Anne Rice: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{penjelasan singkat|Penulis Amerika Serikat (1941–2021)}}
{{Infobox writer
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== Kehidupan masa kecil ==
=== New Orleans dan Texas ===
Anne Rice lahir sebagai anak kedua dan keempat anak perempuan di [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], pada 4 Oktober 1941 dari pasangan [[Katolik]] [[Irlandia-Amerika Serikat|Irlandia]] Howard O'Brien dan Katherine "Kay" Allen O'Brien.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|title=Anne Rice|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006101829/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Rice|archive-date=October 6, 2021|access-date=October 3, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3562792/Anne-Rice-interview-with-the-vampire-writer.html|title=Anne Rice: interview with the vampire writer|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=November 2, 2008|access-date=September 11, 2010|first=Stuart|last=Husband|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213042527/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3562792/Anne-Rice-interview-with-the-vampire-writer.html|archive-date=December 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayahnya yang menjadi veteran Angkatan Laut [[Perang Dunia II]] dan penduduk seumur hidup New Orleans bekerja sebagai eksekutif personalia di [[Jawatan Pos Amerika Serikat]] dan menulis sebuah novel berjudul ''The Impulsive Imp'' yang diterbitkan selepas kematiannya.<ref name="Father Obit" /><ref name="Imp review">{{cite web|title=THE IMPULSIVE IMP by Howard O'Brien|url=http://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/indie/howard-obrien/the-impulsive-imp/#review|publisher=Kirkus Reviews|access-date=June 10, 2012}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Chamber Imp">{{cite web|last=Rice|first=Anne|title=The Impulsive Imp|url=http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Imp.html|publisher=Anne Rice|work=AnneRice.com|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716185217/http://www.annerice.com/Chamber-Imp.html|archive-date=July 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kakaknya, [[Alice Borchardt]], kemudian menjadi penulis novel fantasi dan [[percintaan sejarah]].<ref name="obit">"{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-aug-03-me-borchardt3-story.html |title=Alice Borchardt, 67; author wrote historical romance novels in second career after nursing |first=Mary |last=Rourke |website=Los Angeles Times |date=August 3, 2007 |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>
Anne menghabiskan sebagian besar masa mudanya di New Orleans yang menjadi latar dari banyak karyanya. Ia dan keluarganya tinggal di rumah kontrakan nenek dari pihak ibu, Alice Allen, yang dikenal sebagai "Mamma Allen", di 2301 St. Charles Avenue di [[Irish Channel]], yang menurut Rice secara luas dianggap sebagai "Ghetto Katolik".<ref name=Busted>{{cite web|last=McGarvey|first=Bill|title=Busted: Anne Rice|date=November 22, 2005|url=http://www.bustedhalo.com/features/busted-anne-rice/2|publisher=Busted Halo|access-date=June 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722014053/http://bustedhalo.com/features/busted-anne-rice/2|archive-date=July 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Frommer's">{{cite web|title=Special-Interest Sightseeing: Anne Rice's New Orleans|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/neworleans/0020020185.html|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|access-date=June 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322032212/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/neworleans/0020020185.html|archive-date=March 22, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Katherine yang mulai bekerja sebagai pembantu rumah tangga tak lama setelah berpisah dari suaminya yang pecandu alkohol merupakan pengaruh awal yang penting dalam kehidupan Anne, menjaga keluarga dan rumah tangga tetap kokoh saat ibu dari Anne semakin tenggelam dalam alkoholisme. Katherine meninggal pada tahun 1949, tetapi keluarga Howard tetap tinggal di rumahnya sampai tahun 1956, ketika mereka pindah ke 2524 St. Charles Avenue, yang merupakan bekas pastoran, biara, dan sekolah milik paroki, agar lebih dekat dengan gereja dan berupaya menyemangati Katherine yang kecanduan alkohol.{{sfn|Ramsland|1991|pp=34–35}} Semasa kecil, Anne bersekolah di St. Alphonsus School, sebuah lembaga Katolik tempat ayahnya bersekolah.<ref name="Busted" />
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Keluarga Rice pindah kembali ke San Francisco pada tahun 1962 yang mengalami kelahiran gerakan [[hippie]] secara langsung saat mereka tinggal di distrik [[Haight-Ashbury]] yang akan segera menjadi dongeng, [[Berkeley, California|California]], dan kemudian [[The Castro, San Francisco|Distrik Castro]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0723351/bio|title=Anne Rice|website=IMDb|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215202/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0723351/bio|archive-date=July 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne mnegatakan kepada ''[[The New York Times]]'', "Saya orang yang benar-benar konservatif, di tengah Haight-Ashbury pada dasawarsa 1960-an, saya mengetik sementara semua orang menumpahkan asam dan merokok ganja. Saya dikenal sebagai kotak saya sendiri."<ref name=Kellerman>{{cite news|last=Kellerman|first=Stewart|title=Other Incarnations Of the Vampire Author|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/07/books/other-incarnations-of-the-vampire-author.