In God We Trust: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
{{penjelasan singkat|Semboyan resmi Amerika Serikat dan Florida}}
{{akan dikerjakan|Hanamanteo}}
{{untuk|album kelompok Stryper|In God We Trust (album)}}
[[Berkas:1in_god_we_trust.jpg|thumb|CapitalizedTulisan "{{sc|IN GOD WE TRUST}}" ondalam thehuruf reversekapital ofdi amuka [[Unitedbelakang Statesuang twenty-dollar bill]]|243x243px|alt="IN GOD WE TRUST" as it appears on the reverse of akertas [[UnitedDolar StatesAmerika twenty-dollar bill]], above the [[White HouseSerikat|AS$]]20|243x243px]]
"'''In God We Trust'''" (kadangkala ditulis "'''In God we trust'''", {{lang-id|Kepada Tuhan KitaKami YakinPercaya}}) adalah [[semboyan nasional Amerika Serikat|semboyan resmi]] [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|title=H. CON. RES. 13|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-112hconres13rh/pdf/BILLS-112hconres13rh.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512223059/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-112hconres13rh/pdf/BILLS-112hconres13rh.pdf|archive-date=2019-05-12|access-date=2019-05-13|website=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]|quote=Reaffirming ''In God We Trust'' as the official motto of the United States}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Title 36 – Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2017-title36/html/USCODE-2017-title36.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512135913/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2017-title36/html/USCODE-2017-title36.htm|archive-date=2019-05-12|access-date=2019-05-12|website=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]|quote=§302. National motto "In God we trust" is the national motto.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=36 U.S. Code § 302. National motto|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/36/302|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207221852/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/36/302|archive-date=2019-02-07|access-date=2019-05-12|website=[[Legal Information Institute]]|quote="In God we trust" is the national motto.}}</ref><ref name="auto22">{{cite web|title=Florida State Motto In God We Trust|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/fl_motto.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614202208/http://www.netstate.com/states/mottoes/fl_motto.htm|archive-date=2017-06-14|access-date=2018-02-24|website=www.netstate.com}}</ref><ref name="myflorida.com22">{{cite web|title=State Motto|url=http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-state-symbols/state-motto/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216211708/http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-state-symbols/state-motto/|archive-date=2018-02-16|access-date=2018-02-24|website=[[Florida Department of State]]}}</ref> Semboyan ini diadopsi oleh [[Kongres Amerika Serikat]] pada 1956 dan menggantikan {{lang|la|[[E pluribus unum]]}} yang telah menjadi semboyan ''[[de facto]]'' sejak rancangan awal [[Segel Agung Amerika Serikat]] pada tahun 1776.<ref name="RSAL22">{{cite book|last1=Bittker|first1=Boris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pduCCgAAQBAJ&q=%22e+pluribus+unum%22+1776+motto&pg=PA136|title=Religion and the State in American Law|last2=Idleman|first2=Scott|last3=Ravitch|first3=Frank|date=2015|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9781107071827|page=136|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
 
Sementara penggunaan paling awal dari frasa ini dapat dilacak hingga pertengahan abad ke-19, asal-usul frasa ini sebagai semboyan politik digunakan semasa Perang Saudara Amerika, ketika para pendukung [[Negara Utara]] ingin menekankan keterikatan mereka kepada Tuhan dan meningkatkan moral.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Lienesch|first=Michael|date=May 2019|title="In God We Trust:" The U.S. National Motto and the Contested Concept of Civil Religion|journal=Religions|language=en|volume=10|issue=5|pages=340|doi=10.3390/rel10050340|doi-access=free}}</ref> Frasa yang ditulis dalam huruf kapital "IN GOD WE TRUST" pertama kali tertulis di [[2 sen (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|uang logam 2 sen]] pada tahun 1864,<ref name="USTreasury22">{{cite web|date=2011|title=History of 'In God We Trust'|url=https://www.treasury.gov/about/education/Pages/in-god-we-trust.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417102334/https://www.treasury.gov/about/education/Pages/in-god-we-trust.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-17|access-date=2017-03-14|website=[[U.S. Department of the Treasury]]|language=en-us}}</ref> [[Federal Reserve Note|uang kertas]] sejak tahun 1957, dan beberapa prangko sejak tahun 1954. Undang-undang mengenai ini disahkan pada bulan Juli 1955 oleh [[resolusi bersama]] [[Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-84|Kongres ke-84]] ({{uspl|84|140}}) dan disetujui Presiden [[Dwight Eisenhower]] mensyaratkan bahwa "In God We Trust" tampil di semua mata uang Amerika. Dua tahun kemudian, frasa ini digunakan di uang kertas untuk pertama kalinya, tepatnya [[sertifikat perak]] 1 dolar yang diperbarui yang mulai beredar pada 1 Oktober 1957.<ref name="USTreasury22" /> Kongres ke-84 mengesahkan undang-undang ({{uspl|84|851}}) yang menyatakan frasa ini sebagai semboyan nasional dan dan kemudian Presiden Dwight pada 30 Juli 1956 .<ref name="USTreasury22" />{{Efn|For the relevant statutes, see {{USC|36|302}} and [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-70/pdf/STATUTE-70-Pg732-2.pdf United States Public Law 84-851]}} Beberapa negara bagian juga telah mengamanatkan atau mengizinkan penggunaan frasa ini di lembaga-lembaga negeri atau sekolah,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Kelley|first=Bryan|title='In God We Trust': Public School Displays of the National Motto|url=https://ednote.ecs.org/in-god-we-trust-public-school-displays-of-the-national-motto/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Education Commission of the States]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web|date=September 2019|title=Display of National Motto in Public Schools|url=https://www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/Documents/educ/In_God_We_Trust.pdf?ver=2019-10-22-113444-580&timestamp=1571765698383|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[National Conference of State Legislatures]]|archive-date=2021-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620004257/https://www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/Documents/educ/In_God_We_Trust.pdf?ver=2019-10-22-113444-580&timestamp=1571765698383|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sementara [[Florida]], [[Georgia (negara bagian)|Georgia]], dan [[Mississippi]] telah memasukkan frasa ini dalam beberapa simbol negara bagian mereka. Semboyan ini juga telah digunakan dalam beberapa kasus di negara lain terutama pada uang logam yang beredar di [[Nikaragua]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Billetes y Monedas en Circulación|url=https://www.bcn.gob.ni/billetes_monedas/circulacion/circulacion.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190704082720/https://www.bcn.gob.ni/billetes_monedas/circulacion/circulacion.php|archive-date=2019-07-04|access-date=2021-05-29|website=[[Central Bank of Nicaragua]]|language=es}}</ref>
 
Semboyan ini tetap populer di kalangan warga Amerika Serikat. Menurut jajak pendapat bersama tahun 2003 oleh ''[[USA Today]]'', [[CNN]], dan [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]], 90% warga Amerika Serikat mendukung pemuatan tulisan "In God We Trust" di uang logam Amerika Serikat serta jajak pendapat mahasiswa tahun 2019 oleh ''College Pulse'' menunjukkan bahwa 53% mahasiswa mendukung pemuatan frasa ini dalam mata uang.<ref name="Poll22">{{cite news|year=2011|title=USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll results|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/polls/tables/live/2003-09-29-religion-poll.htm|access-date=2011-11-15|quote=C. The inscription "In God We Trust" on U.S. coins; 2003 Sep 19–21; Approve 90; Disapprove 8; No opinion 2}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web|last1=Kabbany-Fix|first1=Jennifer|last2=2019|date=2019-08-28|title=Nearly half of college students believe 'In God We Trust' should be removed from U.S. currency: poll|url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/nearly-half-of-college-students-believe-in-god-we-trust-should-be-removed-from-u-s-currency-poll/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|website=[[The College Fix]]}}</ref> Walau begitu, sejumlah pihak di Amerika Serikat merasa keberatan dengan penggunaan frasa itu dengan berpendapat bahwa muatan agama dalam frasa itu melanggar [[Klausa Pendirian]] [[Amendemen Pertama Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|Amendemen Pertama]].<ref>{{cite news|date=2010-03-12|title=Atheist in battle to remove 'In God We Trust' from US currency|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/7426824/Atheist-in-battle-to-remove-In-God-We-Trust-from-US-currency.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=2014-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031114917/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/7426824/Atheist-in-battle-to-remove-In-God-We-Trust-from-US-currency.html|archive-date=2013-10-31}}</ref> Mereka percaya bahwa frasa tersebut harus dihilangkan dari mata uang dan properti publik yang berujung kepada banyaknya tuntutan hukum. Argumen ini belum mengatasi doktrin penafsiran terhadap [[akomodasionisme]] yang memungkinkan pemerintah untuk mendukung pendirian agama selama mereka semua diperlakukan sama dan "[[deisme seremonial]]" yang menyatakan bahwa doa berulang-ulang dari entitas agama dalam hal-hal seremonial menanggalkan frase konotasi agama aslinya.<ref name="Drakeman199122">{{cite book|last=Drakeman|first=Donald L.|title=Church-state Constitutional Issues: Making Sense of the Establishment Clause|date=1991-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=9780313276637|language=en}}</ref> [[Mahkamah Agung New Hampshire]] serta [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat]] untuk Wilayah [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah II|Kedua]], [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah IV|Keempat]], [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah VI|Keenam]], [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah VIII|Kedelapan]], [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah IX|Kesembilan]], dan [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah X|Kesepuluh]] bersama-sama menjunjung konstitusionalitas semboyan ini dalam berbagai keadaan. Mahkamah Agung telah membahas semboyan ini dalam catatan kaki tetapi tidak pernah secara langsung memutuskan kepatuhannya dengan Konstitusi.<ref name=":0" />
Baris 13 ⟶ 12:
| image1 = Chase to Pollock 1863-12-09 motto only.png
| alt1 = Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary, drafting a new motto for the U.S. currency. After writing "In God is Our Trust", he scratches it out and changes "is Our" to "We". Letter to James Pollock, Director of the Philadelphia Mint, December 9, 1863
| caption1 = [[Salmon P. Chase]], Sekretaris [[TreasuryKementerian Keuangan Amerika Serikat|Departemen Keuangan SecretaryAS]], scribesmenulis "In God is Our Trust," scratches outmencoret "is Our" anddan overwritesmenindihnya dengan "We" to arrive atmenjadi "In God We Trust" indalam asurat Decembertertanggal 9, Desember 1863, letter tokepada [[James Pollock]], DirectorDirektur ofPercetakan theUang Philadelphia Mint.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chase|first=Salmon P|title=Letter to James Pollock|date=1863-12-09|work=Document # RG 104_UD 87-A_Folder In God We Trust 1861_Part1|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|page=11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dominguez|first=André|title="In God We Trust" originated from a Columbia County President Judge|url=https://colcohist-gensoc.org/wp-content/uploads/117trust.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Columbia County, Pennsylvania|Columbia County]] Historical and Genealogical Society}}</ref>
| image2 = And this be our motto - "In God is out trust,".png
| caption2 = ManuscriptSalinan copymanuskrip ofpuisi Key's tahun 1814 poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry" (laterkemudian knowndikenal assebagai "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]") indi whichmana onesatu linebaris of thedi fourthbait versekeempat readsterbaca, "And this be our motto-"In God is our trust,"" (encloseddi dalam sectionkotak)
| alt2 = =Manuscript copy of Key's 1814 poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry" (later known as "The Star-Spangled Banner") in which one line of the fourth verse reads, "And this be our motto-"In God is our trust,""
| direction = vertical
| total_width = 225
}}
Penggunaan awal semboyan ini yang tercatat dalam bahasa Inggris dapat dilacak hingga Januari 1748 ketika ''[[The Pennsylvania Gazette]]'' melaporkan [[pasukan warna]] resimen Associators, yaitu dari milisi [[Provinsi Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] pimpinan [[Benjamin Franklin]] yang salah satu di antara pasukan warna bertuliskan "IX. A Coronet and Plume of Feathers. Motto, {{smallcaps|In God we Trust}}."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Founders Online: Colors of the Associator Companies, 12 January 1748 and 16 April 1748|url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-03-02-0105|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-29|website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Popik|first=Barry|author-link=Barry Popik|date=2009-07-02|title=In God we trust (all others pay cash)|url=https://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/in_god_we_trust_all_others_pay_cash|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-29|website=The Big Apple|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Shapiro|first=Fred Q.|title=The Yale Book of Quotations|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300107982|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=9780300107982|location=[[New Haven, Ct.]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300107982/page/145 145]}}</ref> Menurut sejarawan [[Thomas S. Kidd]], ini tampaknya merupakan contoh terisolasi dari penggunaan resmi yang dapat ditelusuri ke beberapa terjemahan dari {{ayat Alkitab|Mazmur|56|11}}.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Kidd|first=Thomas S.|date=2015-11-10|title=The Origin of "In God We Trust"|url=https://www.patheos.com/blogs/anxiousbench/2015/11/the-origin-of-in-god-we-trust/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-29|website=Anxious Bench|language=en}}</ref>
 
Pada tahun 1814, [[Francis Scott Key]] menyusun dan menerbitkan puisi berjudul "Pertahanan Benteng M'Henry". Dalam bait keempat, versi puisi Francis yang diterbitkan termasuk baris "And this be our motto―'In God is our trust!'" ("Dan ini menjadi semboyan kami, 'In God is our trust!'").<ref>{{Cite journal|date=November 1814|title=Defence of Fort M'Henry|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_analectic-magazine_1814-11_4/page/n80|journal=The Analectic Magazine|volume=4|pages=433–434|hdl=2027/umn.31951000925404p}}</ref> Puisi karya Francis ini nantinya diadopsi sebagai lagu kebangsaan Amerika Serikat dengan judul "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]" dan berfungsi sebagai salah satu argumen untuk menyertakan semboyan ini pada mata uang. Ketika 'In God We Trust' sedang dipertimbangkan untuk diadopsi sebagai semboyan nasional Amerika Serikat oleh Kongres Amerika Serikat, kata-kata dari bait keempat puisi karya Francis dikemukakan dalam argumen yang mendukung adopsi semboyan ini.<ref name=":42">{{cite journal|authors=Fisher, Louis; [[Nada Mourtada-Sabbah|Mourtada-Sabbah, Nada]]|date=2002|title=Adopting In God We Trust as the U.S. National Motto|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23920474|journal=[[Journal of Church and State]]|volume=44|issue=4|pages=671–692|doi=10.1093/jcs/44.4.671|jstor=23920474}}</ref>
 
