Opel Optima: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 3:
|aka = Opel Optima (Indonesia)
|image =
[[File:Opel Astra Stufenheck 1.6 Edition (J, Facelift) – Frontansicht, 10. März 2013, Velbert.jpg|300px]]
|manufacturer = [[Opel]]
|production = 1991–sekarang {{br}} 1995-1999 (Indonesia)
Baris 10 ⟶ 11:
|layout = [[Mesin depan]], [[penggerak roda depan]]
}}
'''Opel Astra''' atau dikenal juga di Indonesia dengan '''Opel Optima''' merupakan kendaraan [[sedan]] yang diproduksi oleh perusahaan [[Jerman]], [[Opel]] sejak tahun [[1991]] untuk pasaran Eropa. Opel Astra pertama kali diluncurkan tahun [[1991]] dengan kendaraan 5 pintu. Mobil ini dirakit di [[Russelsheim]], [[Jerman]] dan [[Gliwice]], [[Polandia]].
==Konferensi penamaan==
Merek Astra berasal dari [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]], yang telah memproduksi dan memasarkan [[Opel Kadett]] generasi sebelumnya (Kadett D (1979–1984) dan Kadett E (1984–1991)) sebagai Vauxhall Astra. Kebijakan [[GM Europe]] selanjutnya menstandarkan nomenklatur model pada awal 1990-an, di mana nama model sama di semua pasar terlepas dari marque tempat mereka dijual.
Hingga tahun 2021, sudah ada enam generasi Astra (atau sebelas generasi keluarga Kadett/Astra secara keseluruhan). Dengan gaya khas Opel, mereka ditandai dengan huruf [[alfabet Latin]] berikutnya. Konvensi resmi Opel adalah bahwa Astra adalah kelanjutan logis dari garis keturunan Kadett, jadi generasi pertama Opel Astra sebagai Astra F ([[Opel Kadett]] terakhir adalah Kadett E). Konvensi biasa akan dimulai dengan Astra A, jika Astra dianggap sebagai model terpisah. Model yang dijual sebagai Vauxhall, [[Holden]], atau [[Chevrolet]] memiliki sebutan generasi berbeda yang mencerminkan sejarah papan nama tersebut di pasar asal dan konvensi penamaannya.
=={{Anchor|F|Astra F|1992|1992}}Astra F (T92; 1992)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Astra F (T92)
| image = 1994 Opel Astra 1.6i.jpg
| aka = {{unbulleted list
| [[Vauxhall Astra]] (Britania Raya)
| [[Holden Astra]] (Australia dan Selandia Baru)
| Chevrolet Astra
| Opel Optima (Indonesia)
| [[Opel Kadett]] (Afrika Selatan)
}}
| production = 1992–1998 (Opel, hingga 2002 untuk Turki dan Eropa Timur)<!--1998 is correct; still produced in parts of Europe until then-->
| assembly = Belgia: [[Antwerp]]<br />Jerman: [[Bochum]]<br />Jerman: [[Eisenach]]<br />Britania Raya: [[Ellesmere Port]] ([[Vauxhall Ellesmere Port]])<br />Hungaria: [[Szentgotthárd]]<br />India: [[Halol]] ([[Opel India Private Limited|OIPL]])<br />Indonesia: [[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]] ({{abbr|GMBI|General Motors Buana Indonesia}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=GM Bakal Buka Lagi Pabrik Perakitan di Pondok Ungu |url=https://oto.detik.com/berita/d-1063366/gm-bakal-buka-lagi-pabrik-perakitan-di-pondok-ungu |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=detikoto |language=id-ID}}</ref><br />Italia: [[Grugliasco]] ([[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]])<br />Polandia: [[Gliwice]]<br />Afrika Selatan: [[Port Elizabeth]] ([[Delta Motor Corporation|Delta Motor]])<br />Taiwan: [[Xinzhuang District]] ([[Chinese Automobile Co., Ltd.|CAC]])<br />Thailand: [[Rayong]] ([[General Motors Thailand|GM Thailand]])
| body_style = 3 dan 5-pintu [[hatchback]]<br />4-pintu [[Sedan]]<br />5-pintu [[Station wagon|wagon / estate]]<br />2-pintu [[Konvertibel]]<br />3-pintu [[sedan deliveri]] (panel van)
| platform = [[GM T platform (FWD)|T-body platform]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list|'''[[mesin bensin|Bensin]]:'''|1.4 L ''[[Family 1 engine|Family 1]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]| 1.6 L ''[[Family 1 engine|Family 1]]'' I4| 1.8 L ''[[Family II engine|Family II]]'' I4|2.0 L ''[[Family II engine|Family II]]'' I4| 2.0 L ''[[Family II engine|Family II]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I4 ({{abbr|ZA|South Africa}})|'''[[mesin diesel|Diesel]]:'''|1.7 L ''[[Family II engine|Family II]]'' I4| 1.7 L ''[[List of Isuzu engines#Isuzu E engine|Isuzu 4EE1]]'' I4}}
| transmission = 5-percepatan [[Transmisi Manual|manual]]<br />6-percepatan manual<br />4-percepatan [[Transmisi Otomatis|otomatis]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|2517|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = Hatch: {{convert|4050|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Sedan: {{convert|4239|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Wagon: {{convert|4278|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Konvertibel: {{convert|4239|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1696|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1410|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}
