Gerontologi: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Gerontologi''' ([[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]: ''Gerontology'') berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yaitu: ''geros ''yang berarti lanjut usia dan ''logos ''yang berarti ilmu. Maka
secara etimologis gerontologi dapat
didefinisikan sebagai ilmu tentang orang lanjut usia (lansia).<ref>[[Gerontogy]]. Diakses 5 Maret 2015</ref> Kendati terdengar sederhana dan singkat, definisi tersebut memiliki cakupan yang sangat luas karena masalah penuaan dilarbelakangi oleh berbagai faktor dan aspek serta mempengaruhi banyak bidang dan segi kehidupan.<ref>Ibid</ref> Karena itu, para ahli Gerontologi (''Gerontologist'') memiliki latar belakang displin ilmu yang sangat beragam. Mereka adalah para peneliti dan praktisi di bidang biologi, medis, psikologi, kriminologi, sosiologi, ekonomi, antropologi, hukum, sosial politik dan berbagai displin ilmu lainnya.<ref>http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206192643/http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/ |date=2016-12-06 }}. Diakses 5 Maret 2015</ref>
Para ahli Gerontologi menerapkan ilmu dan segenap pengetahuan yang mereka miliki
untuk membantu para lansia menjalani kehidupan yang baik, sejahtera dan bahagia. Mereka mengadakan pelatihan bagi para lansia; mendidik masyarakat umum
untuk turut serta mendorong dan memfasilitasi para lansia tetap aktif dan produktif; Melakukan penyuluhan
tentang cara-cara yang baik untuk merawat para lansia; mengadvokasi terciptanya kebijakan publik yang mengakomodir hak-hak para lansia dan terciptanya hukum yang menjamin perlindungan bagi para lansia.<ref>"BECOME A GERONTOLOGIST", dimuat dalam http://careersinpsychology.org/become-a-gerontologist/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617163912/https://careersinpsychology.org/become-a-gerontologist/ |date=2023-06-17 }} Diakses 5 Maret 2015</ref>
== Sejarah ==
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== Teori Penuaan ==
Ada banyak teori tentang penuaan. Masing-masing teori memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Tidak ada satu teoripun yang diterima oleh semua kalangan dan dijadikan sebagai kebenaran mutlak. Para ilmuan menggunakan pendekatan yang tidak selalu sama dalam usaha mereka menyingkap misteri penuaan. Pendekatan yang berbeda-beda tersebut juga menghasilkan teori yang berbeda bahkan sebagian bertolak belakang. Teori-teori tersebut dapat dibagi dalam 2 kategori: teori Biologi<ref>Konten sub judul ini diterjemahkan dan diringkas dari 1.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995895/; 2. http://www.biologicalgerontology.com/3.http://www.senescence.info/aging_definition.html{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 5 Maret 2015</ref> dan teori Psikososial.<ref>Bagian ini diterjemahkan dan diringkas dari http://study.com/academy/lesson/psychosocial-theories-of-aging-activity-theory-continuity-theory-disengagement-theory.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205111806/https://study.com/academy/lesson/psychosocial-theories-of-aging-activity-theory-continuity-theory-disengagement-theory.html |date=2023-02-05 }} dan http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jar/2012/934649/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529031922/https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jar/2012/934649/ |date=2023-05-29 }}</ref>
=== Teori Biologi ===
Baris 90:
==== Teori Akumulasi ====
Teori akumulasi menerangkan bahwa penuaan diakibatkan oleh penurunan fungsi organ karena adanya penumpukan elemen-elemen pengganggu dalam tubuh. Elemen-elemen tersebut sebagian berasal dari luar dan masuk ke dalam tubuh; sebagian lagi sisa hasil metabolisme sel. Teori akumulasi terbaru dicetuskan oleh Dr. Aubrey de Grey, ahli gerontologi berkebangasaan
==== Teori Radical Bebas (''Free Radical Theory'') ====
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* [http://www.jyu.fi/sport/laitokset/tutkimusyksikot/sgt/en Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary gerontology - FCIG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127053000/http://www.jyu.fi/sport/laitokset/tutkimusyksikot/sgt/en/ |date=2009-01-27 }}
* [http://www.usc.edu/dept/gero/ University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411000140/http://www.usc.edu/dept/gero/ |date=2008-04-11 }}
* [http://www.stopfalls.org Fall Prevention Center of Excellence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611093623/http://stopfalls.org/ |date=2019-06-11 }}