Ada beberapa catatan penggunaan semboyan ini lain yang tak berkaitan. Penggunaan semboyan ini dapat ditemui dalam beberapa karya sastra pada awal abad ke-19.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Popik|first=Barry|date=2009-07-02|title=In God we trust (all others pay cash)|url=https://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/in_god_we_trust_all_others_pay_cash|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-29|website=The Big Apple|language=en}}</ref> Semboyan ini juga muncul pada tahun 1845, ketika D.S. Whitney menerbitkan sebuah himne [[abolisionisme|menentang perbudakan]] di ''[[The Liberator]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Liberator. v.15:no.17(1845:Apr.25)|url=https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/book_viewer/commonwealth:gb19h269f|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-28|website=|via=Digital Commonwealth}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite journal|last=Latterell|first=Justin|date=2015-04-21|title=In God We Trust: Abraham Lincoln and America's Deathbed Repentance|journal=Political Theology|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|pages=594–607|doi=10.1558/poth.v12i4.594|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Odd Fellows]] juga menggunakan frasa itu sebagai semboyan mereka sejak dasawarsa 1840-an hingga diperkirakan dasawarsa 1870-an.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":52" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Disney|first=David T.|date=February 1845|title=Bro. Disney's Address|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBcZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22in+god+we+trust%22&pg=PA20|journal=The Ark, and Odd Fellows Magazine|volume=2|issue=2|pages=20, 184|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
Baris 28 ⟶ 27:
== Semboyan di mata uang ==
=== Adopsi awal ===
Dalam sebuah surat bertanggal 13 November 1861, Pendeta Mark R. Watkinson dari [[Ridleyville]], [[Pennsylvania]] (pastor dari Prospect Hill Baptist Church di [[Prospect Park]], Pennsylvania saat ini) mengajukan petisi kepada [[Kementerian Keuangan Amerika Serikat|Kementerian Keuangan]] untuk menambahkan pernyataan yang mengakui Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa dalam beberapa bentuk pada uang logam Amerika Serikat untuk membebaskan Amerika Serikat dari aib kekafiran.<ref name="USTreasury22" /><ref name="Myers202022">{{cite web|last1=Myers|first1=R. Andrew|date=2020-07-25|title=How did "In God We Trust" come to be on American currency? A 19th-century Presbyterian played a major role|url=https://www.logcollegepress.com/blog/2020/7/24/how-did-in-god-we-trust-come-to-be-on-american-currency-a-19th-century-presbyterian-played-a-major-role|url-status=live|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Log College Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv0qAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA260|title=Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the Finances for the Year 1896|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|year=1897|location=[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]|pages=260|access-date=2021-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118192336/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv0qAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA260#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2016-11-18}}</ref> Setidaknya sebagian dari motivasinya adalah menyatakan bahwa Tuhan berada di pihak [[Negara Utara]] dalam Perang Saudara,<ref name=":02" /><ref name="USTreasury22" /> mengingat [[Konfederasi Amerika|Konfederasi]] telah melibatkan Tuhan dalam [[Konstitusi Konfederasi Amerika|konstitusi]] mereka manakala Negara Utara tidak mengikuti hal serupa.{{Efn|See preamble of CSA Constitution: ...invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God...}} Sentimen ini dimiliki bersama oleh warga negara lain yang mendukung penyertaan frasa itu dalam surat mereka.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Begley|first=Sarah|date=2016-01-13|title=How 'In God We Trust' Got on the Currency in the First Place|url=https://time.com/4179685/in-god-we-trust-currency-history/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|magazine=Time|language=en}}</ref> Memang, [[Infanteri Pennsylvania ke-125]] [[Angkatan Darat Negara Utara]] menggunakan semboyan "In God we trust" pada awal Agustus 1862.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pennsylvania Infantry. 125th Regiment, 1862-1863|title=History Of The One Hundred And Twenty-fifth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1862-1863|publisher=Cornell University Library|year=2009|isbn=978-1-112-13570-5|location=[[Ithaca, N.Y.]]|pages=150–152}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Alexander|first=Ted|title=The Battle of Antietam: The Bloodiest Day|url=https://archive.org/details/battleofantietam0000alex|publisher=The History Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-60949-179-6|location=[[Charleston, S.C.]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/battleofantietam0000alex/page/76 76]}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLc6WDOMUwA|title=125th PA Vol. Infantry: IN GOD WE TRUST|date=2012-06-28|type=Television production|language=en|access-date=2016-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810041027/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLc6WDOMUwA|archive-date=2016-08-10|url-status=live|work=[[WTAJ]]|via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Antietam: 125th Pennsylvania Infantry|url=https://antietam.aotw.org/officers.php?unit_id=269|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-29|website=Antietam on the Web}}</ref> Di Konfederasi, frasa ini juga mendapat daya tarik tersendiri, sehingga ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'' melaporkan pada tahun 1864 bahwa [[Angkatan Laut Negara Utara]] telah mengambil sebuah bendera yang bertuliskan semboyan "''Our cause is just, our duty we know ; In God we trust, to battle we go.''" (''Tujuan kami ialah keadilan, tugas kami yang kami ketahui; Kepada Tuhan kami yakin, untuk berperang kami pergi.''").<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1864-04-23|title=Sketches of the Metropolitan Fair|url=https://archive.org/details/harpersweeklyv8bonn/page/260/mode/2up|journal=[[Harper's Weekly]]|volume=8|pages=261|access-date=2021-05-29|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
 
[[Berkas:1864_2C_Small_Motto_Red_(obv).jpg|thumb|204x204px|"{{sc|IN GOD WE TRUST}}" firstpertama appearedkali onmuncul thedalam obversemuka sidedepan ofuang thekoin [[Two-centdua piecesen (Unitedcetakan States)|Two-cent piece]] intahun 1864<ref name="USTreasury22" />|alt="IN GOD WE TRUST" as itpertama firstkali appearedmuncul ondalam themuka obversedepan sideuang ofkoin thedua two-centsen piececetakan intahun 1864]]
[[Menteri Keuangan Amerika Serikat|Menteri Keuangan]] semasa kepresidenan [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Salmon P. Chase]] yang merupakan penganut Kristen aliran [[Anglikanisme|Episkopal]] evangelis yang dikenal karena terlihat alim di muka umum,<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Harp|first=Gillis J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WCeeDwAAQBAJ|title=Protestants and American Conservatism: A Short History|date=2019-08-02|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-997741-3|location=New York|pages=95–96|language=en}}</ref> bertindak cepat atas proposal untuk memasukkan semboyan yang mengacu pada Tuhan dan mengarahkan [[Direktur United States Mint]] Philadelphia saat itu dan anggota [[Persatuan Reformasi Nasional]], [[James Pollock]], untuk menyusun kemungkinan rancangan yang akan memasukkan frasa keagamaan.<ref name="Myers202022" /> James memilih rancangan favoritnya dan mengajukan proposal kepada Kongres untuk rancangan baru pada akhir tahun 1863. Ia kemudian memutuskan versi terakhir dari semboyan baru, "In God We Trust", pada Desember 1863.<ref name=":42">{{cite journal|authors=Fisher, Louis; [[Nada Mourtada-Sabbah|Mourtada-Sabbah, Nada]]|date=2002|title=Adopting In God We Trust as the U.S. National Motto|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23920474|journal=[[Journal of Church and State]]|volume=44|issue=4|pages=671–692|doi=10.1093/jcs/44.4.671|jstor=23920474}}</ref> Keterlibatan Lincoln dalam proses itu tidak jelas, meskipun dia mengetahui pembicaraan semacam itu.{{Efn|According to the Congressional Record (1908, [[U.S. House of Representatives]]), p. 3387, the motto was adopted "doubtless with his [Lincoln's] knowledge and approval".}}
 
Ketika Salmon sedang mempersiapkan usulannya kepada Kongres, ditemukan bahwa legislatif federal mengesahkan undang-undang yang menentukan semboyan dan perangkat yang harus dicap di uang logam Amerika Serikat pada 18 Januari 1837. Ini berarti pemberlakuan beberapa undang-undang tambahan diperlukan sebelum "In God We Trust" dapat diukir. Rancangan undang-undnag itu diperkenalkan dan disahkan dengan judul [[Undang-Undang Uang Logam 1864]] pada 22 April 1864 yang memungkinkan Menteri Keuangan untuk mengizinkan penyertaan frasa ini pada uang logam [[penny (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|penny]] (1 sen) dan [[2 sen (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|2 sen]].<ref name="USTreasury22" />
Baris 37 ⟶ 36:
Pada 3 Maret 1865, Kongres mengesahkan undang-undang yang mengizinkan Direktur United States Mint untuk menempatkan "In God We Trust" pada semua uang logam emas dan perak. Direktur harus tunduk kepada persetujuan Menteri Keuangan.<ref name="USTreasury22" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.nonbeliever.org/images/CR102-13917.pdf|title=102 Congressional Record - Senate|year=1956|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|pages=13917|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106115209/http://www.nonbeliever.org/images/CR102-13917.pdf|archive-date=2009-01-06|via=NonBeliever.org}}</ref> Undang-undang ini kemudian ditandatangani Lincoln sebagai Undang-Undang Kongres terakhir sebelum ia [[pembunuhan Abraham Lincoln|dibunuh]].<ref name=":52" /> Pada tahun 1873, Kongres meloloskan Undang-Undang Uang Logam lainnya yang menyatakan bahwa Menteri Keuangan dapat menjadikan semboyan IN GOD WE TRUST ditorehkan pada uang logam.<ref name=":2" />
 
In God We Trust (atau cukup God We Trust) pertama kali muncul pada uang logam 2 sen yang pertama kali dicetak pada tahun 1863 dan diedarkan secara massal pada tahun berikutnya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Giedroyc|first=Richard|title=Two Cent|url=https://www.pcgs.com/coinfacts/category/two-cent-1864-1873/670|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|website=[[Professional Coin Grading Service]]|language=en-us}}</ref> Menurut numismatis David W. Lange, penyertaan semboyan ini pada uang logam merupakan pendorong utama dalam memopulerkan semboyan ini.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lange|first=David W.|title=History of the United States Mint and its Coinage|url=https://archive.org/details/2005histusmintandcoindavlange|publisher=Whitman Publisher LLC|year=2005|isbn=978-0794819729|pages=98–99}}</ref> Uang logam lain seperti [[shield nickel|nickel]] (5 sen), [[uang logam Seated Liberty|25 sen]], [[50 sen (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|50 sen]], [[Half eagle (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|half eagle]] (5 dolar), dan [[Eagleear (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|eagle]] (10 dolar) terdapat semboyan ini yang terukir sejak tahun 1866 dan seterusnya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Ackerman|first=David M.|date=1996-07-10|title="In God We Trust" on the Nation's Coins and Currency and as the National Motto: History and Constitutionality|url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/19960710_96-609_a80750766297a603d32b12e9f6d72db35ab6ac04.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-04|website=[[Congressional Research Service]]}}</ref> Uang logam dolar diukir dengan menyertakan semboyan ini pada tahun 1973 di [[dolar perdagangan (uang logam Amerika Serikat]] dan tahun 1878 di [[dolar Morgan]] yang beredar luas.<ref name=":1" /> Namun, beberapa pecahan uang logam masih belum diukir dengan menyertakan semboyan ini karena tiada kewajiban untuk menggunakan semboyan ini pada uang logam. Lainnya, semboyan ini tidak lagi muncul di uang logam 5 sen setelah [[5 sen Liberty Head|dirancang ulang]], jadi sebagai besar uang logam tidak diukir dengan menyertakan semboyan ini pada akhir abad ke-19.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mislin|first=David|title=The complex history of 'In God We Trust'|url=http://theconversation.com/the-complex-history-of-in-god-we-trust-91117|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|language=en}}</ref> Akhirnya, Akhirnya, pada tahun 1892, sebuah kekeliruan saat mengamendemen Undang-Undang Uang Logam mencoret bahasa yang mengamanatkan penyertaan frasa ini.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|title=Type 2, No Motto|url=https://www.pcgs.com/coinfacts/category/gold-coins/st-gaudens-20-1907-1933/type-2-no-motto-1907-1908/784|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Professional Coin Grading Service]]|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526010358/https://www.pcgs.com/coinfacts/category/gold-coins/st-gaudens-20-1907-1933/type-2-no-motto-1907-1908/784|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
[[Berkas:US-$20-IBN-1864-Fr.197.jpg|thumb|236x236px|$20 interest-bearing note from 1864; "{{Smallcaps|in god is our trust}}" appears on the bottom-right shield|alt=$20 interest-bearing note from 1864; "in god is our trust" appears on the bottom-right shield on the obverse side of the note.]]
Baris 60 ⟶ 59:
=== Kontroversi uang logam Saint-Gaudens 1907 ===
{{See also|Indian Head eagle|Saint-Gaudens double eagle}}
Pada tahun 1904, Presiden [[Theodore Roosevelt]] berusaha untuk memperindah uang logam Amerika Serikat dan memutuskan untuk memberikan tugas kepada temannya Augustus Saint-Gaudens<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Breen|first=Walter|title=Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins.|url=https://archive.org/details/walterbreenscomp0000bree|publisher=Doubleday|year=1988|isbn=978-0-385-14207-6|location=New York|pages=572–573}}</ref> yang menghasilkan rancangan baru [[Eagle (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|eagle]] dan [[double eagle (uang logam Amerika Serikat)|double eagle]] setelah beberapa kali mengalami penundaan dan permasalahan teknis dengan rancangannya. Theodore secara khusus mengarahkan Augustus untuk tidak memasukkan "In God We Trust" pada uang logam karena Theodore khawatir uang logam ini akan digunakan untuk kegiatan fasik lebih lanjut, seperti perjudian, dan memfasilitasi kejahatan.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last1=Garret|first1=Jeff|title=Encyclopedia of U.S. Gold Coins, 1795–1933|last2=Guth|first2=Ron|publisher=Whitman Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7948-2254-5|edition=2nd|location=[[Atlanta]]|pages=476}}</ref> Augustus tidak menentang perintah tersebut karena ia berpikir frasa ini akan mengalihkan perhatian dari fitur rancangan uang logam.<ref name=":13" />
 
Uang logam versi relief ultratingginya ini sekarang dianggap sebagai salah satu koin terindah yang pernah dibuat di Amerika Serikat,<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=100 Greatest U.S. Coins|url=https://www.collectors.com/setmatch/setmatchdetail?compitemid=54748&itemtypeid=1&compid=1576&exactmatch=True&hidenomatch=False&hidehascurrentitem=False&days=Any&lowgrade=Any&highgrade=Any&lowprice=Any&highprice=Any&sellerexclude=false|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-30|website=www.collectors.com}}</ref> memang dihargai karena estetikanya oleh para kritikus seni.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal|last=Gatewood|first=Willard B.|date=1966|title=Theodore Roosevelt and the Coinage Controversy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-quarterly_spring-1966_18_1/page/35|journal=[[American Quarterly]]|volume=18|issue=1|pages=35–51|doi=10.2307/2711109|issn=0003-0678|jstor=2711109|doi-access=free}}</ref> Namun, sebuah skandal segera meletus karena kurangnya "In God We Trust" pada eagle dan double eagle.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burdette|first=Roger W.|title=Renaissance of American Coinage, 1905–1908|url=https://archive.org/details/2006renaissance1905burdette|publisher=Seneca Mill Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-9768986-1-0|location=[[Great Falls, Va.]]|pages=193–195}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2009-03-04|title=10 Interesting Facts About Theodore Roosevelt|url=http://www.republicanpresidents.net/10-interesting-facts-about-theodore-roosevelt/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217130709/http://www.republicanpresidents.net/10-interesting-facts-about-theodore-roosevelt/|archive-date=2014-02-17|access-date=2014-02-04|publisher=Republicanpresidents.net}}</ref> Theodore Roosevelt bersikeras bahwa meskipun mendukung penempatan semboyan ini di bangunan, monumen, ia menyebut penempatan semboyan ini di uang (atau prangko dan iklan) akan semakin menjurus kepada penistaan.<ref name=":42" />
 
{{quotation|"Perasaan saya sendiri dalam hal ini ialah karena keyakinan saya yang sangat kuat bahwa menempatkan semboyan seperti itu pada koin atau menggunakannya dalam cara apa pun, tidak hanya tidak baik, tetapi juga merugikan dan pada dasarnya adalah ketidaksopanan berbahaya yang menjurus kepada penistaan. ... Setiap penggunaan yang cenderung merendahkan semboyan itu, dan di atas semua itu, setiap penggunaan yang cenderung membuat semboyan itu diperlakukan dengan semangat kesembronoan, dari setiap sudut pandang sangat disesalkan. ... menurut saya sangat tidak bijaksana untuk merendahkan semboyan seperti itu dengan menggunakan uang logam ... Sepanjang hidup saya, saya belum pernah mendengar ada manusia yang berbicara dengan hormat tentang semboyan ini pada koin atau menunjukkan tanda-tandanya yang telah menarik emosi tertinggi dalam dirinya, tapi saya benar-benar mendengar beratus-ratus kali semboyan itu digunakan sebagai kesempatan dan hasutan untuk ... mencibir ... Setiap orang harus mengingat kartun dan artikel yang tak terhitung banyaknya berdasarkan frasa seperti 'In God we trust for the 8 cents', ... Tentunya, saya berada di dalam batas ketika saya mengatakan bahwa penggunaan frasa yang mengundang kesembronoan jenis ini sangat tidak diinginkan."|source=Presiden Theodore Roosevelt, 13 November 1907<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41216216/teddy-roosevelts-letter-on-his/|title=Roosevelt Dropped 'IN GOD WE TRUST'; President Says Such a Motto on Coin Is Irreverence, Close to Sacrilege. NO LAW COMMANDS ITS USE He Trusts Congress Will Not Direct Him to Replace the Exalted Phrase That Invited Constant Levity|date=1907-11-14|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2010-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032944/https://www.nytimes.com/1907/11/14/archives/roosevelt-dropped-in-god-we-trust-president-says-such-a-motto-on.html|archive-date=2018-02-26|url-status=live|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>}}
Baris 74 ⟶ 73:
Semasa zaman [[Perang Dingin]], pemerintah Amerika Serikat berusaha membedakan dirinya dengan [[Uni Soviet]] yang mempromosikan [[ateisme negara]] dan dengan demikian menerapkan [[legislasi antiagama Uni Soviet|legislasi antiagama]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Merriman|first=Scott A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_8VFygyaDYC&pg=PA281|title=Religion and the Law in America: An Encyclopedia of Personal Belief and Public Policy|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1851098637|location=[[Santa Barbara, Calif.]]|quote=In 1956, the United States, changed its motto to 'In God We Trust', in large part to differentiate itself from the Soviet Union, its Cold War enemy that was widely seen as promoting atheism.|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529230649/https://books.google.com/books?id=l_8VFygyaDYC&pg=PA281&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=2019-05-29}}</ref> Oleh karena itu, perdebatan mengenai penggunaan lebih lanjut dari semboyan agama bermula di Kongres. Namun, [[Kevin M. Kruse]] berpendapat dalam buku karyanya bahwa penentangan kaum [[konservatisme di Amerika Serikat|konservatif]] terhadap [[New Deal]] dan kampanye mereka selanjutnya untuk memperluas pengaruh agama yang berhasil adalah faktor utama yang berkontribusi kepada pengadopsian lebih lanjut dari "In God We Trust".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kruse|first=Kevin M.|title=One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America|publisher=[[Basic Books]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-465-04949-3|location=New York|pages=xiv-xv}}</ref>
 
