Aepyornis: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Revisi per 19 Desember 2021 12.00 sunting NunoLuminari (bicara \| kontrib) 1.677 suntingan k NunoLuminari memindahkan halaman Aepyronis ke Aepyornis: Kesalahan penulisan ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 29 Oktober 2022 11.41 sunting balikkan Bot5958 (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 29.612 suntingan k Perbaikan PW:CW, genfixes (uji coba) Tag: AWB
(3 revisi perantara oleh 2 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: {{short description\|Genus burung yang sudah punah}} {{Italic title}}{{Taxobox\|name=''Aeyornis''\|ordo_authority=[[Alfred Newton\|A. Newton]], 1884<ref name="SN"/>\|range_map=Aepyornis map.jpg\|subdivision=''Aepyornis hildebrandti'' <br><small>[[Carlos Burckhardt\|Burckhardt]] 1893<ref name="SN" /></small><br> {{Infobox spesies ''Aepyornis maximus''<br> <small>[[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire\|I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] 1851<ref name="SN" /></small><br>\|subdivision_ranks=Species\|genus_authority=[[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire\|I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1851<ref name="SN">Brands, S. (2008)</ref>\|genus={{extinct}}'''''Aepyornis'''''\|familia_authority=([[Charles Lucien Bonaparte\|Bonaparte]], 1853)<ref name="SN">Brands, S. (2008)</ref>\|familia=†'''Aepyornithidae'''\|ordo=Aepyornithiformes\|fossil_range=[[Kuarter]]\|classis=[[Aves]]\|phylum=[[Chordata]]\|regnum=[[Animalia]]\|extinct=1000 M\|status=EX\|image_caption=Kerangka dan telur dari ''Aepyornis maximus''\|image=Aepyornis maximus.jpg\|range_map_caption=Map of [[Madagascar]] showing where ''A. hildebrandti'' (b) and ''A. maximus'' (c) specimens have been found}} \| fossil_range = {{fossil range\|Quarternary\|3=Kuarter}} \| image = Aepyornis maximus.jpg \| image_caption = Kerangka dan telur ''Aepyornis maximus'' \| status = EX \| extinct = 1000 AD \| taxon = Aepyornis \| autoritat = [[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire\|I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1851<ref name="SN">Brands, S. 2008</ref> \| tipus_taxonomic = '''''Aepyornis maximus'''''<br/><small>[[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire\|I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] 1851</small> \| subdivision_ranks = Spesies \| subdivision = * ''A. hildebrandti'' <small>[[Carlos Burckhardt\|Burckhardt]] 1893<ref name="SN"/></small> * ''A. maximus'' <small>[[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire\|I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] 1851<ref name="SN"/></small> \| range_map = Aepyornis map.jpg \| range_map_caption = Peta [[Madagaskar]] yang menunjukkan dimana spesimen ''A. hildebrandti'' (b) dan ''A. maximus'' (c) ditemukan }} '''''Aepyornis''''' merupakan genus dari [[burung gajah]] (famili dari burung berukuran besar yang tak mampu terbang. Seluruh anggotanya sudah punah) [[endemik]] asal [[Madagaskar]]. Genus ini punah pada abad ke-11. Sebuah spesies yang dinamai ''A. Maximus'' borbobot {{convert\|540\|kg\|lb\|sigfig=2}}, menjadikannya untuk sementara sebagai burung darat terbesar yang pernah hidup, hingga pada 2018, spesies baru ditemukan, ''A. Specis'' memiliki bobot {{convert\|730\|kg\|lb\|sigfig=2}}, mengantikan posisi ''A. Maximus''. Namun belakangan, spesies tersebut di pindahkan ke genus ''[[Vorombe]]''.<ref name="Hansford2018b" />~~{{cite~~ ~~journal\|last1=Hansford\|first1=J.~~Kerabat ~~P.\|last2=Turvey\|first2=S.~~terdekatnya ~~T.\|date=2018-09-26\|title=Unexpected~~yang ~~diversity~~masih ~~within~~hidup ~~the~~adalah ~~extinct elephant birds~~[[Kiwi (~~Aves: Aepyornithidae~~burung) ~~and a new identity for the world's largest bird~~\|~~journal=[[Royal~~Kiwi]] ~~Society~~dari ~~Open~~Selandia ~~Science]]\|volume=5\|issue=9\|page=181295\|doi=10~~Baru.~~1098~~<ref>https://~~rsos~~phys.org/news/2014-05-ancient-dna-aussie-kiwi.~~181295}}~~html</ref> == ~~Referensi~~ Taksonomi== Brodkorb (1963) mendaftar empat spesies ''Aepyornis'' yang sudah valid: ''A. hildebrandti'', ''A. gracilis'', ''A. medius'' dan ''A. maximus''.