Badan Intelijen Pusat: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20211109)) #IABot (v2.0.8.2) (GreenC bot |
Desertasad (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
| (27 revisi perantara oleh 12 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Redirect|CIA}}
{{short description|National intelligence agency of the United States}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Badan Intelijen Pusat{{br}}''{{Nobold|{{Lang|en|Central Intelligence Agency}} (CIA)}}''
| motto = "''The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence.''"<br />Slogan tidak resmi: "''And ye shall know the truth and [[Veritas vos liberabit|the truth shall make you free]]''." ({{
| picture = Aerial view of the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters, Langley, Virginia - Corrected and Cropped.jpg
| picture_width =
Baris 18:
| formed = {{Start date and years ago|1947|9|18}}
| agency_type = [[Independent agencies of the United States government|Lembaga independen]] dari [[Komunitas Intelijen Amerika Serikat]]
| preceding1 = [[Office of Strategic Services]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/history-of-the-cia/index.html |title=History of the CIA |website=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=March 28, 2014 |archive-date=2020-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222180616/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/history-of-the-cia/index.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| jurisdiction =
| headquarters = [[George Bush Center for Intelligence]]<br />[[Langley, Virginia]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
Baris 30:
| chief3_name = [[Courtney Simmons Elwood]]
| chief3_position = Penasihat Umum
| chief4_name = [[Venus Allan]]
| chief4_position = [[Leader Of The Central Intelligence Agency| Leader]]
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
Baris 46 ⟶ 47:
| website = {{url|www.cia.gov}}
}}
'''Badan Intelijen Pusat''' ({{lang-en|Central Intelligence Agency}}, '''CIA''') adalah salah satu [[komunitas intelijen Amerika Serikat#Anggota|badan intelijen]] [[pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat]]. Sebagai lembaga eksekutif, CIA berada di bawah [[Direktur Intelijen Nasional]] ({{Lang-en|[[:en:Director of National Intelligence|Director of National Intelligence]]}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL34231.pdf |title=Director of National Intelligence Statutory Authorities: Status and Proposals |author=Richard A. B, Jr. |work=Congressional Research Service |date=December 11, 2012 |accessdate=September 3, 2012}}</ref>▼
CIA memiliki tiga aktivitas utama, yaitu mengumpulkan informasi seputar pemerintah asing, perusahaan, dan individu; menganalisis informasi tersebut beserta hasil intelijen dari badan intelijen A.S. lainnya untuk menghasilkan [[penilaian intelijen]] [[keamanan nasional]] yang diajukan kepada para [[politikus|pembuat kebijakan]] senior Amerika Serikat; dan melaksanakan atau mengawasi [[operasi tertutup|aktivitas tertutup]] dan beberapa operasi taktis oleh karyawannya sendiri, anggota militer A.S., atau rekan lainnya atas permintaan Presiden Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.howstuffworks.com/cia.htm|author=Caroline Wilbert|title=How the CIA Works|publisher=HowStuffWorks|accessdate=2011-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2011/10/brennan_ctr_report.html |title=Reducing Overclassification Through Accountability |last=Aftergood |first=Steven |publisher=Federation of American Scientists Secrecy News |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=February 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Bob|last=Woodward|authorlink=Bob Woodward|date=November 18, 2001|title=Secret CIA Units Playing Central Combat Role|work=Washington Post|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/CIA18.html|accessdate=February 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-p/paraguay.html | title = World Leaders-Paraguay | publisher = United States Central Intelligence Agency | accessdate = 2011-04-14 | archive-date = 2010-05-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528053421/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-p/paraguay.