* [http://www.homemods.org National Resource Center on Supportive Housing and Home Modification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712092126/https://homemods.org/ |date=2019-07-12 }}
* [http://www.arclab.org/ Aging Research Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221204110/http://www.arclab.org/ |date=2010-02-21 }}
* [http://www.geron.org/biosection.htm Biogerontologists (Gerontological Society of America)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515002210/http://www.geron.org/biosection.htm |date=2008-05-15 }}
* [http://www.biologicalgerontology.com/ Biogerontology Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427070357/http://www.biologicalgerontology.com/ |date=2006-04-27 }}
* [http://science-library.blogspot.com/search/label/2007 Books on Gerontology published in 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803055911/http://science-library.blogspot.com/search/label/2007 |date=2023-08-03 }}
* [http://www.careersinaging.com/careersinaging/what.html Careers in Aging] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329104121/http://www.careersinaging.com/careersinaging/what.html |date=2010-03-29 }}
* [http://www.ageing.soton.ac.uk Centre for Research on Ageing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222222739/http://www.ageing.soton.ac.uk/ |date=2007-02-22 }}
* {{dmoz|Health/Medicine/Medical_Specialties/Geriatrics/Gerontologists}}
* [http://www.grg.org Gerontology Research Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224094846/http://grg.org/ |date=2011-02-24 }} Site also has the official tables of known supercentenarians.
* [http://www.infogerontologia.com Infogerontologia.com: recursos de gerontologia on-line (spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321051753/http://www.infogerontologia.com/ |date=2019-03-21 }}
* [http://biomed.gerontologyjournals.org/ Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological and Medical Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120170914/http://biomed.gerontologyjournals.org/ |date=2009-01-20 }}
* [http://psychsoc.gerontologyjournals.org/ Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological and Social Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219132116/http://psychsoc.gerontologyjournals.org/ |date=2008-12-19 }}
* [http://minnay.com/products/ Gerontology Students Practice Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108152418/http://minnay.com/products/ |date=2008-01-08 }}
* [http://www.benbest.com/lifeext/aging.html Mechanisms of Aging] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225121710/http://www.benbest.com/lifeext/aging.html |date=2010-02-25 }}
* [http://ouroboros.wordpress.com/ Ouroboros Biomedical Gerontology Research News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118005519/http://ouroboros.wordpress.com/ |date=2010-01-18 }}
* [http://www.circuitblue.com/biogerontology/people.html People in Biogerontology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221154445/http://www.circuitblue.com/biogerontology/people.html |date=2009-02-21 }}
* [http://www.senescence.info/ Senescence.info: An introduction to Biogerontology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105154335/http://www.senescence.info/ |date=2010-01-05 }}
* [http://www.vitaeinstitute.org Vitae Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612050038/http://www.vitaeinstitute.org/ |date=2008-06-12 }} non-profit devoted to biogerontological education and under-funded basic research
* [http://www.iog.wayne.edu Wayne State University Institute of Gerontology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703140702/https://iog.wayne.edu/ |date=2019-07-03 }}
* [http://www.aoa.gov U.S. Administration on Aging] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060602005210/http://www.aoa.gov/ |date=2006-06-02 }}
* [http://www.fli-leibniz.de/index_en.php Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503091301/http://www.fli-leibniz.de/index_en.php |date=2008-05-03 }}
* [http://www.springer.com/life+sci/cell+biology/journal/10522] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128151748/http://www.springer.com/life+sci/cell+biology/journal/10522 |date=2010-01-28 }} Biogerontology
* [http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/ Health and Retirement Study (HRS) website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301080659/http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/ |date=2010-03-01 }}
== Referensi ==
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