Kebijakan semasa [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] [[Kepresidenan Dwight D. Eisenhower|menjabat]] terhitung sangat religius, sehingga memuluskan lobi untuk menyertakan semboyan ini dalam ppenggunaan lebih lanjut,<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Herzog|first=Jonathan P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGC8D-ybQnAC&q=Louis+C.+Rabaut+postage+cancellation+god+we+trust&pg=PA101|title=The Spiritual-Industrial Complex: America's Religious Battle Against Communism in the Early Cold War|date=2011-08-05|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]], USA|isbn=978-0-19-539346-0|location=New York|pages=97, 101|language=en}}</ref> yang sering dikaitkan dengan pengaruh evangelis [[Billy Graham]] yang terkemuka pada saat itu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Kalpana|date=2021-06-11|title=Why the legacy of Billy Graham continues to endure: 3 essential reads|url=http://theconversation.com/why-the-legacy-of-billy-graham-continues-to-endure-3-essential-reads-162465|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-28|website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|language=en}}</ref> Setelah penyertaan semboyan ini secara nasional mendapat tekanan dari publik, semboyan ini muncul untuk pertama kalinya pada sejumlah prangko dari [[Liberty Issue]] 1954<ref>{{Cite news|date=1954-02-26|title=NEW STAMP GETS MOTTO; 'In God We Trust' 8-Center to Go on Sale Early in April|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/02/26/archives/new-stamp-gets-motto-in-god-we-trust-8center-to-go-on-sale-early-in.html|access-date=2021-05-31|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Christopher|first=West|title=A History of America in Thirty-Six Postage Stamps|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica0000west_m6l1|publisher=[[Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2014|isbn=978-1250043689|location=[[London]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica0000west_m6l1/page/232 232]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cep|first=Casey N.|date=2014-02-20|title=When Did Americans Start Trusting in God?|url=https://psmag.com/news/americans-start-trusting-god-74456|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Pacific Standard]]|language=en}}</ref> meskipun melobi untuk penyertaan universal oleh Senator Michigan Charles E. Potter dan Anggota DPR Louis C. Rabaut gagal.<ref name=":15" />
 
Tahun berikutnya, Anggota DPR Partai Demokrat [[Charles Edward Bennett]] dari Florida mengutipmenyebut Perang Dingin ketika ia memperkenalkan {{Abbr|H. R.|House Resolution}} 619, whichdi obligedDewan Perwakilan Rakyat yang mewajibkan "In God we trust" tountuk beditempatkan printedpada onsemua alluang banknoteskertas anddan strucklogam ondengan allalasan coins,bahwa inAmerika theSerikat House,harus arguingterus thatmencari "[in]cara theseuntuk daysmemperkuat whenfondasi imperialistickebebasan andketika materialistickomunisme communismimperialistik seeksdan tomaterialistik attackberusaha andmenyerang destroydan freedom,menghancurkan we should continually look for ways to strengthen the foundations of our freedom"kebebasan.<ref>{{cite web|date=1955-07-11|title=The legislation placing "In God We Trust" on national currency {{pipe}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives|url=http://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-legislation-placing-%E2%80%9CIn-God-We-Trust%E2%80%9D-on-national-currency/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519004812/http://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-legislation-placing-%E2%80%9CIn-God-We-Trust%E2%80%9D-on-national-currency/|archive-date=2017-05-19|access-date=2017-05-13|publisher=history.house.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dEADWZdN2k8C&q=strengthen+our+freedom&pg=PA47|title=Miscellaneous Hearings: Hearings Before ... , 84-1 on H.J.Res. 202 ... , H.R. 3327 ... , H.R. 619 ... 1956|publisher=United States Congress House Banking and Currency Committee|year=1956|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=47–57|language=en|chapter=United States Currency Inscription}}</ref> ThePersatuan [[AmericanNumismatik NumismaticAmerika Association]]Serikat anddan theLegiun [[AmericanAmerika Legion]]Serikat concurredsetuju andserta mademembuat resolutionsresolusi urgingyang tomendesak promoteuntuk furthermempromosikan usagepenggunaan oflebih lanjut dari "In God We Trust".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fitschen|first=Steve|date=2018-02-11|title=Defending "In God We Trust"|url=https://nationallegalfoundation.org/briefings/defending-in-god-we-trust/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=National Legal Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Congressional Record, Volume 148 Issue 105 (Monday, July 29, 2002)|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2002-07-29/html/CREC-2002-07-29-pt1-PgE1437-2.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]|quote=The following year, 1955, largely at the instigation of Matt Rothert, later president of the American Numismatic Association, Congress amended the U.S. Code to require the national motto to be placed on all coins and currency.}}</ref>
 
OnPada July11 11,Juli 1955, therancangan bill,undang-undang havingini passedditandangani withmenjadi bipartisanundang-undang supportoleh ofPresiden bothDwight chamberssetelah ofdisahkan Congress,oleh waskedua signedpartai intodi law by President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]]Kongres.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1955-07-11|title=An Act to provide that all United States currency shall bear the inscription "In God We Trust."|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-69/pdf/STATUTE-69-Pg290-2.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]}}</ref><ref name="History, Art & Archives22">{{cite web|title=The Legislation Placing "In God We Trust" on National Currency'|url=https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-legislation-placing-%E2%80%9CIn-God-We-Trust%E2%80%9D-on-national-currency/|url-status=live|access-date=2019-09-16|work=[[United States House of Representatives]]}}</ref> SinceKarena allsemua coinsuang alreadylogam compliedsudah withmengikuti thesesuai law,hukum theyang onlyberlaku, changessatu-satunya wereperubahan madedilakukan topada themata paperuang currencykertas. TheSemboyan mottoini firstpertama appearedkali onmuncul thepada sertifikat perak $1 [[Silverpada certificatetahun (United1957 States)#Small-sizeyang Unitedkemudian Statesdiikuti silveroleh certificatessertifikat (1928–1957)|silverlainnya. certificate]]Semboyan inini 1957,dimuat followed by other certificates.pada [[Federal Reserve Note]]s anddan [[United States Note]]s<ref>Not{{efn|Tidak diproduksi producedsejak sincetahun 1971</ref>}} wereyang circulateddicetak with the motto starting fromsejak 1964 tohingga 1966, depending on thetergantung denominationpecahan.<ref name="USTreasury22" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Merriman|first=Scott A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_8VFygyaDYC&pg=PA281|title=Religion and the Law in America: An Encyclopedia of Personal Belief and Public Policy|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2007|isbn=978-1-85109-863-7|volume=1|location=[[Santa Barbara, Calif.]]|pages=281|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Epstein|first=Steven B.|date=1996|title=Rethinking the Constitutionality of Ceremonial Deism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1123418|journal=[[Columbia Law Review]]|volume=96|issue=8|pages=2083–2174|doi=10.2307/1123418|jstor=1123418|issn=0010-1958|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317235545/http://www.jstor.org/stable/1123418|archive-date=2017-03-17}}</ref>{{Efn|Quoting the [[peroration]] (abridged here) of the speech by [[Charles Edward Bennett]], sponsor in the House, the only speech in either House of Congress on the subject. President Eisenhower and [[W. Randolph Burgess]], Deputy to the [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Treasury for Monetary Affairs]], had approved of the legislation. 101 [[Congressional Record]] pp. 4384 (quoted), 7796. (1955)}}
 
== Adopsi dan pemuatan di institusi pemerintahan ==
== Adoption and display by government institutions in U.S. ==
[[File:State of the Union entrance 2011.jpg|alt=Close-upTampilan atdekat themimbar rostrumDewan ofPerwakilan theRakyat HouseAS, of Representatives,tempat wheredi themana SpeakerKetua sitsduduk. TheSemboyan nationalnasional mottodiukir isdi carvedmarmer, indi marbleatas overtempat the seat of the presiding officer of the chamberduduk.|thumb|Close-upTampilan atdekat themimbar rostrumDewan ofPerwakilan theRakyat HouseAS, oftempat Representatives, wheredi themana [[SpeakerKetua ofDewan thePerwakilan UnitedRakyat StatesAmerika HouseSerikat|sang of Representatives|SpeakerKetua]] sitsduduk. TheSemboyan national mottonasional, whichyang isdiukir carved indi [[marblemarmer]], can be seen atdapat thedilihat topdi ofbagian theatas imagegambar.|left]]
=== Pemerintahan federal ===
Pada 30 Juli 1956, [[Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-84|Kongres ke-84]] mengesahkan resolusi bersama yang menyatakan "In God We Trust" sebagai semboyan nasional Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web|author=Margaret Wood|date=2013-04-22|title=In God We Trust|url=https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2013/04/in-god-we-trust/|access-date=2021-04-02|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Resolusi ini disetujui oleh Kongres dengan suara bulat tanpa adanya perdebatan sama sekali.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1956-08-13|title=New National Motto Of U. S. Recalls Key's Words Of 1814|language=en|page=8|work=[[Palladium-Item]]|location=[[Richmond, Indiana]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/249484657/?terms=in+god+we+trust|url-status=live|access-date=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032430/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/249484657/?terms=in+god+we+trust|archive-date=2018-02-26|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Douglas|title=The Fifties: The Way We Really Were|url=https://archive.org/details/fiftieswaywereal00mill|last2=Marion|first2=Nowak|publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|year=1977|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fiftieswaywereal00mill/page/89 89]|quote='In God We Trust' was adopted as the national motto in 1956, with neither debate nor a single dissenting vote in the House or Senate.}}</ref>{{Efn|For the relevant statutes, see {{USC|36|302}} and [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-70/pdf/STATUTE-70-Pg732-2.pdf United States Public Law 84-851]}} Semboyan ini menggantikan {{lang|la|[[E pluribus unum]]}} uyang telah ada sebelumnya sebagai semboyan resmi ''de facto''.<ref name="RSAL22" /> {{USC|36|302}} Kitab Undang-Undang Amerika Serikat kini menyatakan, "'In God we trust' is the national motto" ('In God we trust' adalah semboyan nasional'). Resolusi itu ditegaskan kembali semasa peringatan 50 tahun pengadopsian pada tahun 2006 oleh Senat,<ref name="Senate22">{{cite news|author=Felicia Sonmez|date=2011-11-01|title=Social issues return to fore with 'In God We Trust' resolution|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/social-issues-return-to-fore-with-in-god-we-trust-resolution/2011/10/31/gIQAXQasZM_blog.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104034201/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/social-issues-return-to-fore-with-in-god-we-trust-resolution/2011/10/31/gIQAXQasZM_blog.html|archive-date=2021-11-04|quote='In 2006, on the 50th anniversary of its adoption, the Senate reaffirmed 'In God We Trust' as the official national motto of the United States,' Forbes said in a statement announcing the vote. 'Tomorrow, the House of Representatives will have the same opportunity to reaffirm our national motto and directly confront a disturbing trend of inaccuracies and omissions, misunderstandings of church and state, rogue court challenges, and efforts to remove God from the public domain by unelected bureaucrats.'}}</ref> dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat pada tahun 2011, dengan 396 suara setuju berbanding 9 suara tidak setuju.<ref name="Reaffirm22">{{cite news|author=Jennifer Steinhauer|date=2011-11-03|title=In God We Trust, With the House's Help|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/us/house-of-representatives-affirms-in-god-we-trust-motto.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107012016/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/us/house-of-representatives-affirms-in-god-we-trust-motto.html|archive-date=2011-11-07|quote=Citing a crisis of national identity and mass confusion among Americans about their nation's motto, the House on Tuesday voted on a resolution 'reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States.'}}</ref><ref name="Iqraar22">{{cite news|author=Todd Starnes|date=2011-11-03|title=See Which Congressmen Voted Against 'In God We Trust'|work=[[Fox News]]|url=http://nation.foxnews.com/congress/2011/11/01/see-which-congressmen-voted-against-god-we-trust#ixzz1cYiMXHil|url-status=dead|access-date=2011-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104222412/http://nation.foxnews.com/congress/2011/11/01/see-which-congressmen-voted-against-god-we-trust#ixzz1cYiMXHil|archive-date=2011-11-04|quote=The House of Representatives passed a bi-partisan resolution Tuesday night reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States. The 396–9 vote came at the request of Rep. Randy Forbes (R-VA).}}</ref> Pada tahun 2000, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat juga didorong untuk menampilkan semboyan tersebut di depan umum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-07-23|title=House Votes For Display Of 'in God We Trust' Motto In Public Buildings|url=https://www.au.org/media/press-releases/house-votes-for-display-of-in-god-we-trust-motto-in-public-buildings|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Americans United for Separation of Church and State]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526010359/https://www.au.org/media/press-releases/house-votes-for-display-of-in-god-we-trust-motto-in-public-buildings|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|title=H. Res. 548 Engrossed in House|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-106hres548eh/html/BILLS-106hres548eh.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]}}</ref>
 
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat menampilkan semboyan ini di atas mimbar [[Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat|Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat]] yang diukir di dinding pada bulan Desember 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Furniture {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives|url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Capitol/1951-Present/Furniture/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=history.house.gov|language=en}}</ref>
=== Federal government ===
[[File:Seal of Florida.svg|thumb|[[Segel Florida]], yang juga muncul pada [[Bendera Florida]]. {{sc|IN GOD WE TRUST}} terlihat di bagian bawah segel.|193x193px]]
On July 30, 1956, the [[84th United States Congress|84th Congress]] passed a joint resolution "declaring 'IN GOD WE TRUST' the national motto of the United States."<ref>{{cite web|author=Margaret Wood|date=2013-04-22|title=In God We Trust|url=https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2013/04/in-god-we-trust/|access-date=2021-04-02|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> The resolution passed both the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] and the [[United States Senate|Senate]] unanimously and without debate.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1956-08-13|title=New National Motto Of U. S. Recalls Key's Words Of 1814|language=en|page=8|work=[[Palladium-Item]]|location=[[Richmond, Indiana]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/249484657/?terms=in+god+we+trust|url-status=live|access-date=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032430/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/249484657/?terms=in+god+we+trust|archive-date=2018-02-26|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Douglas|title=The Fifties: The Way We Really Were|last2=Marion|first2=Nowak|publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|year=1977|pages=89|quote='In God We Trust' was adopted as the national motto in 1956, with neither debate nor a single dissenting vote in the House or Senate.}}</ref>{{Efn|For the relevant statutes, see {{USC|36|302}} and [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-70/pdf/STATUTE-70-Pg732-2.pdf United States Public Law 84-851]}} It replaced {{lang|la|[[E pluribus unum]]}}, which had existed before as a ''de facto'' official motto.<ref name="RSAL22" /> The United States Code at {{USC|36|302}}, now states: "'In God we trust' is the national motto." The resolution was reaffirmed in 2006, on the 50th anniversary of its adoption, by the [[United States Senate|Senate]],<ref name="Senate22">{{cite news|author=Felicia Sonmez|date=2011-11-01|title=Social issues return to fore with 'In God We Trust' resolution|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/social-issues-return-to-fore-with-in-god-we-trust-resolution/2011/10/31/gIQAXQasZM_blog.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104034201/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/social-issues-return-to-fore-with-in-god-we-trust-resolution/2011/10/31/gIQAXQasZM_blog.html|archive-date=2021-11-04|quote='In 2006, on the 50th anniversary of its adoption, the Senate reaffirmed 'In God We Trust' as the official national motto of the United States,' Forbes said in a statement announcing the vote. 'Tomorrow, the House of Representatives will have the same opportunity to reaffirm our national motto and directly confront a disturbing trend of inaccuracies and omissions, misunderstandings of church and state, rogue court challenges, and efforts to remove God from the public domain by unelected bureaucrats.'}}</ref> and in 2011 by the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], in a 396 to 9 vote.<ref name="Reaffirm22">{{cite news|author=Jennifer Steinhauer|date=2011-11-03|title=In God We Trust, With the House's Help|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/us/house-of-representatives-affirms-in-god-we-trust-motto.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107012016/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/02/us/house-of-representatives-affirms-in-god-we-trust-motto.html|archive-date=2011-11-07|quote=Citing a crisis of national identity and mass confusion among Americans about their nation's motto, the House on Tuesday voted on a resolution 'reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States.'}}</ref><ref name="Iqraar22">{{cite news|author=Todd Starnes|date=2011-11-03|title=See Which Congressmen Voted Against 'In God We Trust'|work=[[Fox News]]|url=http://nation.foxnews.com/congress/2011/11/01/see-which-congressmen-voted-against-god-we-trust#ixzz1cYiMXHil|url-status=dead|access-date=2011-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104222412/http://nation.foxnews.com/congress/2011/11/01/see-which-congressmen-voted-against-god-we-trust#ixzz1cYiMXHil|archive-date=2011-11-04|quote=The House of Representatives passed a bi-partisan resolution Tuesday night reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States. The 396–9 vote came at the request of Rep. Randy Forbes (R-VA).}}</ref> In 2000, the House additionally encouraged to publicly display the motto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-07-23|title=House Votes For Display Of 'in God We Trust' Motto In Public Buildings|url=https://www.au.org/media/press-releases/house-votes-for-display-of-in-god-we-trust-motto-in-public-buildings|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Americans United for Separation of Church and State]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|title=H. Res. 548 Engrossed in House|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-106hres548eh/html/BILLS-106hres548eh.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]}}</ref>
 
