Pemerintahan algoritmik: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Pemerintahan algoritmik''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''regulasi algoritmik''', '''tata kelola algoritmik''', '''tata kelola algokratik''', '''tatanan hukum algoritmik''' atau '''algokrasi''') adalah bentuk alternatif dari pemerintahan atau tatanan sosial, dengan memanfaatkan [[algoritme]] komputer, terutama [[kecerdasan buatan]] dan [[blockchain]], yang diterapkan pada peraturan, penegakan hukum, dan umumnya diterapkan dalam setiap aspek kehidupan sehari-hari seperti [[transportasi]] atau pendaftaran tanah.<ref name="karen">{{cite journal |last1=Yeung |first1=Karen |title=Algorithmic regulation: A critical interrogation |journal=Regulation & Governance |date=December 2018 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=505–523 |doi=10.1111/rego.12158}}</ref><ref name=medina>{{cite journal |last1=Medina |first1=Eden |title=Rethinking algorithmic regulation. |journal=Kybernetes |date=2015 |volume=44.6/7 |issue=6/7 |pages=1005–1019 |doi=10.1108/K-02-2015-0052 |url=http://wosc.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Medina-Rethinking-Algorithmic-Regulation.pdf |access-date=2021-11-09 |archive-date=2021-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924182332/http://wosc.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Medina-Rethinking-Algorithmic-Regulation.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Engin">{{cite journal |last1=Engin |first1=Zeynep |last2=Treleaven |first2=Philip |title=Algorithmic Government: Automating Public Services and Supporting Civil Servants in using Data Science Technologies |journal=The Computer Journal|date=March 2019 |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=448–460 |doi=10.1093/comjnl/bxy082|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Katzenbach |first1=Christian |last2=Ulbricht |first2=Lena |title=Algorithmic governance |journal=Internet Policy Review |date=29 November 2019 |volume=8 |issue=4 |doi=10.14763/2019.4.1424 |url=https://policyreview.info/concepts/algorithmic-governance |access-date=19 March 2020 |issn=2197-6775|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=sstandford>{{cite web |last1=School |first1=Stanford Law |title=Government by Algorithm: A Review and an Agenda |url=https://law.stanford.edu/publications/government-by-algorithm-a-review-and-an-agenda/ |website=Stanford Law School |access-date=20 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abril |first1=Rubén Rodríguez |title=DERECOM. Derecho de la Comunicación. - An approach to the algorithmic legal order and to its civil, trade and financial projection |website=www.derecom.com |url=http://www.derecom.com/secciones/articulos-de-fondo/item/398-an-approach-to-the-algorithmic-legal-order-and-to-its-civil-trade-and-financial-projection |access-date=20 May 2020 |language=es-es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rule by Algorithm? Big Data and the Threat of Algocracy |url=https://ieet.org/index.php/IEET2/more/danaher20140107 |access-date=20 May 2020 |work=ieet.org}}</ref><ref name=algocracyblockchain>{{citation |last1=Werbach |first1=Kevin |title=The Siren Song: Algorithmic Governance By Blockchain |date=24 September 2018 |publisher=Social Science Research Network |ssrn=3578610 |language=en}}.</ref> Istilah 'pemerintahan dengan algoritme' muncul dalam literatur akademis sebagai alternatif dari gagasan 'tata kelola algoritmik' pada tahun 2013.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Williamson |first1=Ben |title=Decoding identity: Reprogramming pedagogic identities through algorithmic governance |journal=British Educational Research Association Conference |url=https://www.academia.edu/4477644 |access-date=26 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Istilah yang terkait, regulasi algoritmik didefinisikan sebagai pengaturan standar, pemantauan dan modifikasi perilaku melalui algoritma komputasi, otomatisasi peradilan juga berada dalam ruang lingkup regulasi algoritmik.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hildebrandt |first1=Mireille |title=Algorithmic regulation and the rule of law |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=6 August 2018 |volume=376 |issue=2128 |pages=20170355 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2017.0355|pmid=30082301 |bibcode=2018RSPTA.37670355H |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Pemerintah algoritmik menimbulkan tantangan baru yang tidak muncul dalam literatur pemerintahan elektronik dan praktekpraktik administrasi publik.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Veale |first1=Michael |last2=Brass |first2=Irina |title=Administration by Algorithm? Public Management Meets Public Sector Machine Learning |date=2019 |publisher=Social Science Research Network |ssrn=3375391 |language=en}}</ref> Beberapa sumber menyamakannya dengan siberokrasi, bentuk pemerintahan hipotetis yang mengatur penggunaan informasi secara efektif,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P7745.pdf|title=Cyberocracy, Cyberspace, and Cyberology:Political Effects of the Information Revolution|publisher=RAND Corporation|author=David Ronfeldt|date=1991|access-date=12 Dec 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reprints/2007/RAND_RP222.pdf|title=Cyberocracy is Coming|publisher=RAND Corporation|author=David Ronfeldt|date=1992|access-date=12 Dec 2014}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Ronfeldt |first1=David |last2=Varda |first2=Danielle |title=The Prospects for Cyberocracy (Revisited) |date=1 December 2008 |publisher=Social Science Research Network |ssrn=1325809 |language=en}}.</ref> dengan pemerintahan algoritmik. Namun algoritme sebenarnya bukan satu-satunya cara memproses informasi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Opinion {{!}} Transparency in governance, through cyberocracy |url=https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2019/07/04/transparency-in-governance-through-cyberocracy |website=kathmandupost.com |access-date=25 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hudson |first1=Alex |title='Far more than surveillance' is happening and could change how government is run |url=https://metro.co.uk/2019/08/28/far-more-than-surveillance-is-already-in-place-and-cyberocracy-could-change-how-government-is-run-10637802/ |website=Metro |access-date=25 April 2020 |language=en |date=28 August 2019}}</ref> [[Nello Cristianini]] dan Teresa Scantamburlo berpendapat bahwa kombinasi dari masyarakat manusia dan algoritma regulasi tertentu (seperti penilaian berbasis reputasi) akan mampu membentuk sebuah [[mesin sosial]].<ref name=socialmachine>{{cite journal |last1=Cristianini |first1=Nello |last2=Scantamburlo |first2=Teresa |title=On social machines for algorithmic regulation |journal=AI & Society |date=8 October 2019 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=645–662 |doi=10.1007/s00146-019-00917-8 |arxiv=1904.13316 |bibcode=2019arXiv190413316C |s2cid=140233845 |language=en |issn=1435-5655}}</ref>

* [https://www-cdn.law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ACUS-AI-Report.pdf Government by Algorithm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815021400/https://www-cdn.law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ACUS-AI-Report.pdf |date=2022-08-15 }} by [[Stanford University]]

* [https://motivatingspeech.com/how-blockchain-can-transform-india-jaspreet-bindra/ How Blockchain can transform India: Jaspreet Bindra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628064819/https://motivatingspeech.com/how-blockchain-can-transform-india-jaspreet-bindra/ |date=2021-06-28 }}