<ref>Brodkorb, P. (1963)</ref> Namun, Hume dan Walters (2012) hanya mendaftar datu spesies, ''A. maximus''.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7RIAkGw0-UC&pg=PA26\| author1=Julian P. Hume\| author2=Michael Walters\| title=Extinct birds \| publisher=T&AD Poyser\| pages=544 \| isbn=978-1408158616\|year=2012}}</ref> Baru-baru ini, Hansford dan Turvey (2018) hanya mengakui spesies ''A. hildebrandti'' dan ''A. maximus''.<ref name="Hansford2018b" />{{clear left}} ~~<references />~~ * ?''A. grandidieri'' <small>Rowley 1867 nomen dubium</small> [[Kategori:Burung Afrika Selatan]]▼ * ''Aepyornis hildebrandti'' <small>[[Carlos Burckhardt\|Burckhardt]], 1893</small> (Burung gajah Hildebrandt) ''Aepyornis gracilis'' <small>[[Louis Monnier (paleontolog)\|Monnier]], 1913</small> ''Aepyornis lentus'' <small>[[Alphonse Milne-Edwards\|Milne-Edwards]] & [[Alfred Grandidier\|Grandidier]], 1894</small> ?''Aepyornis minimus'' ?''Aepyornis mulleri'' <small>[[Alphonse Milne-Edwards\|Milne-Edwards]] & [[Alfred Grandidier\|Grandidier]], 1894</small> * ''Aepyornis maximus'' <small>[[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire\|Hilaire]], 1851</small> (Burung gajah raksasa) ''Aepyornis cursor'' <small>[[Alphonse Milne-Edwards\|Milne-Edwards]] & [[Alfred Grandidier\|Grandidier]], 1894</small> ?''Aepyornis intermedius'' ** ''Aepyornis medius'' <small>[[Alphonse Milne-Edwards\|Milne-Edwards]] & [[Alfred Grandidier\|Grandidier]], 1866</small> Spesies nominal ''Aepyornis titan'' Andrews, 1894, ditempatkan dalam genus terpisah ''[[Vorombe]]'' oleh Hansford dan Turvey (2018), dengan ''A. ingens'' menjadi sinonim dari ''titan''. ''Aepyornis grandidieri'' [[G. Dawson Rowley\|Rowley]], 1867 adalah ootakson yang hanya diketahui dari pecahan cangkang telur dan oleh sebab itu menjadi ''nomen dubium''. Hansford dan Truvey (2018) juga menemukan ''Aepyornis modestus'' sinonim senior dari seluruh spesies nominal ''Mullerornis'', membuat ''modestus'' menjadi julukan untuk spesies tipe ''Mullerornis''.<ref name="Hansford2018b">{{cite journal\|last1= Hansford\|first1=J. P.\|last2= Turvey\|first2=S. T.\|title= Unexpected diversity within the extinct elephant birds (Aves: Aepyornithidae) and a new identity for the world's largest bird\|journal= [[Royal Society Open Science]]\|volume= 5\|issue= 9\|date= 2018-09-26\|page= 181295\|doi=10.1098/rsos.181295\|pmid=30839722\|pmc= 6170582\|bibcode= 2018RSOS....581295H}}</ref> == Catatan kaki == {{reflist}} ==Referensi== * {{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/7963484.stm \|author =BBC News\|access-date=26 March 2009\| work=Day in Pictures\|title=One minute world news\|publisher=BBC News \| date=25 March 2009\| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090327131404/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/7963484.stm\| archive-date= 27 March 2009 \| url-status= live}} * {{cite web\|url=http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/TaxonTree.aspx?id=51284 \|title=The Taxonomicon : Taxon: Order Aepyornithiformes \|access-date=21 January 2010 \|last=Brands \|first=Sheila J. \|year=1989 \|publisher=Universal Taxonomic Services \|location=Zwaag, Netherlands \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421213745/http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/TaxonTree.aspx?id=51284 \|archive-date=21 April 2008 }} * {{cite journal \|last1=Brodkorb\|first1=Pierce \|year=1963 \|title= Catalogue of Fossil Birds Part 1 (Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes)\|journal=Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences \|volume=7 \|issue=4 \|pages=179–293 \|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00001514/00001/98j }} * {{cite journal \|last1=Cooper \|first1=A. \|last2=Lalueza-Fox \|first2=C. \|last3=Anderson \|first3=S. \|last4=Rambaut \|first4=A. \|last5=Austin \|first5=J. \|last6=Ward \|first6=R. \|title=Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Two Extinct Moas Clarify Ratite Evolution \|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2001-02-08_409_6821/page/704 \|journal=Nature \|volume=409 \|pages=704–707 \|date=8 February 2001 \|doi=10.1038/35055536 \|pmid=11217857 \|issue=6821 \|bibcode=2001Natur.409..704C\|s2cid=4430050 }} * {{cite encyclopedia \|last=Davies \|first=S.J.J.F.