=== Pemerintah negara bagian dan daerah ===
The [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] features the motto above the rostrum of the [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]], which was carved in the wall in December 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Furniture {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives|url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Capitol/1951-Present/Furniture/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=history.house.gov|language=en}}</ref>
==== Adopsi semboyan nasional dalam simbol negara bagian ====
[[File:Seal of Florida.svg|thumb|[[Seal of Florida]], which also appears on the [[Flag of Florida]]. {{sc|IN GOD WE TRUST}} appears at the bottom of the seal.|193x193px]]
Di [[Florida]], {{Abbr|HB|House Bill}} 1145 menetapkan adopsi "In God We Trust" sebagai semboyan resmi negara bagian alih-alih semboyan yang lebih mirip yaitu "In God Is Our Trust" yang berlaku sejak 1 Juli 2006.<ref name="auto22" /><ref name="myflorida.com22" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 2020 Florida Statutes: 15.0301|url=http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0000-0099/0015/Sections/0015.0301.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Florida Legislature]]|quote=State motto.—"In God We Trust" is hereby designated and declared the official motto of the State of Florida.}}</ref> Semboyan ini juga muncul di [[Lambang Florida]] dan [[Bendera Florida]] karena Lambang Florida adalah salah satu unsurnya sejak tahun 1868.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Seal|url=https://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-state-symbols/state-seal/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Florida Department of State]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=State Flag|url=https://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-state-symbols/state-flag/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Florida Department of State]]}}</ref>
 
[[Bendera Georgia (negara bagian)|Georgia]] menampilkan semboyan ini sejak tahun 2001 yang dipertahankan setelah dirancang ulang dua tahun kemudian.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Whitney|date=2004-03-25|title=Flag of Georgia {{!}} United States state flag|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Georgia-United-States-state-flag|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref>
=== State and local governments ===
 
Di [[Mississippi]], [[Senat Negara Bagian Mississippi|Senat Mississippi]] mengundi untuk menambah perkataan "In God We Trust" ke lambang negara bagian yang membenarkannya sebagai upaya untuk melindungi kebebasan beragama. Perubahan tersebut berlaku pada 1 Juli 2014.<ref name="2014Seal22">{{cite web|author=|date=January 2014|title=Mississippi Religious Freedom Restoration Act; enact and modify the great seal.|url=http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2014/pdf/SB/2600-2699/SB2681PS.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402134106/http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2014/pdf/SB/2600-2699/SB2681PS.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-02|access-date=2014-04-02|work=Senate Bill No. 2681|publisher=[[Mississippi Legislature]]|location=[[Jackson, Miss.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wagster Pettus|first=Emily|date=2014-01-31|title=Miss. Senate OKs adding 'In God We Trust' to seal|work=[[Jackson Free Press]]|url=https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2014/feb/01/miss-senate-oks-adding-god-we-trust-seal/|access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref> Enam tahun kemudian, Gubernur Mississippi [[Tate Reeves]] menandatangani undang-undang yang mengharuskan bendera negara bagian yang berisi lambang pertempuran Konfederasi diganti dengan bendera baru berisi frasa "In God We Trust."<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|last=Knowles|first=Lindsay|date=2020-07-08|title=Satanic Temple threatens lawsuit if 'In God We Trust' appears on new Mississippi flag|url=https://www.wlbt.com/2020/07/08/satanic-temple-threatens-lawsuit-if-god-we-trust-appears-new-mississippi-flag/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[WLBT]]-3|language=en-US}}</ref> Bendera baru yang berisi moto tersebut disetujui oleh para pemilih dalam sebuah referendum, dan itu menjadi bendera resmi negara pada Januari 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-11|title=Mississippi governor signing law for flag without rebel sign|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/mississippi-governor-signing-law-for-flag-without-rebel-sign-flag-mississippi-flag-us-confederate-b1785655.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-04|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}</ref>
==== Adoption of the national motto in state symbols ====
Three states have adopted "In God We Trust" as part of official symbolics of the state.
 
[[File:Map of the US with display of In God we trust.svg|thumb|400px|Peta negara-negara bagian di AS terkait memajang semboyan nasional di gedung sekolah umum dan pemerintahan, hingga Agustus 2021
In [[Florida]], {{Abbr|HB|House Bill}} 1145 provided for adoption of "In God We Trust" as the official state motto, instead of fairly similar "In God Is Our Trust", effective July 1, 2006.<ref name="auto22" /><ref name="myflorida.com22" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 2020 Florida Statutes: 15.0301|url=http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0000-0099/0015/Sections/0015.0301.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Florida Legislature]]|quote=State motto.—"In God We Trust" is hereby designated and declared the official motto of the State of Florida.}}</ref> The motto has also appeared on the [[Seal of Florida]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Seal|url=https://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-state-symbols/state-seal/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Florida Department of State]]}}</ref> and on the [[Flag of Florida]], as the Seal is one of its elements, since 1868.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Flag|url=https://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-state-symbols/state-flag/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Florida Department of State]]}}</ref>
{{legend|#ff0000|Wajib dipajang di sekolah}}
{{legend|#ff6600|Wajib dipajang setidaknya di sebagian gedung pemerintahan}}
{{legend|#ffcc00|Wajib dipajang di sekolah jika mendapat sumbangan berupa salinan semboyan}}
{{legend|#66ff66|Boleh dipajang di sekolah}}
{{legend|#66ffff|Boleh dipajang di gedung pemerintahan}}
 
'''Catatan:''' Florida, Georgia, dan Mississippi menggunakan semboyan nasional di simbol negara bagian masing-masing, sehingga pemajangan ''In God We Trust'' seperti terlihat pada simbol negara bagian diatur oleh hukum berkaitan dengan penggunaannya.
[[Flag of Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia's flag]] features the motto since 2001, which was retained after a redesign two years later.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Whitney|date=2004-03-25|title=Flag of Georgia {{!}} United States state flag|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Georgia-United-States-state-flag|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref>
 
|alt=A map of U.S. states with display of the national motto in public schools and government buildings as of August 2021. Display of the motto is mandated in the schools of Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, South Dakota and Utah (Texas and Ohio also require such display if a copy of the motto is donated); it is allowed in Arizona, Oklahoma, North Dakota, Indiana, and New Hampshire. Michigan, Alabama and South Carolina also allow display in government buildings. Idaho, Kentucky and Arkansas require it in at least some of these, while Mississippi, Georgia and Florida may require insofar as it appears on their state symbols.]]
In [[Mississippi]], the [[Mississippi State Senate|Mississippi Senate]] voted to add the words, "In God We Trust" to the state seal, justifying it as an effort to protect religious freedom. The change was made effective on July 1, 2014.<ref name="2014Seal22">{{cite web|author=|date=January 2014|title=Mississippi Religious Freedom Restoration Act; enact and modify the great seal.|url=http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2014/pdf/SB/2600-2699/SB2681PS.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402134106/http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2014/pdf/SB/2600-2699/SB2681PS.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-02|access-date=2014-04-02|work=Senate Bill No. 2681|publisher=[[Mississippi Legislature]]|location=[[Jackson, Miss.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wagster Pettus|first=Emily|date=2014-01-31|title=Miss. Senate OKs adding 'In God We Trust' to seal|work=[[Jackson Free Press]]|url=https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2014/feb/01/miss-senate-oks-adding-god-we-trust-seal/|access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref> Six years later, Mississippi Governor [[Tate Reeves]] signed into law a bill requiring that the [[Flag of Mississippi|state's flag]], which had contained the [[Flags of the Confederate States of America|Confederate battle emblem]], be replaced with a new one containing the phrase "In God We Trust."<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|last=Knowles|first=Lindsay|date=2020-07-08|title=Satanic Temple threatens lawsuit if 'In God We Trust' appears on new Mississippi flag|url=https://www.wlbt.com/2020/07/08/satanic-temple-threatens-lawsuit-if-god-we-trust-appears-new-mississippi-flag/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[WLBT]]-3|language=en-US}}</ref> A new flag containing the motto was [[2020 Mississippi flag referendum|approved by voters in a referendum]], and it became the official state flag in January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-11|title=Mississippi governor signing law for flag without rebel sign|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/mississippi-governor-signing-law-for-flag-without-rebel-sign-flag-mississippi-flag-us-confederate-b1785655.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-04|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}</ref>[[File:Map of the US with display of In God we trust.svg|thumb|400px|A map of U.S. states with display of the national motto in public schools and government buildings as of August 2021
{{legend|#ff0000|Display in schools mandated}}
{{legend|#ff6600|Display in at least some government buildings mandated}}
{{legend|#ffcc00|Display in schools mandated if a copy of the motto is donated}}
{{legend|#66ff66|Display in schools allowed}}
{{legend|#66ffff|Display in government buildings allowed}}
 
==== Diwajibkan untuk dipajang ====
'''Note.''' Florida, Georgia and Mississippi use the national motto in state symbols, therefore the display of In God We Trust as appearing on state symbols is regulated by laws governing their usage.
* {{bendera|Arkansas}}: Pada bulan Maret 2017, Undang-Undang 911 yang disponsori oleh Anggota DPR Arkansas [[Jim Dotson]] menjadikan semboyan ini persyaratan dalam undang-undang negara bagian Arkansas bagi sekolah negeri untuk memajang poster dengan semboyan nasional, jika poster ini disumbangkan.<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-03-12|title='In God We Trust' Posters to Be Displayed in Arkansas Public Schools|url=https://insider.foxnews.com/2018/03/12/god-we-trust-posters-be-displayed-arkansas-public-schools-after-donations|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603120905/https://insider.foxnews.com/2018/03/12/god-we-trust-posters-be-displayed-arkansas-public-schools-after-donations|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2019-06-03|website=[[Fox News Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Perozek|first=Dave|date=2018-03-11|title=Some Arkansas schools will display 'In God we trust' after posters donated|url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/mar/11/schools-will-display-in-god-we-trust-20/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603120850/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/mar/11/schools-will-display-in-god-we-trust-20/|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]}}</ref> Pada tahun 2019, undang-undang itu kemudian diamendemen untuk mewajibkan pemajangan semboyan nasional secara umum di sekolah negeri, lembaga pendidikan tinggi, dan gedung pemerintah negara bagian, jika dana tersedia untuk tujuan itu.<ref name=":22" />
* {{bendera|Dakota Selatan}}: Pada bulan Maret 2019, Dakota Selatan mewajibkan sekolah negeri untuk memajang semboyan "In God We Trust" di dinding sekolah mulai tahun ajaran 2019-2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Matias|first=Dani|date=2019-07-25|title=South Dakota Public Schools Add 'In God We Trust' Signs To Walls|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/25/744909500/south-dakota-public-schools-add-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-walls|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[National Public Radio]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-24|title='In God We Trust' going up at South Dakota public schools|url=https://apnews.com/article/7fee63ffb2f14a3698815490325a9fc6|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Title: Require the national motto of the United States to be displayed in public schools.|url=https://legiscan.com/SD/text/SB55/id/1945148|url-status=live|access-date=2020-05-16|website=Legiscan}}</ref>
* '{{bendera|Florida}}: Pada awal 2018, Anggota [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Florida]] asal Partai Demokrat [[Kimberly Daniels]] memperkenalkan {{Abbr|HB|House Bill}} 839, sebuah rancangan undang-undang yang mengharuskan sekolah negeri untuk memajang semboyan "In God We Trust" di tempat yang mencolok. Pada 21 Februari 2018, rancangan undang-undang itu disahkan dengan 97 suara setuju berbanding 10 siara tidak setuju.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sterling|first=Joe|title=Florida lawmakers advance a bill that requires 'In God We Trust' displayed on school grounds|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/23/us/florida-in-god-we-trust-legislation-trnd/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113844/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/23/us/florida-in-god-we-trust-legislation-trnd/index.html|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2018-02-24|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2018-02-23|title=Florida lawmakers advance bill that would require 'In God We Trust' to be visible on all school buildings|url=http://www.newsweek.com/florida-lawmakers-give-go-ahead-bill-have-god-we-trust-school-buildings-818745|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224165636/http://www.newsweek.com/florida-lawmakers-give-go-ahead-bill-have-god-we-trust-school-buildings-818745|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Governor [[Rick Scott]] kemudian menandatangani undang-undang itu.<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-03-26|title=Atheist group offers to provide "In God We Trust" signs to Florida public schools|url=https://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/2018/03/26/atheist-group-offers-to-provide-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-florida-public-schools/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603120850/https://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/2018/03/26/atheist-group-offers-to-provide-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-florida-public-schools/|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Tampa Bay Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Balingit|first=Moriah|date=2018-12-01|title=Does 'In God We Trust' belong in schools? More and more states say yes.|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/does-in-god-we-trust-belong-in-schools-more-and-more-states-say-yes/2018/12/01/d846f870-e863-11e8-b8dc-66cca409c180_story.html|access-date=2021-05-25|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Idaho}}: House Concurrent Resolution 32 yang diadopsi pada bulan Maret 2020 mengamanatkan bahwa semboyan nasional ditempatkan di atas kursi ketua dari kedua majelis [[Legislatur Idaho]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 32|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2020/legislation/hcr032/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Idaho State Legislature]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Kentucky}}: Pada tahun 2014, undang-undang yang disahkan mewajibkan pemajangan semboyan nasional di gedung legislatif dan di komite.<ref>{{Cite web|title=7.090 Legislative Research Commission - Kentucky|url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=43315|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Kentucky General Assembly]]}}</ref> Pada bulan Juni 2019, rancangan undang-undang yang disponsori oleh Anggota [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Kentucky]] [[Brandon Reed]] dari [[Hodgenville]] disahkan yang mengharuskan sekolah negeri di Kentucky untuk memajang semboyan di tempat yang menonjol bermula sejak tahun ajaran 2019-2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-27|title=Display of national motto in public elementary and secondary schools -- Reading and posting in public schools of texts and documents on American history and heritage.|url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=48792|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Kentucky General Assembly]]}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Josh|date=2019-09-13|title='In God We Trust': display in Kentucky schools marks effort to mix church and state|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/12/in-god-we-trust-display-in-kentucky-schools-marks-effort-to-mix-church-and-state|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref> Distrik sekolah [[Fayette County Public Schools]] di [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]] memilih membingkai [[Uang kertas 1 dolar Amerika Serikat|uang kertas 1 dolar]] yang menampilkan slogan ini,<ref name=":72" /><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-08-14|title='In God We Trust' found in form of dollar bill at Fayette County schools|url=https://www.wkyt.com/content/news/In-God-We-Trust-found-in-form-of-dollar-bill-at-Fayette-County-school-542607641.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901175508/https://www.wkyt.com/content/news/In-God-We-Trust-found-in-form-of-dollar-bill-at-Fayette-County-school-542607641.html|archive-date=2019-09-01|access-date=2019-09-01|website=[[WKYT]]}}</ref> manakala sekolah-sekolah di [[County LaRue]] memajang gambar penny yang sangat besar sebagai bentuk protes atas kewajiban itu.<ref name=":72" />
* {{bendera|Louisiana}}: Rancangan undang-undang yang mengharuskan pemajangan semboyan ini di sekolah umum diperkenalkan oleh Senator Louisiana Regina Ashford Barrow pada Maret 2018. Rancangan undang-undang itu disahkan dengan suara bulat baik di [[Senat Louisiana]] maupun di [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Louisiana]].<ref name=":82">{{Cite web|last=Rand|first=Brendan|date=2019-08-13|title=Louisiana public schools will display 'In God We Trust' beginning this school year|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/louisiana-public-schools-display-god-trust-beginning-school/story?id=64947756|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[ABC News]]|language=en}}</ref> Rancangan undang-undang itu ditandatangani menjadi undang-undang oleh Gubernur [[John Bel Edwards]] pada Mei 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kelly McCleary|date=2019-08-11|title='In God We Trust' signs to greet Louisiana students in new school year|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/11/us/in-god-we-trust-louisiana-schools/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-05-19|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="abc122">{{Cite web|last=Torres|first=Ella|date=2019-07-26|title=South Dakota public schools now required to display 'In God We Trust' on walls|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/south-dakota-public-schools-now-required-display-god/story?id=64587406|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[ABC News]]|language=en}}</ref> Rancangan undang-undang ini juga mengamanatkan instruksi sekolah perihal "In God We Trust" sebagai bagian dari kurikulum ilmu pengetahuan sosial.<ref name=":82" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=SENATE BILL NO. 224|url=https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1101373|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Louisiana State Legislature]]}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Mississippi}}: Pada bulan Maret 2001, [[Gubernur Mississippi]] [[Ronnie Musgrove]] menandatangani undang-undang yang mewajibkan semboyan "In God We Trust" dipajang di setiap kelas sekolah negeri serta auditorium dan kafetaria sekolah di seluruh Mississippi.<ref>{{cite news|date=2001-03-25|title=National News Briefs; 'In God We Trust' Motto For Mississippi Schools|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/25/us/national-news-briefs-in-god-we-trust-motto-for-mississippi-schools.html|url-status=live|access-date=2017-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222162529/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/25/us/national-news-briefs-in-god-we-trust-motto-for-mississippi-schools.html|archive-date=2017-12-22}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Ohio}}: Ohio mengharuskan sekolah negeri untuk menggantung bahan semboyan "In God We Trust" jika distrik sekolah menerimanya sebagai sumbangan atau jika uang disumbangkan dengan tujuan yang disebutkan untuk membeli bahan tersebut.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-07-17|title=New Ohio Law Requires Schools to Display "In God We Trust"|url=https://www.lc.org/newsroom/details/071706-new-ohio-law-requires-schools-to-display-in-god-we-trust|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Liberty Counsel]]|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108005350/https://www.lc.org/newsroom/details/071706-new-ohio-law-requires-schools-to-display-in-god-we-trust|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Tennessee}}: Pada bulan Maret 2018, rancangan undang-undang yang disponsori Anggota [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Tennessee]] [[Susan Lynn]] yang mengharuskan sekolah-sekolah di Tennessee untuk menampilkan "In God We Trust" secara mencolok disahkan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Tennessee dengan 81 dari 99 anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat menyatakan setuju.<ref>{{cite web|last=Meyer|first=Holly|title=Tennessee lawmakers pass bill requiring public schools to post 'In God We Trust' motto|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/religion/2018/03/21/tennessee-lawmakers-pass-bill-requiring-public-schools-post-god-we-trust-motto/442884002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Tennessean]]}}</ref> Setelah disetujui dengan suara bulat di [[Senat Tennessee|Senat]], rancangan undang-undang ini ditandatangani oleh Gubernur [[Bill Haslam]] menjadi undang-undang pada bulan berikutnya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Constantine|first=Mary|title='In God We Trust' motto now required to be displayed in all Tennessee public schools|url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/education/2018/08/03/god-we-trust-motto-tennessee-public-schools/889966002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Knoxville News Sentinel]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Texas}}: Texas mengizinkan pemajangan semboyan ini di sekolah negeri dan lembaga pendidikan tinggi sejak tahun 2003.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Government Legislature|url=https://ingodwetrust.com/get-involved/government-legislature/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=In God We Trust}}</ref> Rancangan undang-undang yang dicadangkan [[Senat Texas]] tahun 2021 yang mengamanatkan salinan semboyan ini yang disumbangkan untuk digantung di tempat yang mencolok telah disahkan [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Texas]] pada 25 Mei 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bohra|first=Neelam|date=2021-05-24|title=Some Texas schools would be required to hang "In God We Trust" signs under measure nearing passage by lawmakers|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/24/texas-school-signs-legislature/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Texas Tribune]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Herman|first=Ken|date=2021-05-27|title=Herman: Legislature says non-school groups should be allowed to force posting of "In God We Trust"|url=https://www.statesman.com/story/news/columns/2021/05/26/herman-legislature-says-non-school-groups-should-allowed-force-posting-in-god-we-trust/7428751002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-28|website=[[Austin American-Statesman]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Virginia}}: Peraturan yang mewajibkan semua sekolah di Virginia untuk memajang semboyan ini di depan umum ditandatangani menjadi undang-undang pada bulan Mei 2002.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Helderman|first1=Rosalind S.|last2=Samuels|first2=Christina A.|date=2002-06-28|title=Va. Schools Forge Ahead With National Motto|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/06/28/va-schools-forge-ahead-with-national-motto/c1a2521b-73d8-4b54-87b0-7bbd2b30e599/|access-date=2021-05-25|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-05-17|title=2002 Uncodified Acts - Chapter 895|url=https://law.lis.virginia.gov/uncodifiedacts/2002/session1/chapter895/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Virginia General Assembly]]}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Utah}}: Undang-undang Utah untuk mewajibkan sekolah memajang "In God We Trust" di depan umum ditandatangani menjadi undang-undang pada bulan Maret 2002 oleh Gubernur [[Mike Leavitt]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tanner|first=Courtney|date=2019-07-27|title=Utah has required schools to have 'In God We Trust' posted publicly for 17 years|url=https://sltrib.com/news/2019/07/27/utah-has-required-schools|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Undang-undang juga mengamanatkan instruksi sekolah tentang semboyan ini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=53G-10-302. Instruction in American history and government -- Study and posting of American heritage documents.|url=https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53G/Chapter10/53G-10-S302.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Utah Legislature]]}}</ref>
 