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|access-date=June 30, 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 7, 1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524225924/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/07/books/other-incarnations-of-the-vampire-author.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|archive-date=May 24, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne berkuliah di [[Universitas Negara Bagian San Francisco]] dan memperoleh gelar [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] dalam bidang [[ilmu politik]] pada tahun 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |title=An Interview with Anne Rice |website=San Francisco State University |date=2006 |access-date=December 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153329/http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |archive-date=November 19, 2011}}</ref> Anak perempuan mereka bernama Michele yang kemudian dijuluki "Mouse" lahir dari pasangan itu pada 21 September 1966 dan Anne kemudian menghentikan pendidikan pascasarjananya di Universitas Negara Bagian San Francisco untuk menjadi calon Ph.D. di [[Universitas California, Berkeley]]. Ia segera kecewa dengan penekanan kepada kritik sastra dan persyaratan bahasa. Dalam perkataan Anne, "Saya ingin menjadi penulis, bukan mahasiswa sastra."<ref name="smalltalk" />
== Karier kepenulisan ==
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=== ''Interview with the Vampire'' ===
Pada tahun 1973, saat masih berduka karena kehilangan putrinya (1966–1972), Anne mengambil cerita pendek yang ditulis sebelumnya dan [[fix-up|mengubahnya]] menjadi novel pertamanya berjudul ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' yang laris. Ia mendasarkan vampirnya kepada tokoh [[Gloria Holden]] dalam ''[[Dracula's Daughter]]'' dengan mengatakan, "Bagi saya ''Interview with the Vampire'' menetapkan apa itu vampir, yaitu orang-orang yang elegan, tragis, dan peka ini. Saya benar-benar hanya mengikuti perasaan itu ketika menulis ''Interview With the Vampire''. Saya tidak melakukan banyak penelitian apa pun."<ref name="Daily Beast">{{cite news|last=Stern|first=Marlow|title=Anne Rice on Sparkly Vampires, 'Twilight,' 'True Blood,' and Werewolves|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/23/anne-rice-on-sparkly-vampires-twilight-true-blood-and-werewolves.html|work=Book Beast|publisher=The Newsweek/Daily Beast Company LLC|date=November 23, 2011|access-date=August 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725055318/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/23/anne-rice-on-sparkly-vampires-twilight-true-blood-and-werewolves.html|archive-date=July 25, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah menuntaskan novel itu dan mendapat banyak penolakan dari penerbit, Anne menderita [[gangguan obsesif
=== Karya lain ===
== Penerimaan dan analisis ==
Setelah memulai debutnya pada tahun 1976, ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'' menerima banyak ulasan negatif dari para pengkritik, sehingga Anne mundur sementara dari genre supernatural. Ketika ''[[The Vampire Lestat]]'' memulai debutnya pada tahun 1985, tanggapan dari kritikus maupun pembaca lebih positif, dan edisi sampul keras pertama buku ini terjual 75.000 buku. Setelah diterbitkan pada tahun 1988, versi sampul keras awal ''[[The Queen of the Damned]]'' dicetak sebanyak 405.000 buku.<ref name="Ferraro" /> Novel ini adalah pilihan utama dari [[Persekutuan Sastra Amerika]] untuk tahun 1988 dan mencapai posisi #1 di [[daftar The New York Times Best Seller]] dan bertahan di daftar itu selama lebih dari empat bulan.<ref name="Ferraro" /><ref name=Hunter>{{cite book|last=Hunter|first=Jeffrey W.|title=Contemporary Literary Criticism|volume=128|date=2000|publisher=Gale Cengage|isbn=0787632031}}</ref>
Novel Rice diterima dengan baik oleh banyak anggota komunitas [[LGBT+]], beberapa anggota di antaranya menganggap tokoh vampirnya sebagai simbol [[alegori]] dari isolasi dan keterasingan sosial.<ref name="Ferraro" /> Demikian pula, seorang pengulas menulis untuk ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' mengamati bahwa vampir dari novel-novelnya mewakili "yang berjalan teralienasi, orang-orang dari kita yang, karena pilihan atau tidak, berdiam di pinggiran."{{sfn|Day|2002|p=43}} Mengenai masalah ini, Anne sendiri berkomentar, "Sejak awal, saya memiliki penggemar gay, dan pembaca gay yang merasa bahwa karya saya melibatkan alegori gay yang berkelanjutan ... Saya tidak berniat melakukan itu, tetapi itulah yang mereka rasakan. Jadi, bahkan ketika Christopher adalah seorang sayang, saya memiliki pembaca gay dan teman gay dan mengenal orang gay, dan tinggal di distrik Castro di San Francisco, yang merupakan lingkungan gay."<ref name=NPR />
Rice's writings have also been identified as having had a major impact on later developments within the genre of [[Vampire literature|vampire fiction]].{{sfn|Day|2002|p=43}} "Rice turns vampire conventions inside out," wrote Susan Ferraro of ''[[The New York Times]]''. "Because Rice identifies with the vampire instead of the victim (reversing the usual focus), the horror for the reader springs from the realization of the monster within the self. Moreover, Rice's vampires are loquacious philosophers who spend much of eternity debating the nature of good and evil."<ref name="Ferraro"/>