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4289224.stm|title = Spotlight on US troops in Paraguay|accessdate = 2011-04-18|work=BBC News|first=Charlotte|last=Eimer|date=September 28, 2005}}</ref> Misalnya, CIA bisa memiliki pengaruh politik luar negeri melalui divisi-divisi taktisnya seperti [[Special Activities Division]].<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/oct/23/mainsection.tomphillips|title = Paraguay in a spin about Bush's alleged 100,000 acre hideaway|accessdate = 2011-04-18|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Tom|last=Phillips|date=October 23, 2006}}</ref>▼
▲'''Badan Intelijen Pusat''' ({{lang-en|Central Intelligence Agency}}, '''CIA''') adalah salah satu [[komunitas intelijen Amerika Serikat#Anggota|badan intelijen]] [[pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat]]. Sebagai lembaga eksekutif, CIA berada di bawah [[Director of National Intelligence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL34231.pdf |title=Director of National Intelligence Statutory Authorities: Status and Proposals |author=Richard A. B, Jr. |work=Congressional Research Service |date=December 11, 2012 |accessdate=September 3, 2012}}</ref>
[[George Bush Center for Intelligence|Markas CIA]] terletak di [[Langley, Virginia]], beberapa mil di sebelah barat Washington, D.C.<ref name="CDPmap">[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5148376&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on "McLean CDP, Virginia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430122937/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5148376&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on
▲CIA memiliki tiga aktivitas utama, yaitu mengumpulkan informasi seputar pemerintah asing, perusahaan, dan individu; menganalisis informasi tersebut beserta hasil intelijen dari badan intelijen A.S. lainnya untuk menghasilkan [[penilaian intelijen]] [[keamanan nasional]] yang diajukan kepada para [[politikus|pembuat kebijakan]] senior Amerika Serikat; dan melaksanakan atau mengawasi [[operasi tertutup|aktivitas tertutup]] dan beberapa operasi taktis oleh karyawannya sendiri, anggota militer A.S., atau rekan lainnya atas permintaan Presiden Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.howstuffworks.com/cia.htm|author=Caroline Wilbert|title=How the CIA Works|publisher=HowStuffWorks|accessdate=2011-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2011/10/brennan_ctr_report.html |title=Reducing Overclassification Through Accountability |last=Aftergood |first=Steven |publisher=Federation of American Scientists Secrecy News |date=October 6, 2011 |accessdate=February 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Bob|last=Woodward|authorlink=Bob Woodward|date=November 18, 2001|title=Secret CIA Units Playing Central Combat Role|work=Washington Post|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/CIA18.html|accessdate=February 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-p/paraguay.html | title = World Leaders-Paraguay | publisher = United States Central Intelligence Agency | accessdate = 2011-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4289224.stm|title = Spotlight on US troops in Paraguay|accessdate = 2011-04-18|work=BBC News|first=Charlotte|last=Eimer|date=September 28, 2005}}</ref> Misalnya, CIA bisa memiliki pengaruh politik luar negeri melalui divisi-divisi taktisnya seperti [[Special Activities Division]].<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/oct/23/mainsection.tomphillips|title = Paraguay in a spin about Bush's alleged 100,000 acre hideaway|accessdate = 2011-04-18|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Tom|last=Phillips|date=October 23, 2006}}</ref>