==== Diizinkan untuk dipajang ====
|alt=A map of U.S. states with display of the national motto in public schools and government buildings as of August 2021. Display of the motto is mandated in the schools of Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, South Dakota and Utah (Texas and Ohio also require such display if a copy of the motto is donated); it is allowed in Arizona, Oklahoma, North Dakota, Indiana, and New Hampshire. Michigan, Alabama and South Carolina also allow display in government buildings. Idaho, Kentucky and Arkansas require it in at least some of these, while Mississippi, Georgia and Florida may require insofar as it appears on their state symbols.]]
* {{bendera|Alabama}}: Undang-undang tahun 2018 mengizinkan pemajangan semboyan ini di sekolah, perpustakaan, gedung pemerintah, dan di kendaraan penegak hukum.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Schleisman|first=Nicolette|date=2018-08-21|title=New Alabama law allows "In God We Trust" in public schools|url=https://www.wkrg.com/mobile-county/new-alabama-law-allows-in-god-we-trust-in-public-schools/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[WKRG]] News 5|language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Arizona}}: Arizona mengizinkan sekolah negeri untuk memajang semboyan ini di depan umum.<ref name=":22" />
* {{bendera|Carolina Selatan}}: Carolina Selatan mengizinkan subdivisi politik dan sekolah untuk memasang tampilan yang merinci dasar-dasar hukum dan pemerintah Amerika termasuk semboyan nasionalnya sebagai salah satu dari tiga belas dokumen sambil memberikan konteks pada dokumen-dokumen ini dalam istilah yang dirinci oleh undang-undang negara bagian.<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Carolina Code of Laws. Title 10 - Public Buildings and Property|url=https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t10c001.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[South Carolina General Assembly]]}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Dakota Utara}}: Undang-undang Dakota Utara mengizinkan pemajangan semboyan nasional di sekolah negeri.<ref name=":22" />
* {{bendera|Georgia, Amerika Serikat}}: Georgia mengizinkan penggunaan semboyan nasional di sekolah-sekolah dan gedung-gedung pemerintah asalkan memiliki dana untuk membayar pemajangannya.<ref name=":22" />
* {{bendera|Indiana}}: Indiana mengizinkan pemajangan semboyan nasional di sekolah negeri sejak tahun 2005.<ref name=":22" />
* {{bendera|Michigan}}: Michigan mengizinkan dan mendorong pemajangan semboyan ini di dalam dan di luar sekolah negeri serta gedung pemerintah negara bagian dan daerah.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pyeatt|first=Matt|date=2002-01-03|title=Michigan government offices now urged to display 'In God We Trust' - Baptist Press|url=https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/michigan-government-offices-now-urged-to-display-in-god-we-trust/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Baptist Press]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{bendera|New Hampshire}}: {{Abbr|HB|House Bill}} 69 yang diperkenalkan pada bulan April 2021 awalnya diusulkan untuk mewajibkan sekolah memajang semboyan nasional dan negara bagian. Rancangan undang-undang ini disetujui di [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat New Hampshire]] dengan 204 suara setuju berbanding1 169 suara tidak setuju. Rancangan undang-undang ini diamendemen di Senat untuk memungkinkan pemajangan semboyan ini dan disetujui pada 13 Mei 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rayno|first=Garry|date=2021-05-13|title=Senate Sends Bills Changing Public Education To Governor|url=http://indepthnh.org/2021/05/13/senate-sends-bills-changing-public-education-to-governor/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=InDepthNH.org|language=en-US}}</ref> yang disetujui oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat New Hampshire pada bulan berikutnya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-10|title=New Hampshire Legislature protects display of mottos|url=https://apnews.com/article/nh-state-wire-new-hampshire-legislature-57dc2ca53e1b453a968d3f86d8d587a0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-28|website=[[Associated Press]]|language=en}}</ref> Rancangan undang-undang itu ditandatangani menjadi undang-undang oleh Gubernur [[Chris Sununu]] pada 30 Juli 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-30|title=Governor Chris Sununu Signs 23 Bills Into Law, Vetoes 2|url=https://www.governor.nh.gov/news-and-media/governor-chris-sununu-signs-23-bills-law-vetoes-2|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[Governor of New Hampshire]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=DiStaso|first=John|date=2021-08-07|title=NH Primary Source: Democrats, Republicans spar over bill prohibiting restrictions on display of state, national mottos|url=https://www.wmur.com/article/nh-primary-source-democrats-republicans-spar-over-bills-prohibiting-restrictions-on-display-of-state-national-mottos/37226390|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[WMUR]] 9}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Oklahoma}}: Undang-undang disahkan pada tahun 2004 yang memungkinkan sekolah negeri memajang "In God We Trust" dan "E pluribus unum" di ruang kelas, auditorium, dan kafetaria;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bill No. 2477 (An Act relating to schools)|url=http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2003-04%20ENR/hB/HB2477%20ENR.PDF|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Oklahoma Legislature]]}}</ref> Rancangan undang-undang yang dicadangkan [[Senat Oklahoma]] pada tahun 2018 yang mengamanatkan pemajangan seperti itu gagal disetujui di [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Oklahoma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oklahoma SB1016 {{!}} 2018 {{!}} Regular Session|url=https://legiscan.com/OK/bill/SB1016/2018|access-date=2021-05-25|website=LegiScan|language=en}}</ref>
 
==== Dalam pembahasan ====
* {{bendera|Illinois}}: Pada bulan April 2021, proposal yang dicadangkan Anggota [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Illinois]] [[Adam Niemerg]] untuk mengizinkan pemajangan "In God We Trust" di sekolah negeri telah disetujui Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Illinois.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-22|title=Niemerg's "In God We Trust" Legislation Passes Illinois House|url=http://www.thexradio.com/news/78-local-news/49751-niemerg-s-in-god-we-trust-legislation-passes-illinois-house|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Effingham's News and Sports Leader, 979XFM and KJ Country 102.3|language=en-gb}}</ref>
* {{bendera|Oklahoma}}: Pada tahun 2020, [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Oklahoma]] memberikan suara untuk mewajibkan gedung-gedung negara untuk menampilkan semboyan ini,<ref>{{cite web|author=Carmen Forman|date=2020-03-04|title=Oklahoma House approves 'In God We Trust' bill|url=https://oklahoman.com/article/5656492/oklahoma-house-approves-in-god-we-trust-bill|url-status=live|access-date=2020-03-05|website=[[The Oklahoman]]}}</ref> tetapi rancangan undang-undang ini gagal di [[Senat Oklahoma|Senat]] karena terkendala [[pandemi Covid-19 di Oklahoma|pandemi Covid-19]].<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|last=Forman|first=Carmen|title=Oklahoma House speaker wants 'In God We Trust' displayed in state buildings|url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/02/oklahoma-house-speaker-wants-in-god-we-trust-displayed-in-state-buildings/334638007/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Oklahoman]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tahun berikutnya, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Oklahoma memperkenalkan kembali dan meloloskan rancangan undang-undang pada Maret 2021,<ref name=":18" /> sementara Senat menyetujui versi yang memungkinkan tetapi tidak mengharuskan pemajangan semboyan ini moto.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Querry-Thompson|first=Kimberly|date=2021-03-08|title=Oklahoma Senate passes bill to allow 'In God We Trust' on buildings|url=https://kfor.com/news/local/oklahoma-senate-passes-bill-to-allow-in-god-we-trust-on-buildings/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[KFOR-TV|KFOR]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
Selain itu, beberapa pemerintah daerah telah memperkenalkan pemajangan semboyan ini di gedung-gedung pemerintah dan mobil kota.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daniel|first=Rae|date=2015-08-01|title='In God We Trust' stickers placed on Jefferson Co., IL squad cars|url=https://www.kfvs12.com/story/29683669/in-god-we-trust-to-be-placed-on-jefferson-co-il-squad-cars|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801181841/http://www.kfvs12.com/story/29683669/in-god-we-trust-to-be-placed-on-jefferson-co-il-squad-cars|archive-date=2015-08-01|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[KFVS-TV]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015-10-01|title=Atheist Group Asks Police Remove 'In God We Trust' Car Decal|url=http://dailysignal.com/2015/10/01/atheist-group-calls-for-removal-of-in-god-we-trust-police-car-decals-police-chief-says-go-fly-a-kite/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205846/http://dailysignal.com/2015/10/01/atheist-group-calls-for-removal-of-in-god-we-trust-police-car-decals-police-chief-says-go-fly-a-kite/|archive-date=2018-02-25|access-date=2018-02-25|website=[[Daily Signal]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sam|first1=Morgan|date=2019-06-06|title='In God We Trust' decals to be placed on local police, fire vehicles|work=[[The Bakersfield Californian]]|url=https://www.bakersfield.com/news/in-god-we-trust-decals-to-be-placed-on-local/article_fb214930-880a-11e9-9042-03579af67a08.html|url-status=live|access-date=2019-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003302/https://www.bakersfield.com/news/in-god-we-trust-decals-to-be-placed-on-local/article_fb214930-880a-11e9-9042-03579af67a08.html|archive-date=2019-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://ingodwetrustamerica.org/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=In God We Trust America|language=en-US}}</ref> Dewan sekolah juga telah melihat pengenalan moto secara sukarela, terutama setelah [[serangan 11 September]], ketika [[Persatuan Keluarga Amerika Serikat]] memasok beberapa poster berukuran 11 kali 14 inci ke sistem sekolah dan bersumpah untuk membela setiap tantangan hukum atas tampilan mereka.<ref>{{cite news|last=Howlett|first=Debbie|date=2002-02-19|title='In God We Trust' pressed for schools|work=[[USAToday]]|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/02/20/usat-posters.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2013-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111072453/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/02/20/usat-posters.htm|archive-date=2013-11-11}}</ref>
 
== Masyarakat dan budaya ==
[[Berkas:Downtown Siloam Springs, AR 023.jpg|thumb|272x272px|[[Grand Army of the Republic Memorial (Siloam Springs, Arkansas)|Grand Army of the Republic Memorial]] ([[Siloam Springs, Arkansas]]) engraved with the words "{{sc|IN GOD WE TRUST}}"]]
Beberapa sarjana berpendapat bahwa semboyan "In God We Trust" adalah salah satu unsur utama [[agama sipil]] di Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{multiref|For various perspectives on the matter, see:|{{Cite journal|last=Latterell|first=Justin|date=2015-04-21|title=In God We Trust: Abraham Lincoln and America's Deathbed Repentance|journal=Political Theology|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|pages=594–607|doi=10.1558/poth.v12i4.594|doi-access=free}}|{{Cite journal|last=Bellah|first=Robert N.|date=1967|title=Civil Religion in America|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027022|journal=[[Daedalus (journal)|Daedalus]]|volume=96|issue=1|pages=1–21|issn=0011-5266|jstor=20027022}}|{{Cite web|date=1999-10-26|title=In God We Trust: Civil and Uncivil Religion in America|url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/encounter/in-god-we-trust-civil-and-uncivil-religion-in/3560790|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|language=en-AU}}|{{Cite web|last=Fait|first=Stefano|title=Civil Religion|url=https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1519/civil-religion|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Middle Tennessee State University]]|language=en}}|{{Cite journal|last1=Knicely|first1=James J.|last2=Whitehead|first2=John W.|date=2010|title=In God We Trust: The Judicial Establishment of American Civil Religion|url=https://repository.law.uic.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=lawreview|journal=[[John Marshall Law Review]]|volume=43}}|{{Cite journal|last=Coleman|first=John A.|date=1970-07-01|title=Civil Religion|journal=[[Sociology of Religion]]|volume=31|issue=2|pages=75|doi=10.2307/3710057|jstor=3710057|doi-access=free}}}}</ref>
 
=== Agama ===
Dalam [[Agama Yahudi]] dan [[Kekristenan]], semboyan resmi "In God We Trust" tidak ditemukan kata demi kata dalam ayat mana pun dari [[Alkitab]], tetapi frasa ini sangat erat kaitannya dalam Perjanjian Lama {{ayat Alkitab|Mazmur|91|2}} yang berbunyi, "Aku akan berkata tentang TUHAN, Dia adalah perlindunganku dan bentengku: Allahku; kepada-Nya aku akan percaya" dan Perjanjian Baru dalam {{ayat Alkitab|2 Korintus|1|10}} yang berbunyi, "Yang melepaskan kita dari kematian yang begitu besar, dan yang melepaskan: kepada-Nya kita percaya bahwa Dia akan membebaskan kita." Konsep ini diparafrasekan dalam {{ayat Alkitab|Mazmur|118|8}}, {{ayat Alkitab|Mazmur|40|3}}, {{ayat Alkitab|Mazmur|73|28}}, and {{ayat Alkitab|Amsal|29|25}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=In God We Trust: The Motto|url=http://www.allabouthistory.org/in-god-we-trust.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216035526/http://www.allabouthistory.org/in-god-we-trust.htm|archive-date=2013-02-16|access-date=2013-02-26|publisher=All About History}}</ref> Menurut Philip Jenkins, seorang sejarawan agama, beberapa terjemahan Alkitab menerjemahkan Mazmur 56:11 sebagai "Pada Tuhan aku percaya; aku tidak akan takut",<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Scottish Metrical Psalter|url=http://www.cgmusic.org/workshop/smp_frame.htm|access-date=2021-05-29|website=www.cgmusic.org}}</ref> yang dapat menyebabkan penggantian "aku" pertama menjadi "kita".<ref name=":11" />
 