In addition, Rice's writing style has been heavily analyzed.<ref name="Hunter" /> Ferraro, in a statement typical of many reviewers, described Rice's prose as "florid, both lurid and lyrical, and full of sensuous detail". However, others have criticized her writing style as both verbose and overly philosophical.<ref name="Hunter"/> Author William Patrick Day comments that her writing is often "long, convoluted, and imprecise".{{sfn|Day|2002|p=45}} ''The New York Times'' critic [[Michiko Kakutani]] wrote that "Anne Rice has what might best be described as a Gothic imagination crossed with a campy taste for the decadent and the bizarre."<ref name="Kakutani">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/19/books/books-of-the-times-vampire-for-out-times.html|title=Books of the Times; Vampire for Out Times|first=Michiko|last=Kakutani|author-link=Michiko Kakutani|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 19, 1985|access-date=May 20, 2020|page=16|url-access=limited|archive-date=October 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015235431/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/19/books/books-of-the-times-vampire-for-out-times.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Kehidupan pribadi ==
=== Kembali ke New Orleans dan memeluk Katolik ===
In June 1988, following the success of ''The Vampire Lestat'' and with ''The Queen of the Damned'' about to be published, the Rices purchased a second home in New Orleans, the Brevard–Rice House, built in 1857 for Albert Hamilton Brevard. Stan took a leave of absence from his teaching, and together they moved to New Orleans. Within months, they decided to make it their permanent home.
Rice returned to the Catholic Church in 1998 after decades of [[atheism]]. On December 14, 1998, she fell into a coma, later determined to be caused by [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] (DKA), and nearly died.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/DrJohnson/story?id=127735|work=ABC|title=Anne Rice Says Diabetes Nearly Killed Her|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=June 26, 2004|access-date=January 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202011939/http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/DrJohnson/story?id=127735|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> She was later diagnosed with [[diabetes mellitus type 1]], and was [[insulin]]-dependent.<ref>[http://www.annerice.com/msg020199.htm Anne Rice telephone message to fans about diabetic coma] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220443/http://www.annerice.com/msg020199.htm |date=September 26, 2011 }} ''annerice.com,'' February 1, 1999.</ref><ref>Burke, Anne. [http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html "An Interview with Anne Rice"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153329/http://www.sfsu.edu/~sfsumag/archive/spring_06/rice.html |date=November 19, 2011 }} ''SFSU Magazine Online,'' Spring 2006.</ref><ref>Ayres, Chris. [http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article6905136.ece "The conversation: Anne Rice"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422180701/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article6905136.ece |date=April 22, 2011 }} ''The Sunday Times,'' December 7, 2009.</ref> In 2003, following the recommendation of her husband and carried out shortly after his death, Rice underwent [[gastric bypass surgery]] and shed 103 pounds.<ref>[http://www.annerice.com/ph20030217.htm Anne Rice telephone message to fans about gastric bypass surgery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926220503/http://www.annerice.com/ph20030217.htm |date=September 26, 2011 }} ''annerice.com,'' February 17, 2003.</ref><ref>Adato, Allison. [http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20149013,00.html "Chapter Two: In a Newly Trim Body, Author Anne Rice Is Starting a New Life—One Without Her Beloved Husband or Favorite Vampire"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330062021/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20149013,00.html |date=March 30, 2011 }} ''People Magazine,'' Vol. 60, No. 25, December 22, 2003.</ref>
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=== California ===
After leaving New Orleans, Rice settled first in [[La Jolla]], California. In November 2005, she described the weather in La Jolla as "like heaven."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2005/10/30/the-gospel-according-to-anne.html |title=The Gospel According to Anne |website=[[Newsweek]]|date=October 30, 2005|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126083305/http://www.newsweek.com/2005/10/30/the-gospel-according-to-anne.html|archive-date=January 26, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051103/news_lz1c03rice.html|title=Anne Rice's rebirth|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=November 3, 2005|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119174839/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051103/news_lz1c03rice.html|archive-date=November 19, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> However, she left La Jolla less than a year after moving there, stating in January 2006 that the weather was too cold.<ref>Showley, Roger M. (January 11, 2006). [http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20060111-9999-1m11rice.html "Author Rice puts her La Jolla home up for sale for $11.5 million"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510223513/http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20060111-9999-1m11rice.html |date=May 10, 2012 }}. ''[[U-T San Diego]]''.</ref> She purchased a six-bedroom home in [[Rancho Mirage, California]] in late 2005 and moved there in 2006, allowing her to be closer to her son in Los Angeles.<ref name="PEInterview">Dean, Jennifer (December 12, 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091216071515/https://www.pe.com/localnews/rivcounty/stories/PE_News_Local_S_webrice.3a134da.html "Q&A with Anne Rice on 'Angel Time'"]. ''The Press-Enterprise''. Retrieved December 13, 2009.</ref><ref name="MovingToCali">{{cite web|last=Beale|first=Lauren|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-may-12-la-hm-hotprop-rice-20100511-story.html|title=Anne Rice puts Rancho Mirage home on the market|work=[[LA Times]]|date=May 12, 2010|access-date=December 12, 2021|url-status=live}}