CIA menggantikan [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) yang dibentuk pada [[Perang Dunia II]] untuk mengoordinasikan aktivitas spionase rahasia [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat]] melawan [[kekuatan Poros]]. [[Undang-Undang Keamanan Nasional 1947|National Security Act of 1947]] meresmikan keberadaan CIA dan "menghapus fungsi polisi atau penegakan hukum di dalam maupun luar negeri".<ref name=Kinzer>{{Cite book▼
▲[[George Bush Center for Intelligence|Markas CIA]] terletak di [[Langley, Virginia]], beberapa mil di sebelah barat Washington, D.C.<ref name="CDPmap">[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5148376&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on "McLean CDP, Virginia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430122937/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5148376&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on |date=2011-04-30 }}. [[U.S. Census Bureau]]. Retrieved on September 1, 2009.</ref> Karyawan-karyawannya bekerja di kedutaan A.S. dan sejumlah lokasi lain di seluruh dunia.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20061107055655/http://www.afa.org/magazine/Aug2006/0806presence.asp | title = Presence, not Performance | publisher = United States Airforce Magazine Online | accessdate = April 25, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20061107135112/www.afa.org/magazine/Aug2006/0806presence.pdf | title = PRESENCE, Not Performance | author = Adam J. Hebert | publisher = www.afa.org | accessdate = 2011-04-26}}</ref>
▲CIA menggantikan [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) yang dibentuk pada [[Perang Dunia II]] untuk mengoordinasikan aktivitas spionase rahasia [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat]] melawan [[kekuatan Poros]]. [[National Security Act of 1947]] meresmikan keberadaan CIA dan "menghapus fungsi polisi atau penegakan hukum di dalam maupun luar negeri".<ref name=Kinzer>{{Cite book
|title =All the Shah's men
|first = Stephen
Baris 71:
|year=2007
|title=Legacy of Ashes
|url=https://archive.org/details/legacyofasheshis00wein
|publisher=[[Doubleday (penerbit)|Doubleday]]
|location=
Baris 107 ⟶ 108:
|work=cia.gov
|title=The Creation of the Central Intelligence Group
|first=Michael
|last=Warner |accessdate=2011-09-16
|archive-date=2020-10-17
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017235152/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol39no5/pdf/v39i5a13p.pdf
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref> CIG adalah otoritas interim yang dibentuk atas kewenangan Presiden. Aset-aset SSU, yang sekarang mencakup "nukleus" intelijen rahasia yang baru dilimpahkan ke CIG pada pertengahan 1946 dan dirombak lagi dengan nama Office of Special Operations (OSO).
Baris 115 ⟶ 120:
|url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/burkle/news/article.asp?parentid=78595
|title=The CIA's license to fail
|first=Amy B.
|last=Zegart |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]
|date=September 23, 2007
|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121215042650/http://www.international.ucla.edu/burkle/news/article.asp?parentid=78595
|archiveurl=https://archive.is/B9BJ|archivedate=December 15, 2012}}</ref> Laksamana Muda [[Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter]] ditunjuk sebagai Direktur Central Intelligence pertama. Salah satu operasi rahasia pertama yang berhasil dipimpinnya adalah bantuan bagi Partai [[Demokrat Kristen]] di Italia.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Zh1VtsxRlRAC ''American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920–1949''], Frances Gouda, Thijs Brocades Zaalberg. Amsterdam University Press, 2002. ISBN 90-5356-479-9, ISBN 978-90-5356-479-0. p. 365</ref>▼
|archivedate=2012-12-15
|access-date=2013-08-01
|dead-url=no
▲
[[Berkas:Cia-lobby-seal.jpg|jmpl|250px|Lambang CIA berdiameter {{convert|16|ft|m|0|sing=on}} di lobi Original Headquarters Building.]]
Baris 127 ⟶ 137:
|at=Document 292, Section 5
|accessdate=2008-07-04
|archiveurl=https://archive.
