Perbukitan Anaimalai: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox mountain
| name= Perbukitan Anaimalai
| photo= Anamalai_Hills_-_panoramio.jpg
| photo_caption=
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| elevation_m= 2695
| coordinates= {{coord|10|12|56.0|N|76|52|39.3|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline}} 10°12'56.0"N 76°52'39.3"E
| coordinates_ref=<ref>
| map=
| map_caption=
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| range_coordinates_ref=
| topo_map= [http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=10.366667&lon=77.125&z=12&l=0&m=t (Terrain)]
| geology= [[Sesar]]{{sfn|Singh, Kumar, & Singh|2006|pp=4-47}}
| orogeny=
| age= [[Senozoikum]]<br />100 hingga 80 [[myr]]
}}
'''Perbukitan Anaimalai
== Etimologi ==
Nama perbukitan ini berasal dari [[bahasa Malayalam]] atau [[bahasa Tamil|Tamil]]{{sfn|Kantor Panitera Umum India|1966|61}}, dua [[Rumpun bahasa Dravida|bahasa Dravida]] yang masih berkerabat. "Anaimalai" sendiri berasal dari gabungan kata ''āna''
{{sfn|Shahnaz|2016|pp=188}} (bahasa Malayalam: ആന) atau ''yāṉai''{{sfn|Ouchterlony|1851|72}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/fabricius_query.py?qs=%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88&searchhws=yes |title= J. P. Fabricius {{!}} Tamil and English Dictionary {{!}} ஆனை āṉai (p. 65) |access-date= 20 November 2021}}</ref> (bahasa Tamil: யானை) yang bermakna 'gajah' dengan ''mala'' (bahasa Malayalam: മല) atau ''malai'' (bahasa Tamil: மலை) yang berarti 'perbukitan, sehingga nama "anaimalai" dapat dimaknai sebagai 'perbukitan gajah'.{{sfn|Parry|2008|pp=25}}
== Geografi ==
[[Berkas:Jambu Malai 2.JPG|jmpl|260px|Puncak Jambu, salah satu titik yang menonjol di Kawasan Perbukitan Anaimalai]]
Puncak [[Anamudi]] (2.695 mdpl) berada di ujung selatan perbukitan ini dan merupakan puncak tertinggi di India Selatan.{{sfn|Parry|2008|pp=25}} Oleh karena itu, Anamudi juga dikenal dengan julukan [[Gunung Everest|Everst]]-nya India Selatan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Netto |first= George N |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/up-the-everest-of-the-south/2017/07/25/1633161.html |title= Up the Everest of the South |website= The New Indian Express |access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref> Perbukitan yang merupakan bagian terselatan dari rangkaian [[Ghat Barat]] ini dipisahkan dari ujung selatan Ghat Barat bagian utara oleh sebuah [[celah pegunungan]] yang dikenal dengan nama [[celah Palakkad]], disebut juga celah Palghat. Ujung utara Perbukitan Anaimalai, khususnya yang berada di wilayah Tamil Nadu saat ini telah menjadi salah satu sentra produksi [[kopi]], [[teh]] (khususnya di sekitaran [[Valparai]]), serta [[Para (pohon)|karet]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Anaimalai-Hills |title=Anaimalai Hills {{!}} mountains, India |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date= 14 November 2021}}</ref> Selain itu, daerah ini pada masa lalu terkenal menghasilkan kayu dalam jumlah yang cukup besar.{{sfn|Zimmer|1905|pp=180}}
Selain wilayah yang sudah disulap menjadi perkebunan, perbukitan ini masih tertutup hutan lebat, khususnya [[hutan tropis dan subtropis basah berdaun lebar]] di wilayah Tamil Nadu serta [[distrik Palakkad]] dan [[Distrik Idukki|Idukki]] di Kerala; dan [[ekosistem montana|hutan ekosistem montana]] di wilayah [[distrik Coimbatore]], Tamil Nadu serta [[distrik Ernakulam]], Kerala. Hutan-hutan di Perbukitan Anaimalai umumnya tertutup pepohonan [[jati]], [[cendana]], [[rumbia]] (sagu), dan [[sonokeling]].<ref name="Britannica"/> Ghat Barat, termasuk di dalamnya Perbukitan Anaimalai dan 38 situs lain yang terpencar-pencar ditetapkan oleh [[UNESCO]] pada tahun 2012 sebagai salah satu [[Situs Warisan Dunia|situs warisan dunia]] dalam sidangnya di Kota [[Sankt-Peterburg|St. Peterburg]], [[Rusia]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=2 Juli 2012 |title=India's Western Ghats given Unesco World Heritage status |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-18669534 |work=BBC |location=London |access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref>
== Keanekaragaman hayati ==
Sesuai dengan namanya, perbukitan ini memiliki populasi [[gajah]] yang cukup besar. Diperkirakan oleh [[Natural Conservation Foundation]] India, ada lebih kurang 100 ekor gajah di wilayah Anaimalai, khususnya di sekitar Valparai. Hal ini menjadikan Anaimalai sebagai daerah nomor dua di India dengan populasi gajah tertinggi.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |url=https://www.ncf-india.org/western-ghats/in-the-elephant-hills |title= Western Ghats {{!}} The Elephant Hills |website= The Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF) |access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Daftar Pustaka ==