On July 18, 2010, Rice auctioned off her large collection of antique dolls<ref>{{youTube|id=Z4QXDxp1SGo|title=Anne Rice Doll Collection}}, ''annerice.com YouTube channel,'' November 22, 2008</ref> at Thierault's in Chicago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingresources/a/annriceinterview.htm|title="Celebrated Author Anne Rice Discusses Her Beloved Doll Collection And Its Sale," ''About.com''|author=Denise Van Patten|work=About|access-date=June 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606194305/http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingresources/a/annriceinterview.htm|archive-date=June 6, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Beginning in mid-2010 and continuing through early 2011, Rice also began auctioning off her household possessions, collectibles featured in her many books, jewelry, and wardrobe on [[eBay]].<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news|last=Kellogg|first=Carolyn|title=Going fast: Anne Rice's Ebay auction|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/anne-rices-ebay-auction.html|work=Los Angeles Times Blog|publisher=Tribune Company|access-date=July 3, 2012|date=March 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210105806/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/03/anne-rices-ebay-auction.html|archive-date=December 10, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> She also sold a large portion of her library collection to [[Powell's Books]].<ref name=PortlandBusiness>{{cite news|last=Giegerich|first=Andy|title=Powell's Books buys Anne Rice collection|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2010/10/26/powells-books-buys-anne-rice-collection.html|access-date=July 1, 2012|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=October 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316234044/http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2010/10/26/powells-books-buys-anne-rice-collection.html|archive-date=March 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
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== Kematian ==
Anne meninggal dunia karena komplikasi stroke di sebuah rumah sakit di [[Rancho Mirage]], [[California]] pada 11 Desember 2021, dua bulan selepas ulang tahunnya ke-80.<ref name=NYT-obituary /><ref name=Seattle-Times-obituary>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/anne-rice-author-of-gothic-novels-dead-at-80/|title = Anne Rice, author of gothic novels, dead at 80|work=[[Associated Press]]|date = December 12, 2021 | access-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref
== Alih wahana ==
=== Film ===
In 1994, [[Neil Jordan]] directed a [[Interview with the Vampire (film)|motion picture adaptation of ''Interview with the Vampire'']], based on Rice's own screenplay. The movie starred [[Tom Cruise]] as [[Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat]], [[Brad Pitt]] as the guilt-ridden [[Louis de Pointe du Lac|Louis]], and a young [[Kirsten Dunst]] in her breakout role as the deceitful child vampire [[Claudia (The Vampire Chronicles)|Claudia]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (1994)|date = November 11, 1994|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110148/?ref_=nv_sr_2|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129112855/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110148/?ref_=nv_sr_2|archive-date=November 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
A second film adaptation, ''[[Queen of the Damned (film)|Queen of the Damned]],'' was released in February 2002, starring [[Stuart Townsend]] as the vampire Lestat and singer [[Aaliyah]] as [[List of The Vampire Chronicles characters#Akasha|Akasha]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Queen of the Damned (2002)|date=February 22, 2002|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238546/?ref_=nv_sr_8|access-date=August 3, 2017|archive-date=December 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230144719/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238546/?ref_=nv_sr_8|url-status=live}}</ref> The movie combined plot points from both the novel ''The Queen of the Damned'', as well as from ''The Vampire Lestat''. Produced on a budget of $35 million, the film recouped only $30 million at the U.S. box office. On her Facebook page, Rice distanced herself from the film, and stated that she feels the filmmakers "mutilated" her work in adapting the novel.<ref>Rice, Anne: [https://www.facebook.com/home.php#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf Wall – Just Fans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720191115/https://www.facebook.com/home.php#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf#/pages/Anne-Rice/66435815451?ref=nf |date=July 20, 2014 }}, Facebook.com</ref>