Dalam [[Islam]], [[tawakal]] merujuk kepada konsep keyakinan kepada Tuhan; frasa "kepada Tuhan kami yakin" secara harfiah ditemukan di dua surah, yaitu [[Surah Yunus]] dan {{quran-s|Al-A'raf|7|89}} serta beberapa ayat lainnya yang memperkuat konsep ini.<ref>{{cite web|title=Verses including the word Putting One's Trust in Allah (Tawakkul)|url=http://quranindex.net/kelime.php?id=8603|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007144200/http://quranindex.net/kelime.php?id=8603|archive-date=2016-10-07|access-date=2016-06-16|publisher=Quran Index}}</ref> Sarjana Hindu Amerika Serikat Melkote Ramaswamy menulis bahwa kehadiran frasa "In God We Trust" pada mata uang Amerika Serikat adalah pengingat bahwa Tuhan ada di mana-mana terlepas dari kesadaran tiap orang.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramaswamy|first=Melkote|date=2012-08-11|title=Faith/Values {{pipe}} Indianapolis Star|url=http://www.indystar.com/article/20120811/LIFE04/208110323/In-Hinduism-there-just-one-God-many-forms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019115759/http://www.indystar.com/article/20120811/LIFE04/208110323/In-Hinduism-there-just-one-God-many-forms|archive-date=2014-10-19|access-date=2014-02-04|publisher=indystar.com}}</ref>
 
=== Dalam bodaya populer ===
Teori konspirasi surel yangt beredar pada tahun 2007 menyebutkan bahwa "In God We Trust" sengaja dihilangkan dari uang logam dolar yang baru.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mikkelson|first=David|date=2013-01-01|title=New Dollar Coins and 'In God We Trust'|url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/historic-change/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Snopes]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Uang logam pertama yang diproduksi di bawah [[Uang logam dolar presiden|Presidential $1 Coin Program]] tidak memiliki tulisan "In God We Trust" di sepanjang tepi uang logam (bersamaan dengan tulisan {{lang|la|E Pluribus Unum}}, tahun produksi, dan [[tanda uang logam]]; tidak seperti uang logam dolar biasa, uang logam ini memiliki tepi yang benar-benar kosong), tetapi koin yang dikenal sebagai "dolar tak bertuhan" ini adalah hasil dari kesalahan pencetakan alih-alih kelalaian yang disengaja.<ref>{{cite web|author=David S Morgan|date=2007-03-07|title="Godless" Dollar Coins Slip Through Mint|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/03/07/national/main2543125.shtml?source=RSSattr=HOME_2543125|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424224759/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/03/07/national/main2543125.shtml?source=RSSattr=HOME_2543125|archive-date=2011-04-24|access-date=2010-11-03|website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-07|title=Coins circulating without 'In God We Trust'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17501178|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref>
 
[[Berkas:2008_South_Carolina_license_plate_In_God_We_Trust_000_000.png|thumb|[[Pelat nomor]] opsional "In God We Trust" di South Carolina, dirancang pada tahun 2002|alt="In God We Trust" on the top of the optional license plate of South Carolina, designed in 2002. U.S. and South Carolina's flag appear weaving off a pole in the middle, separating two series of three characters each.]]
Pada bulan Januari 2006, [[Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen]] dan istrinya Jackie menjadi peserta dalam ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' edisi pasangan selebritas [[Hari Kasih Sayang]]. Mereka muncul di acara itu dengan berhasil mencapai pertanyaan £1 juta, sebelum menjawabnya dengan salah dan turun dari £500.000 menjadi hanya £32.000 (kerugian £468.000). Celador mengizinkan Laurence dan istrinya mencoba kembali di acara itu setelah perusahaan itu mengklaim bahwa pertanyaan terakhir tidak memenuhi standar mereka. Pertanyaan yang diduga menyesatkan yaitu, "Diterjemahkan dari bahasa Latin, apa semboyan Amerika Serikat?" Jawaban yang diberikan oleh Laurence ialah "In God We Trust" yang aslinya berbahasa Inggris dan telah menjadi semboyan Amerika Serikat sejak tahun 1956. Jawaban yang dimaksud adalah "One Out of Many" yang merupakan terjemahan dari frasa bahasa Latin {{lang|la|[[E pluribus unum]]}} yang tidak pernah menjadi semboyan resmi Amerika Serikat.<ref name="secondchance22">{{cite news|date=2006-01-13|title=TV designer's second shot at £1m|work=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4608690.stm|url-status=live|access-date=2015-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725015341/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4608690.stm|archive-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
 
=== Plat kendaraan ===
[[Berkas:Mississippi sample plate, 2019.png|thumb|Desain pelat nomor standar di Mississippi saat ini (per tahun 2021). "IN GOD WE TRUST" dapat dilihat di bawah segel negara bagian.|alt=Mississippi current standard plate design (as of 2021). "IN GOD WE TRUST" can be seen at the bottom of the state seal, which is located in the gap between three letters and four numbers of the license plate.]]
Hingga 25 Mei 2021, negara bagian Amerika Serikat yang saat ini menawarkan plat kendaraan "In God We Trust" (edisi biasa dan pribadi): Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Carolina Selatan, Carolina Utara, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Ohio,<ref>{{cite web|title=4503.763 Ohio Battleflag license plates.|url=http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/4503.763|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035758/http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/4503.763|archive-date=2018-05-30|access-date=2018-05-29|website=Ohio Administrative Code|publisher=Lawriter LLC|quote="Ohio Battleflag" license plates shall be inscribed with the words "In God We Trust"}}</ref> Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Virginia Barat, dan Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Project Blitz - "In God We Trust" License Plates|url=https://www.blitzwatch.org/in-god-we-trust-license-plates|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=BlitzWatch|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Parke|first=Caleb|date=2019-01-03|title=Mississippi unveils new state license plates with 'In God We Trust'|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/mississippis-new-license-plates-say-in-god-we-trust|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Fox News]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
Plat standar [[Mississippi]] saat ini menampilkan semboyan ini seperti yang ditampilkan pada [[Lambang Mississippi|lambang negara bagian]],<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-01|title=Mississippi adding 'In God We Trust' on new license plate|url=https://apnews.com/article/09cd7d3c984a43478431840d2280a227|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> manakala [[Utah]] menawarkan plat kendaraan pilihan standar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In God We Trust - Utah|url=https://dmv.utah.gov/plates/united|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Utah Department of Motor Vehicles}}</ref> Florida yang juga menawarkan plat khusus memiliki pilihan untuk menempatkan "In God We Trust" alih-alih [[daftar nama panggilan negara bagian Amerika Serikat|nama panggilan resmi]] atau nama ''[[daftar county di Florida|county]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=License Plates & Registration|url=https://www.flhsmv.gov/motor-vehicles-tags-titles/license-plates-registration/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles|language=en}}</ref> yang juga disediakan oleh Georgia,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Georgia Code :: Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic :: Chapter 2 - Registration and Licensing of Motor Vehicles :: Article 1 - General Provisions :: § 40-2-9. Space for county name decal; display of "In God We Trust" decal in lieu of county name decal|url=https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2019/title-40/chapter-2/article-1/section-40-2-9/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Justia Law|language=en}}</ref> manakala [[Carolina Utara]] menawarkan pilihan dengan semboyan negara bagian Carolina Utara dan "In God We Trust" alih-alih "First in Flight" atau "First in Freedom".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stradling|first=Richard|date=2019-07-01|title='In God We Trust' now an option on your next North Carolina license plate|work=[[The News & Observer]]|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/article232138912.html|access-date=2021-05-25}}</ref>
 
=== Jajak pendapat ===
Menurut jajak pendapat bersama tahun 2003 oleh ''[[USA Today]]'', [[CNN]], dan [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]], 90% orang Amerika Serikat mendukung pemajangan "In God We Trust" pada uang logam Amerika Serikat,<ref name="Poll22" /> tetapi jajak pendapat mahasiswa terbaru pada tahun 2019 oleh ''College Pulse'' yang dibuat untuk ''[[The College Fix]]'' menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari setengah mahasiswa mendukung penyertaan semboyan nasional dalam mata uang, dengan dua pertiga dari mereka yang mengaku mendukung Partai Demokrat menentang pemajangan semboyan ini dan 94% dari mereka yang mengaku mendukung Partai Republik menyetujui pemajangan semboyan ini.<ref name=":32" />
 
== Kontroversi ==
"In God We Trust" telah lama menjadi kontroversi sebagai semboyan resmi karena penentang menganggap semboyan ini sebagai pernyataan agama dan karenanya bertentangan dengan [[pemisahan agama dan negara]]. Organisasi sekuler dan ateis seperti [[American United for Separation of Church and State]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sokol|first=Samantha|date=2020-07-02|title=Mississippi Trades Confederate Emblem For 'In God We Trust' On State Flag|url=https://www.au.org/blogs/mississippi-new-flag|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Americans United for Separation of Church and State|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite web|last=Boston|first=Rob|date=2019-01-25|title=If 'In God We Trust' Isn't Really A Religious Statement, Then What Exactly Is It?|url=https://www.au.org/blogs/wall-of-separation/if-in-god-we-trust-isnt-really-a-religious-statement-then-what-exactly-is|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Americans United for Separation of Church and State|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214801/https://www.au.org/blogs/wall-of-separation/if-in-god-we-trust-isnt-really-a-religious-statement-then-what-exactly-is|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Freedom From Religion Foundation]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nachreiner-Mackesey|first=Bailey|title=TAKE ACTION: "In God We Trust" bill has passed the Ill. House - Freedom From Religion Foundation|url=https://ffrf.org/news/action/item/38783-take-action-in-god-we-trust-bill-has-passed-the-ill-house|access-date=2021-05-31|website=ffrf.org|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nachreiner-Mackesey|first=Bailey|title=Take Action: N.H. lawmakers advance 'In God We Trust' in schools - Freedom From Religion Foundation|url=https://ffrf.org/news/action/item/38715-take-action-n-h-lawmakers-advance-in-god-we-trust-in-schools|access-date=2021-05-31|website=ffrf.org|language=en-gb}}</ref> serta anggota [[Kuil Setan]],<ref name=":17" /> semuanya menentang dimasukkannya semboyan ini. Di sisi lain, [[Project Blitz]] serta organisasi konservatif dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat telah melobi untuk adopsi lebih lanjut.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Project Blitz - "In God We Trust" Displays in Schools|url=https://www.blitzwatch.org/in-god-we-trust-school-displays|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=BlitzWatch|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Taylor|first=David|date=2019-01-14|title='In God We Trust' - the bills Christian nationalists hope will 'protect religious freedom'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/14/christian-nationalists-bills-religious-freedom-project-blitz|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref>
 
Para pendukungnya secara luas berargumentasi untuk memasukkan semboyan nasional di lebih banyak pengaturan dengan mendasarkannya pada doa umum kepada Tuhan yang mereka katakan sekarang telah menjadi unsur agama sipil dan harus mengungkapkan kehendak para pendiri negara yang percaya pada Tuhan.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":16" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Foster|first=Thomas A.|date=2011-11-09|title="In God We Trust" or "E Pluribus Unum"? The American Founders Preferred the Latter Motto {{!}} Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective|url=https://origins.osu.edu/history-news/god-we-trust-or-e-pluribus-unum-american-founders-preferred-latter-motto|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Oregon State University]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Is This Significant?|url=https://ingodwetrust.com/about/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=In God We Trust|language=en}}</ref> Di sisi lain, para penentang berpendapat bahwa semboyan ini tidak hanya melanggar jiwa sekuler Amerika Serikat, tetapi juga menentukan jenis dan jumlah sesembahan (jika ada) untuk diyakini.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":20" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Avery|first=Daniel|date=2019-08-06|title=Where does "In God We Trust" come from? National motto appearing in public schools across America|url=https://www.newsweek.com/god-we-trust-motto-south-dakota-1452797|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Newsweek]]|language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Proses pengadilan ===
Sifat konstitusional frasa "In God We Trust" telah berulang kali ditegakkan menurut penafsiran hukum dari akomodasionisme yang penganutnya menyatakan bahwa praktik yang mengakar ini secara historis tidak menghadirkan kesulitan konstitusional, tidak memaksa, dan tidak lebih memilih satu denominasi agama daripada lainnya.<ref name="Views22">{{cite book|author=Richard H. Fallon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vonnZcMHs8kC&pg=PA60|title=The Dynamic Constitution: an Introduction to Americans Constitutional Law|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-60078-1|page=60|quote="Strict separationists" believe that the government has no business supporting religious beliefs or institutions in any way – for example, by providing tax breaks to churches, assisting parochial schools, including prayers or benedictions in public ceremonies, or inscribing "In God We Trust" on the currency. Religious accommodationists can well explain why certain entrenched social practices (such as the inscription of "In God We Trust" on the currency) were not historically perceived as presenting constitutional difficulties: The relevant practices are not coercive and do not prefer one narrow sect over another.|access-date=2016-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118232121/https://books.google.com/books?id=vonnZcMHs8kC&pg=PA60|archive-date=2016-11-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam ''[[Zorach v. Clauson]]'' (1952), [[Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat|Mahkamah Agung]] juga menulis bahwa lembaga-lembaga negara mengandaikan adanya Yang Maha Kuasa dan bahwa pengakuan pemerintah terhadap [[Tuhan]] bukanlah menegakkan pendirian gereja negara seperti yang dimaksudkan oleh para penulis Konstitusi untuk dilarang.<ref name="ABA22">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gymQ6vWfA3QC&q=Zorach+v.+Clauson+++In+God+We+Trust&pg=PA817|title=ABA Journal Sep 1962|date=September 1962|quote=Much more recently, in 1952, speaking through Mr. Justice Douglas in ''Zorach v. Clauson'', 343 U.S. 306, 313, the Supreme Court repeated the same sentiments, saying: We are a religious people whose institutions presuppose a Supreme Being. Mr. Justice Brewer in the ''Holy Trinity'' case, ''supra'', mentioned many of these evidences of religion, and Mr. Justice Douglas in the ''Zorach'' case referred to&nbsp;... [P]rayers in our legislative halls; the appeals to the Almighty in the messages of the Chief Executive; the proclamation making Thanksgiving Day a holiday; "So help me God" in our courtroom oaths – these and&nbsp;... other references to the Almighty&nbsp;... run through our laws, our public rituals, our ceremonies&nbsp;... the supplication with which the Court opens each session: "God save the United States and this Honorable Court" (312–313). To this list may be added tax exemption of churches, chaplaincies in the armed forces, the "Pray for Peace" postmark, the widespread observance of Christmas holidays, and, in classrooms, singing the fourth stanza of ''America'' which is prayer invoking the protection of God, and the words "in God is our trust" as found in the National Anthem, and the reciting of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, modified by an Act of Congress of June 14, 1954, to include the words "under God.|access-date=2016-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119065015/https://books.google.com/books?id=gymQ6vWfA3QC&pg=PA817&dq=Zorach+v.+Clauson+++In+God+We+Trust#v=onepage&q=Zorach%20v.%20Clauson%20%20%20In%20God%20We%20Trust&f=false|archive-date=November 19, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengadilan juga mengandalkan gagasan "[[deisme seremonial]]" (sebagaimana ditakrifkan dalam perbedaan pendapat [[William J. Brennan Jr.]] di ''[[Lynch v. Donnelly]]''),<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Merriam|first1=Jesse|last2=Lupu|first2=Ira|last3=Elwood|first3=F.|last4=Davis|first4=Eleanor|last5=Tuttle|first5=Robert|last6=R.|first6=David|last7=Kirschner|first7=Sherry|date=2008-08-28|title=On Ceremonial Occasions, May the Government Invoke a Deity?|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2008/08/28/on-ceremonial-occasions-may-the-government-invoke-a-deity/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> yaitu bahwa ada rujukan agama yang telah menjadi sekuler dan dengan demikian konstitusional melalui penggunaan berulang dan kebiasaan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Thorne|first=M.|date=Sep 2003|title=The Tangled Web of Ceremonial Deism|url=https://www.libertymagazine.org/article/the-tangled-web-of-ceremonial-deism|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Liberty Magazine]]}}</ref> Sementara penentang putusan itu berpendapat bahwa gagasan [[Thomas Jefferson]] tentang tembok pemisah antara agama dan negara melarang bantuan apa pun baik langsung maupun tidak langsung kepada lembaga agama mana pun, dan oleh karena itu putusan apa pun yang bertentangan bertentangan dengan maksud Pendiri Negara, pandangan pemisahan ini telah tidak mendapatkan tempat yang signifikan dalam pengaturan peradilan.<ref name="Views22" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=JONES|first=RICHARD H.|date=1989|title="In God We Trust" and the Establishment Clause|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23916922|journal=Journal of Church and State|volume=31|issue=3|pages=381–417|doi=10.1093/jcs/31.3.381|jstor=23916922|issn=0021-969X|via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref>
 
