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Geografi Myanmar: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Vedolique (bicara | kontrib)
Peninjau
4.715 suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Kim Nansa (bicara | kontrib)
3.274 suntingan
Fitur saranan suntingan: 3 pranala ditambahkan.
 
(8 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
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{{Country geography||name=Myanmar|map=Burma topo en.jpg|continent=[[Asia]]|region=[[Asia Tenggara]]|coordinates={{coord|22|00|N|98|00|E|type:country|display=inline,title}}|area ranking=40|km area=676578|percent land=96.94|km coastline=1930|borders=Perbatasan darat:<br />{{convert|6522|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br /> [[Bangladesh]]:<br /> {{convert|271|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br />[[Tiongkok]]:<br /> {{convert|2129|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br />[[India]]:<br /> {{convert|1468|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br />[[Laos]]<br /> {{convert|238|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br />[[Thailand]]:<br /> {{convert|2416|km|mi|abbr=on}}|highest point=[[Hkakabo Razi]]<br />5881&nbsp;m (19,294.62&nbsp;ft)|lowest point=[[Laut Andaman]]<br />0&nbsp;m (0&nbsp;ft)<br>([[Permukaan laut]])|longest river=[[Sungai Irrawaddy]]|largest lake=[[Danau Indawgyi]]|exclusive economic zone={{convert|532,775|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}}}
 
'''[[Myanmar]]''' (dulu bernama '''Burma''') adalah negara yang berada di barat laut [[Asia Tenggara]]. Terletak di sepanjang [[Lempeng IndiaEurasia]] dankecuali bagian baratnya yang terletak di [[Lempeng Eurasia|EurasiaIndia]], di sebelah tenggara [[Himalaya]]. Di sebelah baratnya adalah [[Teluk Benggala]] dan di selatannya adalah [[Laut Andaman]]. Berlokasi strategis di dekat jalur pelayaran utama [[Samudra Hindia]]. Berbatasan dengan [[Tiongkok]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Thailand]] dan [[Laos]].
 
== Batas wilayah ==
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[[Sungai Irrawaddy]], sungai utama Myanmar, mengalir dari utara ke selatan melalui Cekungan Myanmar Tengah dan berakhir di sebuah delta yang luas. [[Mekong|Sungai Mekong]] mengalir dari [[Dataran Tinggi Tibet]] melalui provinsi [[Yunnan]] dan Myanmar timur laut ke Laos.
 
Di timur, [[Sungai Salween]] dan Sungai Sittaung mengalir di sepanjang sisi barat Perbukitan Shan dan ujung utara Pegunungan Dawna. Di bagian tenggara Myanmar yang sempit, sungai Ye, Heinze, Dawei (Tavoy), Tenasserim raya (Tanintharyi) dan Lenya relatif pendek dan mengalir ke Laut Andaman. Lebih jauh ke selatan [[Sungai Kraburi]] membentuk perbatasan selatan antara Thailand dan Myanmar.{{sfn|Gupta|2005|p=299}}
 
== Lingkungan ==
Isu lingkungan termasuk [[deforestasi]]; pencemaran industri udara, tanah, dan air; sanitasi yang tidak memadai dan pengolahan air yang berkontribusi terhadap penyakit.
 
Penilaian Daftar Merah Ekosistem IUCN dilakukan untuk Myanmar pada tahun 2020 yang menilai 64 jenis ekosistem terestrial di 10 bioma. Dari 64 tipe ekosistem ini, 1 dipastikan runtuh, 8 dianggap Sangat Terancam Punah, 9 dianggap Terancam Punah, 12 dianggap Rentan, 3 dianggap Hampir Terancam, 14 dianggap Paling Tidak Dikhawatirkan, dan 17 dianggap Kurang Data. 64 tipe ekosistem terestrial termasuk lima sistem pasang surut payau, satu sistem bawah tanah kering, satu danau, lima [[lahan basah]] palustrin, empat sistem hutan pegunungan, dua belas [[sabana]] dan [[padang rumput]], dua sistem garis pantai dua sistem pesisir supralittoral, tujuh sistem boreal sedang hutan dan hutan, dan dua puluh lima hutan tropis dan subtropis.{{sfn|Murray|2020|p=252}}
 
Sebuah analisis penginderaan jauh global baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 3.316 &nbsp;km² dari dataran pasang surut di Myanmar, menjadikannya negara peringkat ke-8 dalam hal daerah datar pasang surut.{{sfn|Murray|2019|p=222–225}}
 
== Lihat pula ==
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== Referensi ==
 