=== Buku ===
* {{cite book
| last= Ouchterlony
| first= John
| author-link=
| date= 1851
| title= A Pocket Dictionary of English and Tamil
| url= https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ub5IAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA72&dq=tamil+english+dictionary+elephant&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0rdnij6b0AhXBE4gKHWbmAXQQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=tamil%20english%20dictionary%20elephant&f=false
| location= Madras (Chennai)
| publisher= The Christian Knowledge Society Press
| page= 72
| isbn=
| ref = harv }}
* {{cite book
| last= Parry
| first= James
| author-link=
| date= 2008
| title= Rainforest Safari
| url= https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rainforest_Safari/gShFAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=anaimalai+elephant+mountain&dq=anaimalai+elephant+mountain&printsec=frontcover
| location= London
| publisher= Carlton Books
| page= 25
| isbn= 9781847321244
| ref = harv }}
* {{cite book
| last= Zimmer
| first= George Frederick
| author-link=
| date= 1905
| title= The Mechanical Handling of Material {{!}} Being a Treatise on the Handling of Material Such as Coal, Ore, Timber, &c. by Automatic Or Semi-automatic Machinery, Together with the Various Accessories Used in the Manipulation of Such Plant, Also Dealing Fully with the Handling, Storing and Warehousing of Grain
| url= https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/The_Mechanical_Handling_of_Material/5MdKAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=anaimalai%20elephant%20mountain
| location= London
| publisher= Crosby Lockwood & Son
| page= 180
| isbn= 9781648288159
| ref = harv }}
=== Ensiklopedia ===
* {{cite encyclopedia
| last =
| first =
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| editor-first1 = Dale
| editor-link1 =
| editor-
| editor-
| editor-
| encyclopedia =
| title = Students' Britannica {{!}} India {{!}} Volume 1 {{!}} A to C (Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas to Cypress)
| url = https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Students_Britannica_India_A_to_C_Abd_All/gz5WAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=anaimalai+elephant+mountain&dq=anaimalai+elephant+mountain&printsec=frontcover
| access-date = 14 November 2021
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| publisher = Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd.
| series =
| volume = 1
| location = New Delhi
| id =
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| url-status =
| quote =
| ref = harv }}
===
* {{cite journal
| last =Shahnaz
| first =Habib
| date =2016
| title = A Letter to My Daughter about Palindromes
| trans-title = Sebuah Surat kepada Anakku tentang Palindrome
| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/44074683
| language =English
| journal= Agni
| volume=
| issue = 84
| pages = 188
| doi =
| access-date= 18 November 2021
| ref = harv }}
* {{cite journal
| last1= Singh
| first1= A. P.
| last2= Kumar
| first2= Niraj
| last3= Singh
| first3= B.
| title = Nature of the crust along Kuppam–Palani geotransect (South India) from Gravity studies: Implications for Precambrian continental collision and delamination
| date = Agustus 2006
| journal = Gondwana Research
| location = Amsterdam
| publisher = Grup Elsevier
| volume = 10
| issue = 1-2
| pages = 41-47
| doi = 10.1016/j.gr.2005.11.013
| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1342937X06001006
| access-date= 18 November 2021
| ref = harv }}
===
* {{Cite report
| author = Kantor Panitera Umum India
| author-link =
| authors =
| date = 1966
| title = Census of India, 1961: Madras
| url = https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Census_of_India_1961_Madras/SgQdAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=anaimalai+elephant+mountain&dq=anaimalai+elephant+mountain&printsec=frontcover
| publisher = Manager of Publications
| format =
| others =
| edition =
| location = New Delhi
| chapter =
| section =
| page = 61
| docket =
| access-date = 14 November 2021
| quote =
| ref = harv }}
== Pranala luar ==
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[[Kategori:Kerala]]
[[Kategori:Tamil Nadu]]
[[Kategori:Pegunungan di India]]
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