Gunung Apo: Perbedaan antara revisi

| elevation_ref = <ref name="peaklist">{{cite web|url=http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/philippines.html|title=Philippines Mountain Ultra-Prominence|publisher=peaklist.org|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=2015-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217134056/http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/philippines.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>(06-04-2011). [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/philippines/ "The World Factbook – Philippines"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820022910/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/philippines/ |date=2021-08-20 }}. Central Intelligence Agency. Diakses pada 6 November 2021.</ref>

| last_eruption = Tidak diketahui<ref name="SI">{{cite web|url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=271030|title=Apo|work=[[Global Volcanism Program]]|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=2020-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123020006/http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=271030|dead-url=no}}</ref> (Fumarol, berpotensi aktif)

| easiest_route = Jalur Kidapawan-Magpet<ref>(08-10-2007). [http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/10/mt-apokidapawan-magpet-trail-2956.html "Mt. Apo/Kidapawan-Magpet Trail"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617214149/http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/10/mt-apokidapawan-magpet-trail-2956.html |date=2008-06-17 }}. Pinoy Mountaineer. Diakses pada 6 November 2021.</ref>

'''Gunung Apo''', atau juga dikenal sebagai '''Apo Sandawa''', adalah sebuah [[gunung berapi kerucut]] yang tidak aktif di [[Pulau Mindanao]], [[Filipina]]. Dengan ketinggian {{convert|2954|meter}} di atas permukaan laut, Gunung Apo merupakan gunung tertinggi di Filipina dan gunung pulau tertinggi ke-24 di [[Bumi]]. Gunung ini terletak di antara [[Kota Davao]] dan [[Davao del Sur]] di [[Region Davao]], dan [[Cotabato]] di [[Soccsksargen]]. Puncak gunung ini terletak {{convert|45|km}} di barat daya Davao, {{convert|25|km}} di barat laut [[Kota Digos|Digos]], dan {{convert|20|km}} di timur [[Kota Kidapawan|Kidapawan]]. Gunung Apo termasuk dalam kawasan hutan lindung dan Taman Alam Filipina.<ref name="GovPH-Proc59">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/05/09/proclamation-no-59-s-1936/|title=Proclamation No. 59; Reserving, Setting Apart, and Designating as Mount Apo Natural Park for Park Purposes for the Benefit and Enjoyment of the People of the Philippines the Parcel of Public Domain, Situated in the Municipal District of Kidapawan, Province of Cotabato, and Municipal District of Guianga and Municipality of Santa Cruz, Province of Davao, Island of Mindanao|date=9 Mei 1936|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|location=Malacañan Palace, Manila, Philippines|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=2019-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421141347/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1936/05/09/proclamation-no-59-s-1936/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Nama Apo berasal dari kata ''Apo'', sebuah istilah yang berarti "kakek" atau "tetua".<ref>{{cite web|title=Apo volcano|url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/apo.html|accessdate=5 November 2021|archive-date=2022-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703170154/https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/apo.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gunung ini juga sering disebut ''Kalagan Apo Sandawa'', yang merujuk pada roh gunung. Apo Sandawa juga dianggap sebagai arwah nenek moyang oleh berbagai suku Manobo dan Kalagan yang tinggal di kaki gunung, sehingga gunung ini termasuk tempat yang dikeramatkan. Berbagai ritual untuk Apo Sandawa dilakukan oleh ''waylan'' (dukun) tertinggi yang dikenal sebagai ''diwata'', yang berperan sebagai perantara komunikasi Apo Sandawa dan roh nenek moyang dengan suku Manobo dan Kalagan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tacio |first1=Henrylito D. |title=Mt. Apo: Race to the summit |url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sunstar-davao/20130314/281513633588072 |access-date=6 November 2021 |work=SunStar Davao |date=14 Maret 2013 |archive-date=2019-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204111453/https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sunstar-davao/20130314/281513633588072 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Pada tanggal 9 Mei 1936, Gunung Apo ditetapkan sebagai Taman Nasional melalui Proklamasi No. 59 oleh Presiden [[Manuel L. Quezon]], disusul Proklamasi No. 35 tanggal 8 Mei 1966<ref name="GovPH-Proc35">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1966/05/08/proclamation-no-35-s-1966/|title=Proclamation No. 35; Revoking Proclamation No. 507-A dated December 16, 1965, which Excluded Certain Portions of Land from the Mt. Apo Natural Park and Restoring the Same Areas as Part of the Mt. Apo Natural Park.|date=8 Mei 1966|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|location=Malacañan Palace, Manila, Philippines|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=2021-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106135810/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1966/05/08/proclamation-no-35-s-1966/|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan Proklamasi No. 882 tanggal 24 September 1996.