The 1994 film ''[[Exit to Eden (film)|Exit to Eden]],'' based loosely on the book Rice published as Anne Rampling, stars [[Rosie O'Donnell]] and [[Dan Aykroyd]]. The work was transformed from a [[BDSM]]-themed love story into a police comedy, and was widely considered a box-office failure, receiving near-universal negative reviews.<ref name="Exit Rotten">{{cite web|title=Exit to Eden (1994)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/exit_to_eden/|work=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=Flixster, Inc.|access-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415182916/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/exit_to_eden/|archive-date=April 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
A film adaptation of ''[[Christ the Lord (film)|Christ the Lord]]'' was reported to be in the early stages of development in February 2012. It was reported that [[Chris Columbus (filmmaker)|Chris Columbus]] had signed on to produce, and that [[Cyrus Nowrasteh]] had already completed the script.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herr |first=Claudia |url=http://www.wordandfilm.com/2012/01/christ-the-lord-coming-to-theaters-with-anne-rice-blessing/ |title=Christ the Lord Coming to Theaters, with Anne Rice's Blessing |date=January 19, 2012 |work=Wordandfilm.com |publisher=Word & Film |access-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015355/http://www.wordandfilm.com/2012/01/christ-the-lord-coming-to-theaters-with-anne-rice-blessing/ |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 8, 2014, during an interview with her long-time editor, Victoria Wilson, at the Chicago Humanities Festival, Rice revealed that filming had finished on the movie and was going into post-production.<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZMmnoRQB8g|work=YouTube|title=Anne Rice: Vampire Chronicler|access-date=December 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515005546/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZMmnoRQB8g|archive-date=May 15, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The film, titled ''[[The Young Messiah (film)|The Young Messiah]]'', was released in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/the-young-messiah-review-1201728229/|title=Film Review: 'The Young Messiah'|work=[[Variety (website)|Variety]]|date=March 11, 2016|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212202754/https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/the-young-messiah-review-1201728229/|archive-date=December 12, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
In August 2014, [[Universal Pictures]] had acquired the rights to Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/anne-rices-vampire-chronicles-takes-flight-at-universal-1201278069/|title=Anne Rice's 'Vampire Chronicles' Takes Flight at Universal|work=[[Variety (website)|Variety]]|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115164443/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/anne-rices-vampire-chronicles-takes-flight-at-universal-1201278069/|archive-date=November 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in November 2016, when [[Universal Pictures]] did not renew the contract, the film and television rights reverted to Rice, who began developing ''[[The Vampire Chronicles]]'' into a television series with her son, [[Christopher Rice|Christopher]].<ref name="Rice">{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10154794260300452 |title=Anne Rice statement on her Official Facebook Fan Page |last=Rice |first=Anne |website=Facebook |date=November 27, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202225201/https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10154794260300452 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-tv-show|title=Anne Rice Is Bringing Her Vampire Chronicles to Television|publisher=Vanity Fair|date=November 27, 2016|access-date=February 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201113054/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/11/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-tv-show|archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Televisi ===
In 1997, Rice wrote the story for a television pilot entitled ''Rag and Bone'', featuring elements of both horror and [[crime fiction]]. Screenwriter [[James D. Parriott]] penned the screenplay, and the pilot ultimately aired on [[CBS]], starring [[Dean Cain]] and [[Robert Patrick]].<ref name=Radiotimes>{{cite web|last=Parkinson|first=David|title=Rag and Bone|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/jjx29/rag-and-bone|work=Radio Times |access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522100834/http://www.radiotimes.com/film/jjx29/rag-and-bone|archive-date=May 22, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