Meskipun tidak secara langsung terkait dengan semboyan ini, ''[[Engel v. Vitale]]'' menimbulkan banyak spekulasi tentang masa depan pemajangan "In God We Trust" di muka umum. Dalam putusannya, Mahkamah Agung membatalkan undang-undang [[New York]] yang mendorong sekolah umum untuk membacakan doa seperti yang tertulis dalam undang-undang negara bagian dengan alasan [[Amendemen Pertama Konstitusi Amerika Serikat|Amendemen Pertama]]. Putusan itu memicu kemarahan yang luas dan sangat tidak populer pada saat itu bahkan ketika hampir semua hakim selaras dalam putusan itu.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal|last=Lain|first=Corinna Barrett|date=2015|title=God, Civic Virtue, and the American Way: Reconstructing Engel|url=https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2153&context=law-faculty-publications|journal=[[Stanford Law Review]]|volume=67}}</ref> Hampir 80% orang Amerika Serikat tidak menyetujui keputusan tersebut, menurut jajak pendapat oleh [[Gallup]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lyons|first=Linda|date=2002-12-10|title=The Gallup Brain: Prayer in Public Schools|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/7393/Gallup-Brain-Prayer-Public-Schools.aspx|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-31|website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]|language=en}}</ref> Anggota Kongres takut bahwa "In God We Trust" akan dihilankan dari uang logam dan kertas,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-28|title=THE SUPREME COURT DECISION ON PRAYER IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/28/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-5.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=12226}}</ref> perasaan serupa juga dimiliki oleh presiden Persatuan Advokat Amerika Serikat saat itu John C. Salterfield.<ref name=":02" /> Senator Partai Demokrat [[Sam Ervin]] dari Carolina Utara bertanya-tanya apakah Tuhan dinyatakan inkonstitusional oleh keputusan itu.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1962-06-26|title=The Supreme Court decision on prayer in public schools of New York|url=https://www.congress.gov/87/crecb/1962/06/26/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt9-3.pdf|journal=Congressional Record - Senate|pages=11709}}</ref> Anggota Kongres mencoba mengarahkan dana federal untuk membeli Alkitab bagi hakim Mahkamah Agung dan mengusulkan amendemen konstitusi yang mengizinkan doa sekolah, tetapi kedua langkah itu gagal.<ref name=":21" /> Putusan serupa pada tahun berikutnya di ''[[Abington Township v. Schempp]]'' mendorong para senator untuk mencoba memaksa Mahkamah Agung menggantung semboyan nasional di ruang sidang yang juga tidak berhasil.<ref name=":02" />
 
Meskipun Mahkamah Agung tidak pernah secara langsung memutuskan sifat konstitusional "In God We Trust",<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Dunn|first=Christopher|date=2015-10-02|title=Column: The Pope, Invoking God, and New York Courtrooms (New York Law Journal)|url=https://www.nyclu.org/en/publications/column-pope-invoking-god-and-new-york-courtrooms-new-york-law-journal|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=[[New York Civil Liberties Union]]|language=en|quote=The Supreme Court has never ruled on any aspect of government use of "In God We Trust," and the phrase appears only as an aside in a few of the Court's opinions.}}</ref> beberapa [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat|pengadilan tinggi federal tingkat banding]] dan beberapa pengadilan negara bagian telah memutuskan sifat konstitusional semboyan ini serta Mahkamah Agung sendiri tampaknya tidak mempermasalahkan kalimat yang tertulis pada uang logam dan kertas.<ref name=":1" />
 
''[[Aronow v. United States]]'' adalah kasus pertama yang menentang ditampilkannya "In God We Trust" pada mata uang Amerika Serikat.<ref name="AronowUS22">{{cite court|litigants=Aronow v. United States|court=9th Cir.|reporter=F.2d|vol=432|opinion=242|pinpoint=243|date=1970-10-06|url=http://openjurist.org/432/f2d/242/aronow-v-united-states|no=23444}}</ref> Bagian dari undang-undang yang ditentang oleh gugatan ("tulisan 'In God we Trust'... akan muncul di semua uang kertas dan logam Amerika Serikat", {{USC|31|324a}})<ref name="AronowUS22" /> berlaku dan [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah Kesembilan|Wilayah Kesembilan Pengadilan Tinggi Federal]] menyatakan, "penggunaannya [semboyan] adalah watak patriotik atau seremonial dan tidak memiliki kemiripan yang nyata dengan sponsor pemerintah dari ritual keagamaan". Dalam ''[[O'Hair v. Blumenthal]]'' (1978), [[Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Barat Texas]] juga membuat putusan serupa. Putusan serupa dicapai pada banding ke [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah Kelima|Wilayah Kelima Pengadilan Tinggi Federal]] pada tahun 1979 yang menegaskan bahwa tujuan utama slogan itu sekuler.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Duncan|first=Ann W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6kZHs0yG5sC&q=Church-state+Issues+in+America+Today|title=Church-state Issues in America Today|date=2007-12-30|publisher=Praeger Publishers|isbn=978-0-275-99367-2|volume=1|location=[[Westport, Connecticut|Westport, Ct.]]|pages=88|language=en}}</ref> Putusan itu ditegaskan kembali lewat putusan kasus ''[[Gaylor v. United States]]'' di [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah Kesepuluh|Wilayah Kesepuluh Pengadilan Tinggi Federal]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=1996-01-23|title=GAYLOR v. UNITED STATES|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-10th-circuit/1343475.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
Serangkaian tuntutan hukum yang mencoba melarang pemajangan "In God We Trust" diajukan [[Michael Newdow]] dengan dukungan [[Freedom From Religion Foundation]]. Michael dikenal karena kasus sebelumnya ''[[Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow]]'' ketika Wilayah Kesembilan Pengadilan Tinggi Federal mengeluarkan keputusan menghapus "under God" (di bawah Tuhan) dari [[Ikrar Kesetiaan]] (keputusan itu dibatalkan Mahkamah Agung). Seorang hakim federal di [[California]] menolak alasannya dalam putusan pada Juni 2006 dan kesimpulan yang sama diputuskan Wilayah Kesembilan Pengadilan Tinggi Federal. Karena Mahkamah Agung menolak [[certiorari|surat perintah]], keputusan pengadilan banding yang mengatakan bahwa semboyan nasional bersifat patriotik atau seremonial tidak memiliki dampak teologis atau ritualistik dan bukan merupakan sponsor pemerintah untuk kegiatan keagamaan, tetap tidak berubah dan berlaku.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Egelko|first=Bob|date=2011-03-08|title='In God We Trust' suit rejected by Supreme Court|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|url=http://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/In-God-We-Trust-suit-rejected-by-Supreme-Court-2471527.php|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213222045/https://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/In-God-We-Trust-suit-rejected-by-Supreme-Court-2471527.php|archive-date=2018-02-13}}</ref> Gugatan yang diajukan oleh Michael dan Freedom from Religion Foundation pada tahun 2013 di New York juga gagal, baik di pengadilan dan banding ke Wilayah Kedua Pengadilan Tinggi Federal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lawsuit to remove 'In God We Trust' from money gets dismissed - KSL.com|url=http://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=1016&sid=26823999&fm=most_popular|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224232917/https://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=1016&sid=26823999&fm=most_popular|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2018-02-24|work=ksl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Volokh|first=Eugene|date=2014-05-28|title="In God We Trust" on currency +violate the First Amendment or the Religious Freedom Restoration Act|work=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/05/28/in-god-we-trust-on-currency-doesnt-violate-the-first-amendment-or-the-religious-freedom-restoration-act/|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref> Gugatan dari pihak yang sama kembali diajukan di Ohio pada tahun 2016 juga ditolak oleh [[Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Utara Ohio]] dan [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah Keenam|Wilayah Keenam Pengadilan Tinggi Federal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Doe Child #1 v. Congress of the United States, No. 16-4345 (6th Cir. 2018)|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca6/16-4345/16-4345-2018-05-29.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Justia Law|language=en}}</ref> Gugatan serupa juga diajukan di [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah Kedelapan|Wilayah Kedelapan Pengadilan Tinggi Federal]] tetapi tidak diajukan Michael.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=David L. Hudson|title=8th Circuit: "In God We Trust" on money is constitutional|url=https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/post/177/8th-circuit-in-god-we-trust-on-money-is-constitutional|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=[[Middle Tennessee State University]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Stempel|first=Jonathan|date=2018-08-28|title=U.S. court rejects atheists' appeal over 'In God We Trust' on money|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-religion-motto-idUSKCN1LD24K|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref>
==== Mandating display ====
* '''[[Arkansas]]''': In March 2017, Act 911, sponsored by state Representative [[Jim Dotson]], made it a requirement of Arkansas state law for public schools to display posters with the national motto, if these were donated.<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-03-12|title='In God We Trust' Posters to Be Displayed in Arkansas Public Schools|url=https://insider.foxnews.com/2018/03/12/god-we-trust-posters-be-displayed-arkansas-public-schools-after-donations|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603120905/https://insider.foxnews.com/2018/03/12/god-we-trust-posters-be-displayed-arkansas-public-schools-after-donations|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2019-06-03|website=[[Fox News Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Perozek|first=Dave|date=2018-03-11|title=Some Arkansas schools will display 'In God we trust' after posters donated|url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/mar/11/schools-will-display-in-god-we-trust-20/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603120850/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/mar/11/schools-will-display-in-god-we-trust-20/|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]}}</ref> In 2019, the law was later amended to require public display of the national motto in public schools, higher education institutions and state government buildings, if funds are available for that purpose.<ref name=":22" />
* '''[[Florida]]''': In early 2018, [[Kimberly Daniels]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] who served as a representative for the [[Florida House of Representatives]], introduced {{Abbr|HB|House Bill}} 839, a bill that requires public schools to display the motto "In God We Trust" in a conspicuous place. On February 21, 2018, the bill passed 97 to 10 in the House.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sterling|first=Joe|title=Florida lawmakers advance a bill that requires 'In God We Trust' displayed on school grounds|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/23/us/florida-in-god-we-trust-legislation-trnd/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113844/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/23/us/florida-in-god-we-trust-legislation-trnd/index.html|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2018-02-24|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2018-02-23|title=Florida lawmakers advance bill that would require 'In God We Trust' to be visible on all school buildings|url=http://www.newsweek.com/florida-lawmakers-give-go-ahead-bill-have-god-we-trust-school-buildings-818745|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224165636/http://www.newsweek.com/florida-lawmakers-give-go-ahead-bill-have-god-we-trust-school-buildings-818745|archive-date=2018-02-24|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Governor [[Rick Scott]] then signed the mandate into law.<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-03-26|title=Atheist group offers to provide "In God We Trust" signs to Florida public schools|url=https://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/2018/03/26/atheist-group-offers-to-provide-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-florida-public-schools/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603120850/https://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/2018/03/26/atheist-group-offers-to-provide-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-florida-public-schools/|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Tampa Bay Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Balingit|first=Moriah|date=2018-12-01|title=Does 'In God We Trust' belong in schools? More and more states say yes.|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/does-in-god-we-trust-belong-in-schools-more-and-more-states-say-yes/2018/12/01/d846f870-e863-11e8-b8dc-66cca409c180_story.html|access-date=2021-05-25|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
* '''[[Idaho]]''': House Concurrent Resolution 32, adopted in March 2020, mandates that the national motto be placed over the chairs of presiding officers of both chambers of [[Idaho Legislature]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 32|url=https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2020/legislation/hcr032/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Idaho State Legislature]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''[[Kentucky]]''': In 2014, a law was passed that obliged display of the national motto in legislative buildings and in committees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=7.090 Legislative Research Commission - Kentucky|url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=43315|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Kentucky General Assembly]]}}</ref> In June 2019, a bill sponsored by state Representative [[Brandon Reed]] of [[Hodgenville, Kentucky|Hodgenville]] was passed that required Kentucky public schools to display the motto "in a prominent location", beginning from the 2019-20 school year.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-27|title=Display of national motto in public elementary and secondary schools -- Reading and posting in public schools of texts and documents on American history and heritage.|url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=48792|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Kentucky General Assembly]]}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Josh|date=2019-09-13|title='In God We Trust': display in Kentucky schools marks effort to mix church and state|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/12/in-god-we-trust-display-in-kentucky-schools-marks-effort-to-mix-church-and-state|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref> To protest the requirement, [[Fayette County Public Schools (Kentucky)|Fayette County Public Schools]], a school district which serves [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]], complied by posting framed [[United States one-dollar bill|one-dollar bills]], which bear the slogan,<ref name=":72" /><ref>{{cite web|date=2019-08-14|title='In God We Trust' found in form of dollar bill at Fayette County schools|url=https://www.wkyt.com/content/news/In-God-We-Trust-found-in-form-of-dollar-bill-at-Fayette-County-school-542607641.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901175508/https://www.wkyt.com/content/news/In-God-We-Trust-found-in-form-of-dollar-bill-at-Fayette-County-school-542607641.html|archive-date=2019-09-01|access-date=2019-09-01|website=[[WKYT]]}}</ref> while in [[LaRue County, Kentucky|LaRue County]], of which Hodgenville is seat, schools were using oversized images of [[Penny (United States coin)|pennies]].<ref name=":72" />
* '''[[Louisiana]]''': A bill requiring public display of the motto in public schools was introduced by state Senator [[Regina Ashford Barrow]] in March 2018. It was passed unanimously both in the [[Louisiana State Senate|Senate]] (33 to 0) and in the [[Louisiana House of Representatives|House]] (93 to 0).<ref name=":82">{{Cite web|last=Rand|first=Brendan|date=2019-08-13|title=Louisiana public schools will display 'In God We Trust' beginning this school year|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/louisiana-public-schools-display-god-trust-beginning-school/story?id=64947756|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[ABC News]]|language=en}}</ref> It was signed into law by Governor [[John Bel Edwards]] in May that year.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kelly McCleary|date=2019-08-11|title='In God We Trust' signs to greet Louisiana students in new school year|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/11/us/in-god-we-trust-louisiana-schools/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-05-19|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="abc122">{{Cite web|last=Torres|first=Ella|date=2019-07-26|title=South Dakota public schools now required to display 'In God We Trust' on walls|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/south-dakota-public-schools-now-required-display-god/story?id=64587406|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[ABC News]]|language=en}}</ref> The bill also mandated school instruction about "In God We Trust" as part of the social studies curriculum.<ref name=":82" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=SENATE BILL NO. 224|url=https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1101373|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Louisiana State Legislature]]}}</ref>
* '''[[Mississippi]]''': In March 2001, [[Governor of Mississippi]] [[Ronnie Musgrove]] signed legislation requiring the motto "In God We Trust" to be displayed in every [[Public school (government funded)|public school]] classroom, as well as the school auditoriums and cafeterias, throughout the state.<ref>{{cite news|date=2001-03-25|title=National News Briefs; 'In God We Trust' Motto For Mississippi Schools|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/25/us/national-news-briefs-in-god-we-trust-motto-for-mississippi-schools.html|url-status=live|access-date=2017-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222162529/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/25/us/national-news-briefs-in-god-we-trust-motto-for-mississippi-schools.html|archive-date=2017-12-22}}</ref>
* '''[[Ohio]]''': Ohio requires public schools to hang a "In God We Trust" motto material if school districts receives it as donation, or if money is donated with the stated purpose of buying such materials.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-07-17|title=New Ohio Law Requires Schools to Display "In God We Trust"|url=https://www.lc.org/newsroom/details/071706-new-ohio-law-requires-schools-to-display-in-god-we-trust|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Liberty Counsel]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''[[South Dakota]]''': In March 2019, South Dakota required public schools to prominently display "In God We Trust" motto on their walls, starting from 2019-20 school year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Matias|first=Dani|date=2019-07-25|title=South Dakota Public Schools Add 'In God We Trust' Signs To Walls|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/25/744909500/south-dakota-public-schools-add-in-god-we-trust-signs-to-walls|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[National Public Radio]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-24|title='In God We Trust' going up at South Dakota public schools|url=https://apnews.com/article/7fee63ffb2f14a3698815490325a9fc6|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Title: Require the national motto of the United States to be displayed in public schools.|url=https://legiscan.com/SD/text/SB55/id/1945148|url-status=live|access-date=2020-05-16|website=Legiscan}}</ref>
* '''[[Tennessee]]''': In March 2018, a bill sponsored by state Representative [[Susan Lynn]], which requires Tennessee schools to prominently display "In God We Trust" passed the state [[Tennessee House of Representatives|House]] with 81 of the 99 members voting in favor of it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Meyer|first=Holly|title=Tennessee lawmakers pass bill requiring public schools to post 'In God We Trust' motto|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/religion/2018/03/21/tennessee-lawmakers-pass-bill-requiring-public-schools-post-god-we-trust-motto/442884002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Tennessean]]}}</ref> After being approved unanimously in the [[Tennessee Senate|Senate]], it was signed by Governor [[Bill Haslam]] into law the following month.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Constantine|first=Mary|title='In God We Trust' motto now required to be displayed in all Tennessee public schools|url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/education/2018/08/03/god-we-trust-motto-tennessee-public-schools/889966002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Knoxville News Sentinel]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
*'''[[Texas]]''': Texas allowed display of the motto in public schools and higher education institutions since 2003.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Government Legislature|url=https://ingodwetrust.com/get-involved/government-legislature/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=In God We Trust}}</ref> A 2021 [[Texas Senate|Senate]] bill to mandate donated copies of the motto to be hung in a "conspicuous place" has passed the [[Texas House of Representatives]] on May 25, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bohra|first=Neelam|date=2021-05-24|title=Some Texas schools would be required to hang "In God We Trust" signs under measure nearing passage by lawmakers|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/24/texas-school-signs-legislature/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Texas Tribune]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Herman|first=Ken|date=2021-05-27|title=Herman: Legislature says non-school groups should be allowed to force posting of "In God We Trust"|url=https://www.statesman.com/story/news/columns/2021/05/26/herman-legislature-says-non-school-groups-should-allowed-force-posting-in-god-we-trust/7428751002/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-28|website=[[Austin American-Statesman]]|language=en-US}}</ref> It was signed by the Governor on June 16 that year.
* '''[[Virginia]]''': A regulation that obliges all Virginia schools to publicly display the motto was signed into law in May 2002.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Helderman|first1=Rosalind S.|last2=Samuels|first2=Christina A.|date=2002-06-28|title=Va. Schools Forge Ahead With National Motto|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/06/28/va-schools-forge-ahead-with-national-motto/c1a2521b-73d8-4b54-87b0-7bbd2b30e599/|access-date=2021-05-25|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-05-17|title=2002 Uncodified Acts - Chapter 895|url=https://law.lis.virginia.gov/uncodifiedacts/2002/session1/chapter895/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Virginia General Assembly]]}}</ref>
* '''[[Utah]]''': Utah's law to oblige schools to publicly display "In God We Trust" was signed into law in March 2002 by Governor [[Mike Leavitt]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tanner|first=Courtney|date=2019-07-27|title=Utah has required schools to have 'In God We Trust' posted publicly for 17 years|url=https://sltrib.com/news/2019/07/27/utah-has-required-schools|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The law also mandates school instruction about the motto.<ref>{{Cite web|title=53G-10-302. Instruction in American history and government -- Study and posting of American heritage documents.|url=https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53G/Chapter10/53G-10-S302.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Utah Legislature]]}}</ref>
 