|archivedate=2012-12-14
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>▼
Tahun 1949, [[Central Intelligence Agency Act]] ([[Hukum publik]] 81-110) mengizinkan CIA memakai prosedur fiskal dan administratif rahasia dan mengecualikan lembaganya dari sebagian besar batas pemakaian dana Federal. Peraturan ini juga tidak mewajibkan CIA mengungkap "organisasi, fungsi, pejabat, jabatan, gaji, atau jumlah karyawannya." CIA Act menciptakan program "PL-110" untuk menangani para pembelot dan "orang asing penting" lainnya yang berada di luar prodsedur imigrasi normal, serta memberikan [[penyamaran|kehidupan samaran]] dan bantuan ekonomi kepada mereka.<ref name = "GEORGE">{{cite web
Baris 138 ⟶ 151:
=== Stabilisasi struktur, 1952 ===
DCI waktu itu, [[Walter Bedell Smith]], yang mendapatkan kepercayaan khusus dari Presiden dan pernah menjadi Kepala Staf utama [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] saat Perang Dunia II, menegaskan bahwa CIA{{spaced ndash}}atau sedikitnya satu departemen saja{{spaced ndash}}harus mengatur OPC dan OSO. Organisasi-organisasi tersebut, beserta sejumlah fungsi minornya, mendirikan [[National Clandestine Service|Directorate of Plans]] pada tahun 1952.<ref>{{
Pada tahun yang sama, [[Special Forces (Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat)|Pasukan Khusus Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]] dibentuk dengan misi-misi yang melampaui misi Department of Plans. Secara umum, polanya adalah CIA bisa meminjam sumber daya dari Pasukan Khusus meski sudah punya operator khusus sendiri.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}
Baris 157 ⟶ 170:
Salah satu operasi terbesar yang pernah dilancarkan oleh CIA adalah bantuan untuk [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] di [[Zaïre]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Gibbs |first= David N. |year= 1995 |title= Let Us Forget Unpleasant Memories: The US State Department's Analysis of the Congo Crisis |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1995-03_33_1/page/175 |journal= [[Journal of Modern African Studies]] |volume= 33 |issue= 1 |pages= 175–180 |jstor= 161559 |quote= There seems little doubt that the Congo was targeted by one of the largest covert operations in the history of the CIA, and its significance has been noted repeatedly by former officers, as well as by scholars. Americans in both the CIA station and the embassy directly intervened in Congolese affairs, bribing parliamentarians, setting up special units of the military, and promoting the career of General Mobutu. In addition to any assassination plots, it is well documented that the United States played an important role in two efforts to overthrow Lumumba, both in September 1960. }}</ref>
===
{{See also|Perang Vietnam|Program Phoenix|Operasi Barrel Roll}}
Rombongan Patti dari OSS tiba di [[Vietnam]] menjelang akhir Perang Dunia II. Mereka berinteraksi dengan sejumlah pimpinan faksi Vietnam, termasuk [[Ho Chi Minh]].<ref name=Patti>{{cite book
Baris 168 ⟶ 181:
}}</ref> Meski tim patti meneruskan proposal Ho untuk tahapan kemerdekaan yang rekan transisinya adalah Prancis atau Amerika Serikat, kebijakan [[pengurungan]] yang dijalankan AS menentang pembentukan pemerintahan apapun yang bersifat komunis.<!-- {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} -->
Misi CIA pertama ke [[
Selama periode keterlibatan tempur Amerika Serikat dalam Perang Vietnam, muncul perdebatan seputar kemajuannya di internal Departemen Pertahanan pimpinan [[Robert McNamara]], CIA, dan staf intelijen [[Military Assistance Command, Vietnam|Military Assistance Command Vietnam]].<ref name=Adams1998>{{cite book
Baris 179 ⟶ 192:
=== Penyalahgunaan kewenangan CIA, 1970-an–1990-an ===
Suasana mulai memanas pada pertengahan 1970-an, sekitar periode peristiwa [[skandal Watergate|Watergate]].<!-- {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} --> Hal yang paling mendominasi suasana politik saat itu adalah upaya Kongres untuk mendapatkan hak pengawasan terhadap Presiden Amerika Serikat dan cabang eksekutif pemerintah A.S. Pengungkapan aktivitas lampau CIA, seperti pembunuhan dan usaha pembunuhan pemimpin-pemimpin negara asing (termasuk Fidel Castro dan Rafael Trujillo) dan pengintaian dalam negeri yang ilegal terhadap warga A.S., membuka kesempatan untuk meningkatkan pengawasan Kongres terhadap operasi intelijen A.S.<ref name="'70s 49">{{cite book|title= How We Got Here: The '70s|last= Frum|first= David|authorlink= David Frum|coauthors=|year= 2000|publisher= Basic Books|location= New York, New York|isbn= 0-465-04195-7|page=|pages=49–51|url=
Pamor CIA semakin memburuk setelah insiden perampokan kantor Partai Demokrat di Watergate oleh beberapa mantan agen CIA, serta upaya Presiden [[Richard Nixon]] untuk menghambat investigasinya oleh FBI dengan memanfaatkan CIA.<!-- {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} --> Dalam rekaman utama yang memaksa Presiden Nixon mengundurkan diri, Nixon memerintahkan kepala stafnya, [[H. R. Haldeman]], untuk memberitahu CIA bahwa investigasi lebih lanjut terhadap kasus Watergate akan "''membuka habis-habisan''" Invasi Teluk Babi di Kuba.<ref>{{cite web
Baris 217 ⟶ 230:
CIA sudah lama berurusan dengan terorisme yang berasal dari luar negeri. Pada tahun 1986, CIA mendirikan [[Counterterrorist Center]] untuk menangani masalah ini. Awalnya, CIA mengurus terorisme sekuler, kemudian merambah ke terorisme [[Islamisme|Islamis]] yang pengaruhnya mulai membesar.