== {{Anchor|G|Astra G}}{{Anchor|F|Astra F|1992|1992}}Astra G (T98; 1998) ==
{{Infobox automobile|name=Astra G (T98)|image=Opel Astra 1.6 Selection (G) – Frontansicht, 21. Juni 2011, Heiligenhaus.jpg|aka={{unbulleted list
| Vauxhall Astra (Britania Raya)
| Holden Astra (Australia dan Selandia Baru)
| Chevrolet Astra
| Chevrolet Viva (Rusia)
}}|production=1998–2004 (Opel)<!--2009 is correct; still produced in parts of Europe until then--><br />1998–2011 (Chevrolet)
<br />September 1999 – Mei 2004 (Irlandia)|assembly=Belgium: [[Antwerp]]<br />Brazil: [[São Caetano do Sul]] ([[General Motors do Brasil|GM do Brasil]])<br />Mesir: [[6th of October City]] ([[General Motors Egypt|GME]])<br />Jerman: [[Bochum]]<br />Italia: [[Grugliasco]] ([[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://car-cat.com/firm-674.html |title=Opel. Opel In Italy |publisher=Car-cat.com |access-date=2 October 2010}}</ref><br />Polandia: [[Gliwice]]<br />Rusia: [[Tolyatti]] ([[GM-AvtoVAZ]])<br />Afrika Selatan: [[Port Elizabeth]] ([[Delta Motor Corporation|Delta Motor]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://car-cat.com/firm-1388.html |title=Opel. Opel In South Africa |publisher=Car-cat.com |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708120404/http://car-cat.com/firm-1388.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />Ukraina: [[Zaporizhzhia]] ([[AvtoZAZ]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ukravto.ua/en/about_us/history |title=History |website=ukravto.ua |publisher=Ukrainian Motor Corporation |access-date=25 December 2015 |quote=2004 Opel Astra Classic motor car was put into serial production. UkrAVTO Corporation initiated Capital (Stolychne) Autoshow annual project.}}</ref><br />Britania Raya: [[Ellesmere Port]]|designer={{unbulleted list
|[[Hans Seer]]}}|class=[[mobil kecil keluarga]] ([[segmen C|C]])|body_style=3/5-pintu [[hatchback]]<br />4-pintu [[sedan]]<br />5-pintu [[station wagon]]<br />2-pintu [[Kabriolet]]<br />2-pintu [[coupé]]<br />3-pintu [[sedan niaga|mobil niaga]]|platform=[[GM T platform (FWD)|T-body platform]]|related=[[Opel Zafira|Opel Zafira A]]|engine={{ubl|'''[[mesin bensin|Bensin]]:'''|1.2 L ''[[X12XE]]'' [[mesin 4 silinder segaris|I4]]|1.2 L ''[[Z12XE]]'' I4|1.4 L ''[[X14XE]]'' I4|1.4 L ''[[Z14XE]]'' I4|1.6 L ''[[X16SZR]]'' I4|1.6 L ''[[Z16SE]]'' I4|1.6 L ''[[X16XEL]]'' DOHC I4|1.6 L ''[[Z16XE]]'' DOHC I4|1.8 L ''[[X18XE1]]'' I4|1.8 L ''[[Z18XE]]'' I4 |2.0 L ''[[X20XEV]]/[[X20XER]]'' I4|2.0 L ''[[Z20LET]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I4|2.2 L ''[[Z22SE]]'' I4|2.4 L ''[[GM Family II engine#X24SFD|X24SFD]]'' I4 ''(hanya Chevrolet Astra)''|'''[[Mesin diesel|Diesel]]:'''|1.7 L TD 8V I4|1.7 L DTi 16V I4|1.7 CDTi I4|2.0 L Di 16V I4|2.0 L DTi 16V I4|2.2 L DTi 16V I4|'''[[Natural gas vehicle|CNG]]:'''|1.6 L 16V Z16YNG}}|transmission=5-percepatan [[transmisi manual|manual]]<br />4-percepatan [[transmisi otomatis|otomatis]]<br />5-percepatan otomatis|wheelbase={{convert|2606|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Wagon: {{convert|2611|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|length=Hatch: {{convert|4110|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Sedan: {{convert|4252|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Station wagon: {{convert|4288|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Kabriolet: {{convert|4267|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|width={{convert|1709|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|height={{convert|1425|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />Kabriolet: {{convert|1390|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|model_code=T98|caption=Opel Astra G Hatchback 5-pintu (pembaharuan; depan)|layout=GM T platform|model_years=1998-2004 (Opel)<br />1999-2005 (Holden)<br />1998-2011 (Chevrolet)}}
Second generation (1998) [Astra G; T98]
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 19 ⟶ 59:
* [http://www.opel.co.za/vehicles/opel-range/cars/astra-ng/index.html Official Astra website (South Africa)]
* [http://www.worldcarfans.com/news.cfm/newsID/2060321.004/page/9/lang/eng/country/gcf/opel/ Glossary of Technology and Innovations pertaining to the Astra TwinTop]
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[[Kategori:Kendaraan Opel]]
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