada 23 Januari dan [[Teritori Papua]] pada 21 Juli dan menyerbu wilayah barat Nugini (bagian dari [[Hindia Belanda]]) mulai tanggal 29 Maret. Selama fase kedua, yang berlangsung dari akhir tahun 1942 hingga Jepang menyerah, [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]]—yang sebagian besar terdiri dari pasukan Australia—membersihkan Jepang terlebih dahulu dari Papua, kemudian Nugini, dan akhirnya dari koloni Belanda.
Kampanye ini mengakibatkan kekalahan telak dan kerugian besar bagi Kekaisaran Jepang. Seperti pada sebagian besar kampanye Perang Pasifik, penyakit dan kelaparan merenggut lebih banyak nyawa orang Jepang daripada aksi musuh. Sebagian besar pasukan Jepang bahkan tidak pernah melakukan kontak dengan pasukan Sekutu dan sebaliknya terputus dan menjadi sasaran blokade efektif oleh pasukan angkatan laut Sekutu. Garnisun dikepung dan pengiriman makanan serta pasokan medis ditolak, dan sebagai hasilnya, beberapa peneliti mengklaim bahwa 97% kematian orang Jepang dalam kampanye ini disebabkan oleh penyebab non-pertempuran.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Stevens, David|title=The Naval Campaigns for New Guinea|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j34/stevens.asp#23|journal=Journal of the Australian War Memorial|page=paragraph 30|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> Menurut John Laffin, kampanye ini "bisa dibilang merupakan yang paling sulit yang diperjuangkan oleh pasukan Sekutu mana pun selama Perang Dunia II."<ref>Laffin 1986, p. 303</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 106 ⟶ 122:
|year = 1959
|url = http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/chapter.asp?volume=21
|title =
|series = [[Australia in the War of 1939–1945]]
|location = Canberra
|publisher = [[Australian War Memorial]]
|accessdate = 2006-12-16
|archive-date = 2006-08-27
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060827071847/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/chapter.asp?volume=21
|dead-url = yes
}}
* {{cite book
Baris 129 ⟶ 148:
| last = Nelson
| first = Hank
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| date =
| year =
| month =
| url = http://rspas.anu.edu.au/papers/sources.html
| title = Report on Historical Sources on Australia and Japan at war in Papua and New Guinea, 1942–45
| work =
| pages =
| publisher =
| language =
| accessdate = 2006-12-13
| archive-date = 2012-02-04
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204071901/http://rspas.anu.edu.au/papers/sources.html
| dead-url = yes
}}
* {{cite book
|last =
|first =
|authorlink =
|coauthors =
|date =
|year =
|month =
|url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm
|title = The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific, Volume I
|series = Reports of General MacArthur
|pages =
|publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
|language =
|accessdate = 2006-12-08
|archive-date = 2009-02-12
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181053/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm
|dead-url = yes
}}
* {{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| date =
| year =
| month =
| url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/macarthurv2.htm#contents
| title = Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, Volume II – Part I
| series = Reports of General MacArthur
| pages =
| publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]
| language =
| accessdate = 2006-12-08
| archive-date = 2008-01-25
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080125072601/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V2%20P1/macarthurv2.htm#contents
| dead-url = yes
}} Translation of the official record by the Japanese Demobilization Bureaux detailing the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy's participation in the Southwest Pacific area of the [[Pacific War]].
* {{cite book|title = Papua|first = Charles R.|last = Anderson|url = http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/papua/papua.htm|publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]|id = CMH Pub 72-7|series = World War II Campaign Brochures|location = Washington D.C.|access-date = 2013-12-17|archive-date = 2009-02-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090216064219/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/papua/papua.htm|dead-url = yes}}
* {{cite book|title = Papua|first = Edward J.|last = Drea|url = http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/new-guinea/ng.htm|publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]]|id =
* {{cite encyclopedia |author= |title=New Guinea campaign |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to World War II |editor1=I. C. B. Dear |editor2=M. R. D. Foot |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780198604464}}
* {{cite book|author=Japanese Research Division|publisher=General Headquarters Far East Command, Foreign Histories Division|year=1950|title=Sumatra Invasion and Southwest Area Naval Mopping-Up Operations, January 1942 – May 1942|series=Japanese Monographs, No. 79A|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/Monos/pdfs/JM-79A_SumatraInvasionSWNaval-Jan-May42/JM-79a.htm}}
Baris 187 ⟶ 215:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nugini}}
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1942]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1943]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1944]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1945]]
[[Kategori:Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Perang melibatkan Papua Nugini]]
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