''[[The Feast of All Saints (novel)|The Feast of All Saints]]'' was made into a [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] original miniseries in 2001, directed by [[Peter Medak]] and starring [[James Earl Jones]] and [[Gloria Reuben]].<ref name="MSN.com">{{cite web|title=The Feast of All Saints: Overview|url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/the-feast-of-all-saints/|work=MSN.com|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208045258/http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie/the-feast-of-all-saints/|archive-date=February 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/anne-rice-s-the-feast-of-all-saints-1200552927/|title=Review: 'Anne Rice's The Feast of All Saints'|last=Fries|first=Laura|date=November 8, 2001|work=Variety|access-date=August 3, 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803174035/http://variety.com/2001/tv/reviews/anne-rice-s-the-feast-of-all-saints-1200552927/|archive-date=August 3, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2002, [[NBC]] had plans to adapt Rice's ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' trilogy into a miniseries, but the project never entered production.<ref name=Mania>{{cite web|last=Smith |first=Christopher Allan |title=NBC planning huge Anne Rice MAYFAIR series |url=http://www.mania.com/nbc-planning-huge-anne-rice-mayfair-series_article_34486.html |publisher=Mania |access-date=June 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130230626/http://www.mania.com/nbc-planning-huge-anne-rice-mayfair-series_article_34486.html |archive-date=November 30, 2012 }}</ref>
''Earth Angels'' was a presentation pilot written by Rice, produced by [[Imagine Television]] and [[20th Century Fox Television]], and picked up by NBC. Set in New York City, it followed angels in human form battling against evil.<ref>{{cite web|last=Snierson |first=Dan |title=On the Air|url=https://ew.com/article/2001/01/12/air-21/ |work= Entertainment Weekly|access-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live |date=January 12, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Adalian |first=Josef |title=Dances with Wolf|url=https://variety.com/2001/tv/news/dances-with-wolf-1117793125/ |work= Variety|access-date=December 12, 2021 |url-status=live |date=February 1, 2001}}</ref> Four parts of Anne Rice's story treatment for the series were published in 1999 as a bonus in the comic book series called ''Anne Rice's Tale of the Body Thief''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #1 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233354/ |website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #2 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/62975/ |website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #3 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233356/ |website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Rice's The Tale of the Body Thief #4 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/233357/|website=www.comics.org |publisher=[[Grand Comics Database]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>
In November 2016, Rice announced on Facebook that the rights to her novels were reverted to her despite earlier plans for other adaptations. Rice said that she and her son, author [[Christopher Rice]], would be developing and executive producing a potential television series based on the novels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/11/26/anne-rice-plotting-vampire-chronicles-tv-series-adaptation|title=Anne Rice Plotting ''The Vampire Chronicles'' TV Series Adaptation|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=December 4, 2016|archive-date=November 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129111912/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/11/26/anne-rice-plotting-vampire-chronicles-tv-series-adaptation|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2017, they teamed up with [[Paramount Television]] and [[Anonymous Content]] to develop a series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202402750/|website=Variety|first=Joe|last=Otterson|title=''Vampire Chronicles'' Series in Development at Paramount TV, Anonymous Content|date=April 28, 2017|access-date=April 28, 2017|archive-date=April 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428195344/http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202402750/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of early 2018, [[Bryan Fuller]] was involved with the creation of a potential TV series based on the novels.<ref name="Brockington">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/bryan-fuller-the-vampire-chronicles-1202662596/|title=Bryan Fuller Joins ''The Vampire Chronicles'' TV Series|first=Ariana|last=Brockington|date=January 12, 2018|access-date=May 9, 2018|website=Variety|archive-date=May 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526070251/https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/bryan-fuller-the-vampire-chronicles-1202662596/|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 17, 2018, it was announced that the series was in development at streaming service [[Hulu]] and that Fuller had departed the production.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Petski |first1=Denise |title=Anne Rice's ''The Vampire Chronicles'' In The Works At Hulu |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/anne-rice-the-vampire-chronicles-hulu-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202427800/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=July 17, 2018 |date=July 17, 2018 |archive-date=July 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717171955/https://deadline.com/2018/07/anne-rice-the-vampire-chronicles-hulu-paramount-tv-anonymous-content-1202427800/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of December 2019, Hulu's rights had expired and Rice was shopping a package including all film and TV rights to the series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-hulu-dead-1203449088/|title=Anne Rice's ''The Vampire Chronicles'' No Longer at Hulu; Is Being Shopped Elsewhere|first1=Michael|last1=Schneider|website=Variety|date=December 20, 2019|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308110638/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/anne-rice-vampire-chronicles-hulu-dead-1203449088/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2020, it was announced that [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]] had acquired the rights to ''The Vampire Chronicles'' and ''[[Lives of the Mayfair Witches]]'' for developing film and television projects.