Bulan Januari 1996, CIA membuat "stasiun virtual" uji coba bernama [[Bin Laden Issue Station]] yang letaknya di bawah Counterterrorist Center untuk melacak aktivitas-aktivitas Bin Laden. Al-Fadl, yang membelot ke CIA pada musim semi 1996, mulai memberikan informasi terbaru seputar Bin Laden ke stasiun ini. Terungkap bahwa ia bukan sekadar sumber dana teroris, tetapi juga otak di balik serangan teroris. Agen Khusus FBI Dan Coleman (ditugaskan ke Bin Laden Station bersama rekannya, Jack Cloonan) menyebut Bin Laden "[[Batu Rosetta]]"-nya al-Qaeda.<ref>Jane Mayer, [https://archive.
Tahun 1999, kepala CIA George Tenet membuat rencana besar untuk menangani al-Qaeda. Counterterrorist Center, pimpinan barunya [[Cofer Black]], dan [[Bin Laden Issue Station|unit Bin Laden]] menjadi pengembang dan eksekutor rencana tersebut. Setelah disiapkan, Tenet menugaskan kepala intelijen CIA [[Charles E. Allen]] untuk membentuk "sel Qaeda" yang bertujuan mengawasi pelaksanaan taktisnya.<ref>{{cite book|last1= Tenet|first1= George|authorlink1=George Tenet|title=[[At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA]]|last2= Harlow|first2= Bill|year=2007|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=0-06-114778-8|pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=F2nSTwbFAh0C&lpg=PA121&pg=PA119#v=onepage&f=false 119, 120]|oclc= 71163669}}</ref> Pada tahun 2000, CIA dan [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat|USAF]] mengadakan serangkaian penerbangan di Afghanistan menggunakan pesawat pengintai nirawak kecil, [[MQ-1 Predator|Predator]]. Mereka memperoleh foto potensial Bin Laden. Cofer Black dan rekan-rekannya mendukung pemasangan rudal di Predator sebagai upaya pembunuhan Bin Laden dan pemimpin al-Qaeda lainnya. Setelah rapat terorisme oleh Principals Committee setingkat kabinet diadakan pada 4 September 2001, CIA melanjutkan penerbangan mata-matanya menggunakan pesawat nirawak yang telah dilengkapi senjata.
