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'''Persamaan Maxwell–Faraday''' adalah generalisasi Hukum Faraday dan membentuk satu dari empat [[persamaan Maxwell]].
[[Kategori: ElektrodinamikaFisika]] ▼== Hukum Faraday ==
=== Bunyi pernyataan ===
Hukum Faraday menyatakan:
{{Quotation|Gaya gerak listrik terinduksi pada rangkaian tertutup sama dengan negatif rate perubahan [[fluks magnetik]] terhadap waktu di dalam rangkaian.<ref name="Jordan & Balmain (1968)">"Faraday's Law, which states that the electromotive force around a closed path is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of magnetic flux enclosed by the path"{{cite book|last=Jordan|first= Edward|last2=Balmain|first2=Keith G.|title = Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems|url=https://archive.org/details/electromagneticw00jord_157|edition = 2nd|page = [https://archive.org/details/electromagneticw00jord_157/page/n113 100]|publisher = Prentice-Hall|date = 1968}}</ref><ref name="Hayt (1989)">"The magnetic flux is that flux which passes through any and every surface whose perimeter is the closed path"{{cite book|last = Hayt|first = William|title = Engineering Electromagnetics|url = https://archive.org/details/engineeringelect5thhayt|edition = 5th|page = [https://archive.org/details/engineeringelect5thhayt/page/312 312]|isbn = 0-07-027406-1|publisher = McGraw-Hill|date = 1989}}</ref>}}
Hukum Faraday ini hanya berlaku ketika rangkaian tertutup adalah loop kawat yang sangat tipis.<ref name=Feynman/>
=== Perumusan ===
Hukum induksi Faraday dilambangkan dengan [[fluks magnetik]] Φ<sub>''B''</sub> melalui permukaan hipotesis Σ dengan pembatasnya adalah loop kawat. Karena loop kawat dapat bergerak, maka dituliskan sebagai Σ(''t''). Fluks magnetik didefinisikan dengan [[integral permukaan]]:
::<math> \Phi_B = \iint\limits_{\Sigma(t)} \mathbf{B}(\mathbf{r}, t) \cdot d \mathbf{A}\, </math>
dengan ''d'''''A''' adalah elemen luas permukaan dari permukaan bergerak Σ(''t''), '''B''' adalah [[medan magnetik]], dan '''B'''·''d'''''A''' adalah [[perkalian vektor|perkalian vektor dot]]. Fluks magnetik melalui loop kawat berbanding lurus dengan [[garis medan|garis medan magnet]] yang lewat melalui loop.
Ketika fluks berubah karena '''B''' berubah, maka Hukum Faraday mengatakan bahwa loop kawat akan mendapat [[gaya gerak listrik]], <math>\mathcal{E}</math>, didefinisikan sebagai energi yang ada dari muatan yang telah mengelilingi loop kawat.<ref name=Feynman/><ref name=Griffiths2>{{cite book|author=Griffiths, David J.|title=Introduction to Electrodynamics|url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/013805326X/ref=sib_dp_pt/104-2951702-6987112#reader-link|edition=Third|pages=301–303|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=1999|location=Upper Saddle River NJ|isbn=0-13-805326-X}}</ref><ref>Tipler and Mosca, ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers'', p795, [http://books.google.com/books?id=R2Nuh3Ux1AwC&pg=PA795 google books link]</ref><ref>Tiap buku teks bisa memberikan definisi yang berbeda-beda. The set of equations used throughout the text was chosen to be compatible with the special relativity theory.</ref> Equivalently, it is the voltage that would be measured by cutting the wire to create an [[Electric circuit|open circuit]], and attaching a [[voltmeter]] to the leads.
Hukum Faraday juga menyatakan bahwa gaya gerak listrik sama dengan perubahan fluks magnetik tiap waktu:
:<math>\mathcal{E} = -{{d\Phi_B} \over dt} \ </math>,
dengan<math>\mathcal{E}</math> adalah [[gaya gerak listrik]] (EMF) dan Φ<sub>''B''</sub> adalah [[fluks magnetik]]. Arah gaya gerak listrik dituliskan dalam [[Hukum Lenz's]].
Untuk kawat yang terdiri dari ''N'' lilitan yang identik, Hukum Faraday menyatakan bahwa<ref>Essential Principles of Physics, P.M. Whelan, M.J. Hodgeson, 2nd Edition, 1978, John Murray, ISBN 0-7195-3382-1</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Nave|first=Carl R.|title=Faraday's Law|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/farlaw.html|work=HyperPhysics|publisher=Georgia State University|accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref>
:<math> \mathcal{E} = -N {{d\Phi_B} \over dt} </math>
dengan ''N'' adalah jumlah lilitan kawat dan Φ<sub>''B''</sub> adalah fluks magnet pada loop tunggal.
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|3}}
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=vAsJAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:a+intitle:treatise+intitle:on+intitle:electricity+intitle:an+intitle:magnetism&cad=0_1#v=onepage&q&f=false Maxwell, James Clerk (1881), ''A treatise on electricity and magnetism, Vol. II'', Chapter III, §530, p. 178.] Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-486-60637-6.
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/java/electromagneticinduction/index.html A simple interactive Java tutorial on electromagnetic induction] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
* [http://www.physics.smu.edu/~vega/em1304/lectures/lect13/lect13_f03.ppt R. Vega ''Induction: Faraday's law and Lenz's law'' - Highly animated lecture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530092914/http://www.physics.smu.edu/~vega/em1304/lectures/lect13/lect13_f03.ppt |date=2008-05-30 }}
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/hframe.html Notes from Physics and Astronomy HyperPhysics at Georgia State University]
* [http://usna.edu/Users/physics/tank/Public/FaradaysLaw.pdf Tankersley and Mosca: ''Introducing Faraday's law''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617020014/http://usna.edu/Users/physics/tank/Public/FaradaysLaw.pdf |date=2012-06-17 }}
* [http://www.phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/Induction.htm A free java simulation on motional EMF]
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▲[[Kategori:Elektrodinamika]]
[[Kategori:Michael Faraday]]
[[Kategori:Persamaan Maxwell]]
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