* {{Cite web|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=2021-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210200835/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/|dead-url=no}}
* [{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31961/Arakan-Mountain-Range "|title=Rakhine Mountains"] |website=''Encyclopædia Britannica''|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=2009-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711122059/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/31961/Arakan-Mountain-Range|dead-url=no}}
* {{Citecite web|title=Loi Pangnao (mountain) - Region: Shan State, Myanmar|url=http://wwwwwf.chincipanda.comorg/travelwhat_we_do/paxwhere_we_work/qgreatermekong/1847763discovering_the_greater_mekong/Loi+Pangnaoecoregions/MM/Myanmar/0kayah_karen_tenasserim/ |title=Kayah Karen Tenasserim Ecoregion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2012042316523420110326171548/http://wwwwwf.chincipanda.comorg/travelwhat_we_do/paxwhere_we_work/qgreatermekong/1847763discovering_the_greater_mekong/Loi+Pangnaoecoregions/MM/Myanmar/0kayah_karen_tenasserim/ |archive-date=2326 AprilMaret 20122011|access-dateaccessdate=24 NovemberNovembe 2021|url-status=dead}}
* {{WWF ecoregion|id=im0163|name=Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests|access-date=|accessdate=24 November 2021}}▼
* [http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/greatermekong/discovering_the_greater_mekong/ecoregions/kayah_karen_tenasserim/ Kayah Karen Tenasserim Ecoregion] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326171548/http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/greatermekong/discovering_the_greater_mekong/ecoregions/kayah_karen_tenasserim/|date=26 March 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.geographia.com/myanmar/|title=An Introduction to Burma (Myanmar)|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=2011-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807212438/http://www.geographia.com/myanmar/|dead-url=no}}
▲* {{WWF ecoregion|id=im0163|name=Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests}}
* {{Cite book|last=editor.Gupta|first=Gupta, Avijit,|year=2005|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1222774759|title=The physical geography of Southeast Asia|isbn=978-0-19-191753-0|oclc=1222774759|access-date=24 November 2021}}▼
* [http://www.geographia.com/myanmar/ An Introduction to Burma (Myanmar)]
* {{cite book|last=Stokke, |frst=Kristian; Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (|year=2018) [|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323018961 |title=Myanmar: A Political Economy Analysis.] |publish=Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). Report commissioned by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=24 November 2021|archive-date=2020-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728150758/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323018961_Myanmar_A_Political_Economy_Analysis|dead-url=no}}▼
▲* {{Cite book|last=editor.|first=Gupta, Avijit,|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1222774759|title=The physical geography of Southeast Asia|isbn=978-0-19-191753-0|oclc=1222774759}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=Nicholas J.|last2=Keith|first2=David A.|last3=Duncan|first3=Adam|last4=Tizard|first4=Robert|last5=Ferrer-Paris|first5=Jose R.|last6=Worthington|first6=Thomas A.|last7=Armstrong|first7=Kate|last8=Hlaing|first8=Nyan|last9=Htut|first9=Win Thuya|year=2020|title=Myanmar's terrestrial ecosystems: Status, threats and conservation opportunities|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720308922|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=252|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108834|last10=Oo|first10=Kyaw Zay|last11=Grantham|first11=Hedley|access-date=24 November 2021}}
▲* Stokke, Kristian; Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2018) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323018961 Myanmar: A Political Economy Analysis.] Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). Report commissioned by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
* {{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=Nicholas N.J.|last2=KeithPhinn|first2=David AS.R.|last3=DuncanDeWitt|first3=AdamM.|last4=TizardFerrari|first4=RobertR.|last5=Ferrer-ParisJohnston|first5=Jose R.|last6=WorthingtonLyons|first6=Thomas AM.B.|last7=ArmstrongClinton|first7=KateN.|last8=HlaingThau|first8=NyanD.|last9=HtutFuller|first9=Win ThuyaR.A.|dateyear=20202019|title=Myanmar'sThe terrestrialglobal ecosystems:distribution Status,and threatstrajectory andof conservationtidal opportunitiesflats|url=https://www.sciencedirectnature.com/sciencearticles/article/pii/S0006320720308922s41586-018-0805-8|journal=Biological ConservationNature|volume=252565|pages=222-225|doi=10.10161038/j.biocon.2020.108834s41586-018-0805-8|last10access-date=Oo24 November 2021|first10archive-date=Kyaw Zay2021-11-24|last11archive-url=Granthamhttps://web.archive.org/web/20211124213205/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8|first11dead-url=Hedleyno}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=N.J.|last2=Phinn|first2=S.R.|last3=DeWitt|first3=M.|last4=Ferrari|first4=R.|last5=Johnston|first5=R.|last6=Lyons|first6=M.B.|last7=Clinton|first7=N.|last8=Thau|first8=D.|last9=Fuller|first9=R.A.|date=2019|title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8|journal=Nature|volume=565|pages=222-225|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
 
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20170305113754/http://marine.myanmarbiodiversity.org/ MyanmarAtlas MarineOnline BiodiversityKeanekaragaman AtlasHayati OnlineLaut Myanmar]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110825154200/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/Burma.pdf Ramsar - BurmaMyanmar]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207053642/http://www.rothwell.force9.co.uk/burmaweb/geography.htm Burma -Geografi GeographyMyanmar]
* {{en}} [http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA487552 TheGeologi GeologyMyanmar] of{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913134256/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA487552 Burma|date=2012-09-13 (Myanmar)]}}
{{Geografi Asia}}
 
[[Kategori:Myanmar]]
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