Baris 243 ⟶ 256:
Serangan sekaligus penggeledahan ini mengungkap banyak data intelijen seputar rencana serangan al-Qaeda.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intelligence break led to bin Laden's hide-out|first= Bill|last=Gertz|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/may/2/intelligence-break-led-to-bin-ladens-hide-out/|newspaper=[[The Washington Times]]|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwartz |first1=Mathew J. |date=May 5, 2011 |title=Cracking Bin Laden's Hard Drives |journal=[[InformationWeek]] |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/security/encryption/229402923 |accessdate=August 20, 2011 |archive-date=2011-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813122132/http://www.informationweek.com/news/security/encryption/229402923 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Osama bin Laden dead: CIA paramilitaries and elite Navy SEAL killed Al Qaeda leader|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-02/news/29496213_1_cargo-planes-last-fall-al-qaida-franchise-bin|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=August 19, 2011|archiveurl=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:XIkKZ51vRRkJ:http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-02/news/29496213_1_cargo-planes-last-fall-al-qaida-franchise-bin+cargo%20planes%20last%20fall%20al%20qaida%20franchise&hl=en|archivedate=June 29, 2011}}{{Dead link|date=August 2011}}</ref>
Operasi ini adalah hasil dari kinerja intelijen selama beberapa tahun yang melibatkan penangkapan dan interogasi Khalid Sheikh Mohammad (KSM) oleh CIA, yang berujung pada pengungkapan identitas kurir Bin Laden,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42859770/ns/world_news-death_of_bin_laden/ |title=Counterterrorism chief declares al-Qaida 'in the past' |date=May 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |accessdate=August 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/al-qaeda/8490886/Osama-bin-Laden-dead-trusted-courier-led-US-special-forces-to-hideout.html|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Tim|last=Ross|title=Osama bin Laden dead: trusted courier led US special forces to hideout|date=May 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/05/04/borger.torture.debate/index.html?eref=rss_topstories|work=CNN|title=Debate rages about role of torture|date=May 20, 2011}}</ref> pelacakan kurir tersebut ke rumahnya oleh agen paramiliter [[Special Activities Division]], dan penetapan rumah persembunyian CIA untuk menyediakan intelijen taktis yang kritis demi kelancaran operasi ini.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/asia/03intel.html?src=ISMR_AP_LO_MST_FB|work=[[The New York Times]]|first1=Mark|last1=Mazzetti|first2=Helene|last2=Cooper|first3=Peter|last3=Baker|title=Clues Gradually Led to the Location of Osama bin Laden|date=May 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20060479-503543.html|publisher=[[CBS News]]|title=Pakistan rattled by news of CIA safe house in Abbottabad|date=May 6, 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.
== Struktur organisasi ==
Baris 258 ⟶ 271:
[[Direktur Central Intelligence Agency]] (D/CIA) langsung membawahi [[Director of National Intelligence]] (DNI). Pada praktiknya, ia bekerja sama dengan DNI, Kongres (biasanya melalui [[CIA Office of Congressional Affairs|Office of Congressional Affairs]]), dan [[Gedung Putih]], sedangkan Wakil Direkturnya merupakan eksekutif internal. CIA sering diawasi oleh Kongres, meski Kongres hanya menjalankan tugasnya saja.<!-- {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} -->
Executive Office juga memfasilitasi bantuan CIA kepada [[militer A.S.]] dengan memberikan informasi yang dimilikinya, menerima informasi dari organisasi [[intelijen militer]], dan bekerja sama di lapangan. Dua eksekutif senior mengemban tugas ini, satu untuk CIA dan satu lagi untuk [[National Clandestine Service]]. Associate Director for Military Support, seorang pejabat militer senior, membangun hubungan antara CIA dan [[Unified Combatant Command]], yang menghasilkan intelijen regional/operasional dan memanfaatkan intelijen nasional. Ia dibantu oleh [[Office of Military Affairs]] saat memberikan bantuan kepada semua cabang militer.<ref name = OMA>{{cite web| title = CIA Support to the US Military During the Persian Gulf War| publisher = Central Intelligence Agency| url = https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/gulfwar/061997/support.htm| date = June 16, 1997| access-date = 2013-07-31| archive-date = 2020-11-12| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201112011218/https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/gulfwar/061997/support.htm| dead-url = yes}}</ref>
Di National Clandestine Services, seorang Associate Deputy Director for Operations for Military Affairs<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-of-central-intelligence-as-leaders-of-the-u-s-intelligence-community/glossary.htm |title=CIA Abbreviations and Acronyms |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-02-12 |archive-date=2010-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528104307/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-of-central-intelligence-as-leaders-of-the-u-s-intelligence-community/glossary.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> menangani [[Clandestine HUMINT|intelijen masyarakat rahasia]] (''clandestine HUMINT'') dan aksi tersembunyi tertentu demi membantu berbagai operasi militer.