Pada tahun 2015, hakim negara bagian New Jersey [[David F. Bauman]] menolak kasus terhadap [[Distrik Sekolah Regional Matawan-Aberdeen]] yang diajukan oleh seorang siswa dari distrik itu dan [[Persatuan Humanis Amerika Serikat]] yang berpendapat bahwa frasa "di bawah Tuhan" dalam Ikrar Kesetiaan menciptakan iklim diskriminasi karena mempromosikan agama sehingga membuat orang yang tidak percaya agama menjadi warga kelas dua.<ref>{{cite web|author=Salvador Rizzo|title=Hearing 'Under God' in Pledge of Allegiance does not violate rights of atheist students, NJ judge rules|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/hearing-under-god-in-pledge-of-allegiance-does-not-violate-rights-of-atheist-students-nj-judge-rules-1.1332137|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310061721/http://www.northjersey.com/news/hearing-under-god-in-pledge-of-allegiance-does-not-violate-rights-of-atheist-students-nj-judge-rules-1.1332137|archive-date=2016-03-10|access-date=2016-02-29|work=NorthJersey.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015-02-07|title=Judge Refuses To Kick God Out Of Public Schools|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/02/07/judge-refuses-to-kick-god-out-of-public-schools/#11e06914435f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229082828/http://www.forbes.com/sites/maureensullivan/2015/02/07/judge-refuses-to-kick-god-out-of-public-schools/#11e06914435f|archive-date=2016-02-29|access-date=2016-02-29|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Ia menyebut, "sebagai masalah tradisi sejarah, kata-kata 'di bawah Tuhan' tidak bisa lagi dihapus dari kesadaran nasional daripada kata-kata 'In God We Trust' dari setiap uang logam di negara ini, daripada kata-kata 'jadi tolong aku Tuhan' dari setiap sumpah presiden sejak tahun 1789, atau dari doa yang telah dibuka setiap sesi bisnis legislatif Kongres sejak tahun 1787."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-04|title=AMERICAN HUMANIST ASSOCIATION v. 176|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/nj-superior-court/1700792.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref>
==== Allowing display ====
 
Selain itu, beberapa pengadilan telah sepakat bahwa pemajangan "In God We Trust" di bangunan umum tidak melanggar [[Klausa Pendirian]]. [[Mahkamah Agung New Hampshire]] dan [[Pengadilan Tinggi Federal Amerika Serikat untuk Wilayah Keempat|Wilayah Keempat Pengadilan Tinggi Federal]] menerbitkan putusan terkait ini untuk sekolah umum dengan pengadilan federal tingkat banding yang sama memperdebatkan hal yang sama untuk kantor pemerintah daerah.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1967-04-06|title=Opinion of the Justices, 108 N.H. 97|url=https://casetext.com/case/opinion-of-the-justices-496|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=casetext.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lambeth v. Board of Commr's of Davidson County|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/2005813418f3d3951778|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Leagle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LAMBETH v. BOARD OF COMMR'S OF DAVIDSON COUNTY {{!}} 407 F.3d 266 {{!}} 4th Cir. {{!}} Judgment {{!}} Law {{!}} CaseMine|url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/591474e4add7b049343a767e|access-date=2021-06-01|website=www.casemine.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Douglas|first=Davison M.|author-link=Davison M. Douglas|date=2012-07-08|title=National Motto ''In God We Trust''|url=https://uscivilliberties.org/themes/4191-national-motto-in-god-we-trust.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Civil Liberties in the United States|language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Alabama]]:''' A 2018 law allows display of the motto in schools, libraries, government buildings, and on law enforcement vehicles.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Schleisman|first=Nicolette|date=2018-08-21|title=New Alabama law allows "In God We Trust" in public schools|url=https://www.wkrg.com/mobile-county/new-alabama-law-allows-in-god-we-trust-in-public-schools/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[WKRG]] News 5|language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''[[Arizona]]''': Arizona allows public display of the motto in public schools.<ref name=":22" />
* '''[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]''': Georgia allows for usage of the national motto in schools and government buildings, provided they have funds for pay for its display.<ref name=":22" />
* '''[[Indiana]]''': Indiana allows display of the national motto in public schools since 2005.<ref name=":22" />
* '''[[Michigan]]''': Michigan allows and encourages the display of the motto in and on public schools as well as state and local government buildings.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pyeatt|first=Matt|date=2002-01-03|title=Michigan government offices now urged to display 'In God We Trust' - Baptist Press|url=https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/michigan-government-offices-now-urged-to-display-in-god-we-trust/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Baptist Press]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
*'''[[New Hampshire]]''': {{Abbr|HB|House Bill}} 69, introduced in April 2021, initially proposed to require schools to display the national and state motto's, and passed the [[New Hampshire House of Representatives|House]] 204-169. It was amended in the Senate to allow publication of the mottos and approved on May 13, 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rayno|first=Garry|date=2021-05-13|title=Senate Sends Bills Changing Public Education To Governor|url=http://indepthnh.org/2021/05/13/senate-sends-bills-changing-public-education-to-governor/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=InDepthNH.org|language=en-US}}</ref> which was approved by the House the following month.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-10|title=New Hampshire Legislature protects display of mottos|url=https://apnews.com/article/nh-state-wire-new-hampshire-legislature-57dc2ca53e1b453a968d3f86d8d587a0|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-28|website=[[Associated Press]]|language=en}}</ref> The bill was signed into law by Governor [[Chris Sununu]] on July 30, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-30|title=Governor Chris Sununu Signs 23 Bills Into Law, Vetoes 2|url=https://www.governor.nh.gov/news-and-media/governor-chris-sununu-signs-23-bills-law-vetoes-2|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[Governor of New Hampshire]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=DiStaso|first=John|date=2021-08-07|title=NH Primary Source: Democrats, Republicans spar over bill prohibiting restrictions on display of state, national mottos|url=https://www.wmur.com/article/nh-primary-source-democrats-republicans-spar-over-bills-prohibiting-restrictions-on-display-of-state-national-mottos/37226390|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[WMUR]] 9}}</ref>
* '''[[North Dakota]]''': North Dakota statute allows display of the national motto in public schools.<ref name=":22" />
* '''[[Oklahoma]]''': A bill was passed in 2004 that allowed public schools to display "In God We Trust" and "E Pluribus Unum" in classrooms, auditoriums and cafeterias;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bill No. 2477 (An Act relating to schools)|url=http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2003-04%20ENR/hB/HB2477%20ENR.PDF|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[Oklahoma Legislature]]}}</ref> a 2018 [[Oklahoma Senate|Senate]] bill to mandate such display died in the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives|House]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oklahoma SB1016 {{!}} 2018 {{!}} Regular Session|url=https://legiscan.com/OK/bill/SB1016/2018|access-date=2021-05-25|website=LegiScan|language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[South Carolina]]''': South Carolina allows political subdivisions and schools to post a display detailing the foundations of the American law and government, of which the national motto is one of thirteen documents, while providing context to these documents in terms detailed by the state statute.<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Carolina Code of Laws. Title 10 - Public Buildings and Property|url=https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t10c001.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[South Carolina General Assembly]]}}</ref>
 
Sementara upaya menghilangkan penggunaan "In God We Trust" sebagian besar tidak membuahkan hasil, dalam ''[[Wooley v. Maynard]]'', Mahkamah Agung membatalkan undang-undang New Hampshire yang mengamanatkan bahwa setiap orang membawa semboyan negara di plat kendaraan mereka, dengan catatan bahwa negara tidak bisa menggunakan barang milik pribadi mereka sebagai 'papan iklan seluler' untuk pesan ideologis negara. Dalam ''[[obiter dictum|obiter dicta]]'', kebanyakan pengadilan setuju bahwa gugatan "In God We Trust" ini tidak boleh ditafsirkan sebagai dasar untuk menantang sifat konstitusional semboyan pada mata uang Amerika Serikat, yang menurut mereka bukan sesuatu yang terkait langsung dengan pemiliknya atau dibuat untuk dipajang.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WOOLEY v. MAYNARD (1977) No. 75-1453|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/430/705.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref>
==== Legislation pending ====
 
== Penggunaan di negara lain ==
* '''[[Illinois]]''': A 2021 proposal by Representative [[Adam Niemerg]] to permit display of "In God We Trust" in public schools has passed the [[Illinois House of Representatives]] in April 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-22|title=Niemerg's "In God We Trust" Legislation Passes Illinois House|url=http://www.thexradio.com/news/78-local-news/49751-niemerg-s-in-god-we-trust-legislation-passes-illinois-house|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=Effingham's News and Sports Leader, 979XFM and KJ Country 102.3|language=en-gb}}</ref> and is being deliberated upon by the [[Illinois Senate|state Senate]] as of August 2021.
Padanan [[bahasa Spanyol]] dari "In God We Trust", {{lang|es|En Dios Confiamos}}, adalah semboyan tidak resmi Republik Nikaragua. Ungkapan tersebut dapat dilihat pada sebagian besar uang logam Nikaragua.<ref name=":9" />
* '''Oklahoma''': In 2020, the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives]] voted to oblige state buildings to display the motto,<ref>{{cite web|author=Carmen Forman|date=2020-03-04|title=Oklahoma House approves 'In God We Trust' bill|url=https://oklahoman.com/article/5656492/oklahoma-house-approves-in-god-we-trust-bill|url-status=live|access-date=2020-03-05|website=[[The Oklahoman]]}}</ref> however, the bill died in the [[Oklahoma Senate|Senate]] due to the disruption caused by [[COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma|COVID-19]].<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|last=Forman|first=Carmen|title=Oklahoma House speaker wants 'In God We Trust' displayed in state buildings|url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/02/oklahoma-house-speaker-wants-in-god-we-trust-displayed-in-state-buildings/334638007/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[The Oklahoman]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The following year, the House reintroduced and passed the same bill in March 2021,<ref name=":18" /> while the Senate approved a version that would allow but not require the display of the motto.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Querry-Thompson|first=Kimberly|date=2021-03-08|title=Oklahoma Senate passes bill to allow 'In God We Trust' on buildings|url=https://kfor.com/news/local/oklahoma-senate-passes-bill-to-allow-in-god-we-trust-on-buildings/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=[[KFOR-TV|KFOR]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Both bills are being proceeded as of August 2021.
 
Selain itu, frase telah digunakan dalam pengaturan heraldik. Pada tahun 1860, frasa tersebut dimasukkan dalam lambang New Westminster, British Columbia, dan tetap ada sejak saat itu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-10-07|title=Coat of Arms|url=http://www.city.new-westminster.bc.ca/symbols.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007110804/http://www.city.new-westminster.bc.ca/symbols.htm|archive-date=2006-10-07|access-date=2021-05-29|website=City of New Westminster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=City Symbols|url=https://www.newwestcity.ca/city_hall/media/city_symbols.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-01|website=City of New Westminster|language=EN}}</ref> Juga, sampai tahun 1997, moto heraldik Brighton, Inggris adalah padanan Latin dari frasa, {{lang|la|In Deo Fidemus}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stock Photo – The coat of arms of Brighton with Motto: 'IN DEO FIDEMUS' – We trust in God on wall, Brighton, East Sussex, England UK in April|url=https://www.alamy.com/the-coat-of-arms-of-brighton-with-motto-in-deo-fidemus-we-trust-in-god-on-wall-brighton-east-sussex-england-uk-in-april-image179873295.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603073442/https://www.alamy.com/the-coat-of-arms-of-brighton-with-motto-in-deo-fidemus-we-trust-in-god-on-wall-brighton-east-sussex-england-uk-in-april-image179873295.html|archive-date=2019-06-03|access-date=2019-06-03|website=Alamy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Carder|first=Tim|date=1990|title=Arms and motto - Encyclopedia of Brighton|url=https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/topics/corporation-and-council/corporation-and-council-4|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-29|language=en|via=My Brighton and Hove}}</ref>
In addition to that, several local governments have introduced the display of the motto in government buildings and municipal cars.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daniel|first=Rae|date=2015-08-01|title='In God We Trust' stickers placed on Jefferson Co., IL squad cars|url=https://www.kfvs12.com/story/29683669/in-god-we-trust-to-be-placed-on-jefferson-co-il-squad-cars|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801181841/http://www.kfvs12.com/story/29683669/in-god-we-trust-to-be-placed-on-jefferson-co-il-squad-cars|archive-date=2015-08-01|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[KFVS-TV]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2015-10-01|title=Atheist Group Asks Police Remove 'In God We Trust' Car Decal|url=http://dailysignal.com/2015/10/01/atheist-group-calls-for-removal-of-in-god-we-trust-police-car-decals-police-chief-says-go-fly-a-kite/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205846/http://dailysignal.com/2015/10/01/atheist-group-calls-for-removal-of-in-god-we-trust-police-car-decals-police-chief-says-go-fly-a-kite/|archive-date=2018-02-25|access-date=2018-02-25|website=[[Daily Signal]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sam|first1=Morgan|date=2019-06-06|title='In God We Trust' decals to be placed on local police, fire vehicles|work=[[The Bakersfield Californian]]|url=https://www.bakersfield.com/news/in-god-we-trust-decals-to-be-placed-on-local/article_fb214930-880a-11e9-9042-03579af67a08.html|url-status=live|access-date=2019-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003302/https://www.bakersfield.com/news/in-god-we-trust-decals-to-be-placed-on-local/article_fb214930-880a-11e9-9042-03579af67a08.html|archive-date=2019-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://ingodwetrustamerica.org/|access-date=2021-05-25|website=In God We Trust America|language=en-US}}</ref> School boards have also seen voluntary introduction of the motto, particularly after the [[September 11 attacks]], when the [[American Family Association]] supplied several 11-by-14-inch posters to school systems and vowed to defend any legal challenges to their display.<ref>{{cite news|last=Howlett|first=Debbie|date=2002-02-19|title='In God We Trust' pressed for schools|work=[[USAToday]]|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/02/20/usat-posters.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2013-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111072453/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/02/20/usat-posters.htm|archive-date=2013-11-11}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==