<ref name="GovPH-Proc882">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/09/24/proclamation-no-882-s-1996/|title=Proclamation No. 882; Amending Presidential Proclamation No. 59 dated May 9, 1936 by Declaring Certain Parcels of Land of the Public Domain Covering Mt. Apo Situated in the Municipalities of Kidapawan, Makilala and Magpet in the Province of Cotabato; Bansalan, Digos, Sta. Cruz, in the Province of Davao del Sur and in the City of Davao, Island of Mindanao as Protected Area under the Category of Natural Park|date=24 September 1996|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|location=Malacañan Palace, Manila, Philippines|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=2021-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106135808/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/09/24/proclamation-no-882-s-1996/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>[http://pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71:region-11&catid=69:regions "Protected Areas in Region 11"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320151419/http://pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71:region-11&catid=69:regions |date=20 Maret 2012 }}. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of the Philippines. Diakses pada 6 November 2021.</ref> Pada tanggal 3 Februari, 2004, Undang-Undang Republik No. 9237 menetapkan Gunung Apo sebagai kawasan yang dilindungi dengan kategori Taman Alam dengan luas {{convert|54974.87|ha}}.<ref name="MAFIOrgPH-RA9237">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2004/02/03/republic-act-no-9237/|title=Republic Act No. 9237; An Act Establishing Mount Apo Located in the Municipalities of Magpet and Makilala and City of Kidapawan, Province of Cotabato, in the Municipalities of Bansalan and Sta. Cruz and City of Digos, Province of Davao Del Sur, and in the City of Davao, as a Protected Area Under the Category of Natural Park and Its Peripheral Areas as Buffer Zones, Providing for Its Management, and for Other Purposes|date=3 Februari 2004|website=Mount Apo Foundation, Inc.|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=2022-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201031628/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2004/02/03/republic-act-no-9237/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Pada tahun 1987, National Geographic Society yang berbasis di [[Washington, DC]] di [[Amerika Serikat]], menerbitkan sebuah buku berjudul, "''Our World's Heritage''", di mana Gunung Apo tercatat sebagai 'situs bertaraf warisan dunia'.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 0870446975|title = Our World's Heritage|year = 1987}}</ref> Sampul buku ini juga menampilkan [[elang Filipina]] yang menjadi ikon Gunung Apo, bersama dengan tiga warisan dunia di Filipina lainnya yang telah diakui oleh UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6352394-our-world-s-heritage|title = Our World's Heritage|accessdate=6 November 2021|archive-date=2018-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095711/https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6352394-our-world-s-heritage|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Departemen Lingkungan dan Sumber Daya Alam (DLSDMDLSDA) mengusulkan Gunung Apo pada 12 Desember 2009, untuk dimasukkan dalam daftar warisan dunia UNESCO. Gunung ini dianggap oleh DLSDMDLSDA sebagai surga makhluk endemik khas Mindanao, dengan tingkat keanekaragaman hayati flora dan fauna per satuan luas yang besar. Kawasan gunung ini memiliki tiga jenis hutan yang berbeda, dari hutan hujan tropis dataran rendah, hutan pegunungan menengah, hingga hutan pegunungan tinggi.<ref name="UNESCO-Apo">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5485/|title=Tentative Lists; Mount Apo Natural Park|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311220211/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5485/|archive-date=11 Maret 2011}}</ref>

|source 1 = meteoblue.com<ref name="met_norms">{{cite web

|title=
Climate: Modelled Mount Apo – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table

|publisher=
meteoblue.com

|access-date=
6 November 2021}}</ref>

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Tudaya, yang terletak di dekat kaki Gunung Apo di sisi Davao ([[Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur]]), terdiri dari dua pembangkit yang menyediakan listrik bagi Pulau Mindanao sejak awal 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icshp.org/inshp/detail.asp?rid=2&id=310|title=Work begins on Philippines' 7-MW Tudaya 2 hydroelectric plant|website=ichsp.org|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=2021-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106135809/http://www.icshp.org/inshp/detail.asp?rid=2&id=310|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Sibulan menghasilkan 42,5 MW energi bersih dan terbarukan untuk Davao sejak 2010. Pembangkit ini juga terdiri dari dua pembangkit listrik minihidro yang memanfaatkan aliran sungai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.power-technology.com/projects/sibulan-hydroelectri/|title=Sibulan Hydroelectric Power Project|website=Power Technology {{!}} Energy News and Market Analysis|language=en-GB|access-date=6 November 2021|archive-date=2020-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808234039/https://www.power-technology.com/projects/sibulan-hydroelectri/|dead-url=no}}</ref>