Baris 302 ⟶ 315:
| url = https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/index.html
| accessdate = 2011-07-01
| archive-date = 2010-05-27
▲}}</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100527150055/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/index.html
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref>
==== Grup regional ====
Baris 323 ⟶ 339:
* Office of Transnational Issues,<ref name="Officeof">{{cite web
| url= https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/oti.html
| title= Office of Transnational Issues
| title =Office of Transnational Issues}}</ref> menilai persepsi ancaman yang sudah ada dan akan datang terhadap keamanan nasional AS dan memberikan analisis, peringatan, dan bantuan krisis kepada para pembuat kebijakan senior, perencana militer, dan penegak hukum.▼
| access-date= 2013-07-31
* CIA Crime and Narcotics Center,<ref name="Crimeand">{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/the-cia-crime-and-narcotics-center.html▼
| archive-date= 2009-04-17
| title = CIA Crime and Narcotics Center}}</ref> mencari informasi seputar kejahatan internasional untuk kepentingan pembuat kebijakan dan penegak hukum. Karena CIA tidak memegang otoritas polisi dalam negeri yang sah, mereka biasanya mengirimkan analisisnya ke FBI dan organisasi penegak hukum lainnya, seperti [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] dan [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms]].▼
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090417083647/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/oti.html
| dead-url= yes
▲
* CIA Crime and Narcotics Center,<ref name="Crimeand">{{cite web
▲
| title = CIA Crime and Narcotics Center
| access-date = 2013-07-31
| archive-date = 2009-04-17
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090417083609/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/the-cia-crime-and-narcotics-center.html
| dead-url = yes
▲
* Weapons Intelligence, [[Kontra-proliferasi|Nonproliferation]], and Arms Control Center,<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/winpac.html
Baris 413 ⟶ 440:
== Pelatihan ==
{{further|CIA University|Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis|Camp Peary|Harvey Point|Warrenton Training Center}}
CIA mendirikan fasilitas pelatihan pertamanya, Office of Training and Education, pada tahun 1950. Setelah [[Perang Dingin]] berakhir, anggaran pelatihan CIA dipotong dan berdampak buruk terhadap kinerja karyawan.<ref name=campus>{{cite news|last=Wendt|first=Jeff|title=A feature interview with Frans Bax, President, CIA University|newspaper=Today's Campus|url=http://www.todayscampus.com/articles/load.aspx?art=1638|access-date=2013-07-30|archive-date=2013-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531065445/http://www.todayscampus.com/articles/load.aspx?art=1638|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=npr>{{cite episode |title=Inside CIA University: Higher Ed for Operatives |series=Morning Edition |serieslink=Morning Edition |credits=Host: [[Mary Louise Kelly]] |network=[[NPR]] |airdate=May 28, 2004 |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1914175}}</ref> Menanggapi pengaruh buruk tersebut, Direktur Central Intelligence [[George Tenet]] mendirikan [[CIA University]] pada tahun 2002.<ref name=campus /><ref name=history>{{cite web |title=History |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=January 23, 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/history.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430083353/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/history.html |archivedate=2013-04-30 |deadurl=no |access-date=2013-07-30 }}</ref> CIA University mengadakan 200 sampai 300 kursus setiap tahunnya, melatih karyawan baru, agen intelijen yang sudah berpengalaman, dan staf pembantu CIA.<ref name=campus /><ref name=npr /> Fasilitas ini bekerja sama dengan [[National Intelligence University]] yang mencakup [[Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis]], komponen Directorate of Intelligence di universitas ini.<ref name=history /><ref name=learning>{{cite web |title=Life in HR: Learning Resources |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=February 12, 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/human-resources/learning-resources.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429131704/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/human-resources/learning-resources.html |archivedate=2013-04-29 |deadurl=no |access-date=2013-07-30 }}</ref><ref name=training>{{cite web |title=Training Resources |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=January 23, 2013 |url=https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/training-resources.html |accessdate=April 3, 2013 |archive-date=2013-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817233140/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/training-resources.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Untuk tahap terakhir pelatihan agen operasi, sedikitnya ada satu tempat latihan rahasia di [[Camp Peary]], dekat [[Williamsburg, Virginia]]. Anggota-anggotanya dipilih dan kemajuan mereka terus dinilai sesuai standar OSS yang diterbitkan di buku ''Assessment of Men, Selection of Personnel for the Office of Strategic Services''.<ref name=AOM>{{Cite book