<ref name="AMC 2020-05">{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-lives-of-the-mayfair-witches-amc-anne-rice-1234605490/|title=Anne Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles'', ''Lives of the Mayfair Witches'' Rights Land at AMC|first=Joe|last=Otterson|website=Variety|date=May 13, 2020|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625022750/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/vampire-chronicles-series-lives-of-the-mayfair-witches-amc-anne-rice-1234605490/|url-status=live}}</ref> Anne and [[Christopher Rice]] were to serve as executive producers on any projects developed.<ref name="AMC 2020-05"/>
=== Teater ===
On April 25, 2006, the musical ''[[Lestat (musical)|Lestat]]'', based on Rice's ''Vampire Chronicles'' books, opened at the [[Palace Theatre (New York City)|Palace Theatre]] on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] after having its world premiere and preview run at the [[Curran Theatre]] in San Francisco, California, in December 2005. With music by [[Elton John]] and lyrics by [[Bernie Taupin]], it was the inaugural production of the newly established Warner Brothers Theatre Ventures. Despite Rice's own overwhelming approval and praise,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.annerice.com/Lestat-TheMusical.html|title=''Lestat on Broadway on annerice.com''|access-date=January 22, 2010|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69VL825ak?url=http://www.annerice.com/Lestat-TheMusical.html|archive-date=July 28, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> the show received disappointing attendance and largely negative reviews from critics.<ref name=LestatBBC>{{cite news|last=Brook|first=Tom|title=Disappointing start for Elton musical|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4946032.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=April 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509051953/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4946032.stm|archive-date=May 9, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=LestatBBC2>{{cite news|title=Critics lay into Elton's musical|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4941488.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=July 1, 2012|date=April 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233845/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4941488.stm|archive-date=April 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Lestat'' closed a month later on May 28, 2006, after just 33 previews and 39 regular performances. The release of the cast recording of the show is reportedly on hold indefinitely.<ref>{{cite web|title=No Plans for Release of Lestat Original Cast Recording|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/No_Plans_for_Release_of_Lestat_Original_Cast_Recording_20060802|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|access-date=June 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001181417/http://broadwayworld.com/article/No_Plans_for_Release_of_Lestat_Original_Cast_Recording_20060802|archive-date=October 1, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Komik dan manga ===
Beberapa novel Anne telah dialihwahanakan ke komik dan [[manga]]. Berikut ialah daftar alih wahana berikut penerbit dan tahun penerbitan.
* ''[[The Vampire Lestat#Anne Rice's The Vampire Lestat|Anne Rice's The Vampire Lestat]]'' #1–12 by [[Innovation Comics]] (1990–1991),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Overstreet |first1=Robert M. |title=[[Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide]] |date=1993 |publisher=Avon Books |location=New York |isbn=9780380772209 |page=[https://archive.org/details/overstreetcomicb00over/page/431 431] |edition=23rd}}</ref> compiled into one volume by Ballantine Books (1991)<ref>{{cite web |title=Books, Listed by Author |url=http://www.locusmag.com/index/b395.htm |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |access-date=December 13, 2021}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Mummy or Ramses the Damned'' #1–12 by [[Millennium Publications]] (1990–1992)<ref name="Overstreet2015"/>
* ''Anne Rice's The Queen of the Damned'' #1–11 (#12 was never published) by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Melton">{{cite book |last1=Melton |first1=J. Gordon |title=The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead |url=https://archive.org/details/vampirebookencyc00melt |date=2011 |publisher=Visible Ink Press |location=Detroit |isbn=9781578593484 |page=[https://archive.org/details/vampirebookencyc00melt/page/575 575] |edition=3rd}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Master of Rampling Gate'' ([[One-shot (comics)|one-shot]]) by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Overstreet2015">{{cite book |last1=Overstreet |first1=Robert M. |title=[[Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide]] |date=2015 |location=Timonium, MD |isbn=9781603601757 |page=[https://archive.org/details/overstreetcomicb0000over_w9w6/page/429 429] |edition=45th (2015-2016)}}</ref>
* ''Anne Rice's The Vampire Companion'' #1–3 by Innovation Comics (1991)<ref name="Melton"/>
* ''Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire'' #1–12 by Innovation Comics (1991–1994)<ref name="Overstreet2015"/>