\|editor=Hutchins, Michael \|encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia \|title=Elephant birds (Aepyornithidae)\|edition=2 \|year=2003 \|publisher=Gale Group \|volume=8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins \|location=Farmington Hills, MI\|isbn=978-0-7876-5784-0 \|pages=103–104}} * {{cite news\| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8558683.stm \|last= Ghosh\|first=Pallab\|work=BBC News \| title=Ancient eggshell yields its DNA \| date=10 March 2010 \| access-date=23 April 2010\| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100323102344/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8558683.stm\| archive-date= 23 March 2010 \| url-status= live}} * {{cite journal \|last1=Goodman\|first1=Steven M. \|year=1994 \|title=Description of a new species of subfossil eagle from Madagascar: ''Stephanoaetus'' (Aves: Falconiformes) from the deposits of Ampasambazimba \|url=https://archive.org/details/biostor-81217\|journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington \|issue=107 \|pages=421–428 }} * {{cite book \|last1=Goodman\|first1=S. M. \|last2=Rakotozafy \|first2=L. M. A. \|editor1-first=S. M. \|editor1-last=Goodman\|editor2-first=B. D. \|editor2-last=Patterson\|title=Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar \|year=1997 \|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press \|location=Washington, DC \|isbn=978-1-56098-683-6 \|pages=257–279 \|chapter=Subfossil birds from coastal sites in western and southwestern Madagascar }} * {{cite book \|last1=Hawkins\|first1=A. F. A. \|last2=Goodman \|first2=S. M. \|editor1-first=S. M. \|editor1-last=Goodman \|editor2-first= J. P.\|editor2-last=Benstead \|title=The Natural History of Madagascar \|year=2003 \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|isbn=978-0-226-30307-9 \|pages=1026–1029 }} * {{cite book \|last1=Hay\|first1=W. W. \| last2=DeConto\|first2= R. M. \|last3=Wold\|first3=C. N. \| last4=Wilson\|first4=K. M.\|last5=Voigt\|first5=S.\|editor1-first=E. \|editor1-last=Barrera \|editor2-first= C. C. \|editor2-last=Johnson \|title=Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean Climate System \|year=1999 \|publisher=Geological Society of America \|location=Boulder, CO \|isbn=978-0-8137-2332-7 \|pages=1–47 \|chapter=Alternative global Cretaceous paleogeography }} * {{cite journal \|last1=Mlíkovsky\|first1=J. \|year=2003 \|title=Eggs of extinct aepyornithids (Aves: Aepyornithidae) of Madagascar: size and taxonomic identity \|journal=Sylvia \|volume=39 \|pages=133–138 }} * {{cite book \|last1=Pearson\|first1=Mike Parker \|last2=Godden \|first2=K. \|title=In search of the Red Slave: Shipwreck and Captivity in Madagascar \|year=2002 \|publisher=The History Press \|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire \|isbn=978-0-7509-2938-7 }} * {{cite journal \|last1=van Tuinen\|first1=Marcel \| last2=Sibley\|first2=Charles G. \|last3=Hedges\|first3=S. Blair \|year=1998 \|title=Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ratite Birds Inferred from DNA Sequences of the Mitochondrial Ribosomal Genes \|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_1998-04_15_4/page/370\|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution \|volume=15 \|issue=4 \|pages=370–376 \|pmid= 9549088\|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025933\|doi-access=free }} * {{cite web\|title= Vorompatra \|year=2005 \|url=http://www.geocities.com/vorompatra \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027070301/http://geocities.com/vorompatra/ \|archive-date=27 October 2009 \|url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal \|last1=Yoder\|first1=Anne D. \| last2=Nowak\|first2=Michael D. \|year=2006 \|title= Has Vicariance or Dispersal Been the Predominant Biogeographic Force in Madagascar? Only Time Will Tell \|journal=Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics \|volume=37 \|pages=405–431 \|doi=10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110239 }} {{Palaeognathae\|N.}} {{Taxonbar\|from=Q2638301}} ▲[[Kategori:Burung ~~Afrika Selatan~~gajah]]