Baris 424 ⟶ 451:
Pelatihan misi tambahan dilakukan di [[Harvey Point]], [[North Carolina]].<ref name=nyt88>{{cite news|last=Weiner|first=Tim|authorlink=Tim Weiner|title=Is the Explosion-Noisy Base a C.I.A. Spy School? What Base?|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date=March 20, 1998|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/20/world/is-the-explosion-noisy-base-a-cia-spy-school-what-base.html}}</ref>
Fasilitas latihan utama Office of Communications adalah [[Warrenton Training Center]], terletak dekat [[Warrenton, Virginia]]. Fasilitas ini didirikan tahun 1951 dan telah digunakan oleh CIA sejak 1955.<ref name=fasB>{{cite web |last=Pike |first=John |title=Warrenton Station B |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |year=2001 |url=http://www.fas.org/irp/facility/warrenton_b.htm |accessdate=March 18, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605143410/http://www.fas.org/irp/facility/warrenton_b.htm |archivedate=2009-06-05 |deadurl=no }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=CIA-RDP86B00269R000100110003-5 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=October 31, 1954 |url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/5829/CIA-RDP86B00269R000100110003-5.pdf
== Anggaran ==
Baris 516 ⟶ 543:
|year=1991
|title=America's Secret Power: The CIA in a Democratic Society
|url=https://archive.org/details/americassecretpo0000john
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|location=
Baris 662 ⟶ 690:
{{Wikinews category|CIA}}
* [https://www.cia.gov/ CIA official site]
* [http://www.foia.cia.gov/ CIA official Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527211431/http://www.foia.cia.gov/ |date=2010-05-27 }}
* [http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=590 Records of the Central Intelligence Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821105559/http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=590 |date=2013-08-21 }} at the National Archives and Records Administration
* [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/index.html George Washington University National Security Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022214500/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/index.html |date=2008-10-22 }}
* [http://openregs.com/agencies/view/191/central_intelligence_agency Proposed and finalized federal regulations from the Central Intelligence Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430235924/http://openregs.com/agencies/view/191/central_intelligence_agency |date=2011-04-30 }}
* [http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/landscapes/ Landscapes of Secrecy: The CIA and the Contested Record of US Foreign Policy, 1947–2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813043727/http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/landscapes/ |date=2011-08-13 }}
* [http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000947692/DOC_0000947692.pdf Managing and Teaching New Analysts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120064918/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000947692/DOC_0000947692.pdf |date=2013-01-20 }} by Martin Petersen
* [http://thefederalregister.com/b.p/department/CENTRAL_INTELLIGENCE_AGENCY/ Central Intelligence Agency Meeting Notices and Rule Changes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725012629/http://www.thefederalregister.com/b.p/department/CENTRAL_INTELLIGENCE_AGENCY/ |date=2010-07-25 }} from The Federal Register [http://thefederalregister.com/rss/department/CENTRAL_INTELLIGENCE_AGENCY/ RSS Feed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725014658/http://www.thefederalregister.com/rss/department/CENTRAL_INTELLIGENCE_AGENCY/ |date=2010-07-25 }}
* [http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/website-reviews/14700 Review of CIA web resource ''CIA Electronic Reading Room'']
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no3/legacy-of-ashes-the-history-of-cia.html CIA Responds to a Critic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714113531/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no3/legacy-of-ashes-the-history-of-cia.html |date=2020-07-14 }}
{{Navboxes
| |||