Baris 134 ⟶ 165:
* ''Interview with the Vampire: Claudia's Story'' by [[Yen Press]] (2012)<ref name="ClaudiasStoryRelease">{{Cite web|url=https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/interview-with-the-vampire-claudias-story/9780316176361/|title=Interview with the Vampire: Claudia's Story|publisher=[[Yen Press]]|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212200549/https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/interview-with-the-vampire-claudias-story/9780316176361/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Wolf Gift: The Graphic Novel'' by Yen Press (2014)<ref name="WolfGiftRelease">{{Cite web|url=https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/the-wolf-gift-the-graphic-novel/9780316233866/|title=The Wolf Gift: The Graphic Novel|publisher=[[Yen Press]]|access-date=December 12, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212200642/https://yenpress.com/titles/anne-rice/the-wolf-gift-the-graphic-novel/9780316233866/|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Fiksi penggemar ===
{{lihat pula|Masalah hukum fiksi penggemar}}
Rice initially expressed an adamant stance against [[fan fiction]] based on her works, and particularly in opposition to such fiction based on ''The Vampire Chronicles'', releasing a statement on April 7, 2000, that disallowed all such efforts, citing [[copyright]] issues.<ref name=fanfic>{{cite web|last=Rice |first=Anne |title=Important Message from Anne on "Fan Fiction" |url=http://www.annerice.com/ |publisher=Kith and Kin, LLC. |access-date=June 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602212951/http://annerice.com/ |archive-date=June 2, 2012 }}</ref> She subsequently requested that [[FanFiction.Net]] remove stories featuring her characters.<ref name="Pauli">{{cite news|first=Michelle|last=Pauli|title=Working the web: Fan fiction|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 5, 2002|access-date=July 22, 2011|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,853553,00.html|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217091813/http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,853553,00.html|archive-date=February 17, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]'' reported that Rice developed a milder stance on the issue. "I got upset about 20 years ago because I thought it would block me," she said. "However, it's been very easy to avoid reading any, so live and let live. If I were a young writer, I'd want to own my own ideas. But maybe fan fiction is a transitional phase: whatever gets you there, gets you there."<ref name="Metro">{{cite news|title=How fan fiction is conquering the internet and shooting up book charts|newspaper=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|date=November 11, 2012|access-date=April 14, 2013|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/917580-how-fan-fiction-is-conquering-the-internet-and-shooting-up-book-charts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116110844/http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/917580-how-fan-fiction-is-conquering-the-internet-and-shooting-up-book-charts|archive-date=November 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Daftar pustaka ==
Baris 181 ⟶ 216:
* ''[[The Wolves of Midwinter]]'' (2013)<ref name=":2" />
=== Novel berdiri sendiri ===
* ''[[The Feast of All Saints (novel)|The Feast of All Saints]]'' (1979)<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Cry to Heaven]]'' (1982)<ref name=":2" />
Baris 187 ⟶ 222:
* ''[[Violin (novel)|Violin]]'' (1997)<ref name=":2" />
===Sleeping Beauty (
* ''[[The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty]]'' (1983)<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Beauty's Punishment]]'' (1984)<ref name=":0" />
Baris 194 ⟶ 229:
=== Menggunakan nama samaran Anne Rampling ===
* ''[[Exit to Eden]]'' (1985)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=1997|editor-last=Clute|editor-first=John|editor-link=John Clute|editor2-last=Grant|editor2-first=John|editor2-link=John Grant (author)|title=Rice, Anne|url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/fe/rice_anne|url-status=live|access-date=December 12, 2021|website=[[The Encyclopedia of Fantasy]]|language=en}}{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''[[Belinda (Anne Rice novel)|Belinda]]'' (1986)<ref name=":1" />
Baris 207 ⟶ 242:
* {{cite book|last=Bowman|first=John S.|title=The Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-521-40258-1|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgediction00bowm/page/607|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Cardin|first=Matt|date=2015|title=Mummies Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Mummies in History, Religion and Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWJhBQAAQBAJ&q=lot+249&pg=PA291|location=Santa Barbara, California|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-1-61069-419-3|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Day|first=William Patrick|title=Vampire Legends in Contemporary American Culture: What Becomes a Legend Most|url=https://archive.org/details/vampirelegendsin0000dayw_u3p1|date=2002|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|location=Lexington|isbn=0813122422|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramsland |first=Katherine |date=1991 |title=Prism of the Night: A Biography of Anne Rice |publisher=Dutton Penguin |location=New York |isbn=0525933700 |ref=ID |url=https://archive.org/details/prismofnightbi00rams|ref=harv}}
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