Bleomisin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 401932982
| image = Bleomycin A2.svg
| caption = Bleomisin A2
| width = 350
| alt =
<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce =
| tradename = Blenoxane
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|bleomycin-sulfate}}
| MedlinePlus = a682125
| DailyMedID = Bleomycin
| pregnancy_AU = D
| pregnancy_AU_comment =<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Bleomycin Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=9 August 2019 |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/bleomycin.html | access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>
| pregnancy_category =
| routes_of_administration = [[Infus|intravena]], [[penyuntikan intraotot|intramuskular]], [[penyuntikan subkutan|subkutan]], [[rongga pleura|intrapleural]]<ref name="Bleomycin label" />
| class = Glycopeptide antibiotic
| ATC_prefix = L01
| ATC_suffix = DC01
| ATC_supplemental =
<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->
| legal_AU_comment =
| legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F-->
| legal_BR_comment =
| legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_CA_comment =
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled-->
| legal_DE_comment =
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment =
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_UK_comment =<ref>{{cite web | title=Bleo-Kyowa Powder for solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=31 August 2018 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/26918 | access-date=16 February 2020 | archive-date=16 February 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216055521/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/26918 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US_comment =
| legal_EU = Rx-only
| legal_EU_comment =<ref>{{cite web | title=Bleomycin | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/referrals/bleomycin }}</ref>
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_status = <!--For countries not listed above-->
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability = 100% dan 70% setelah pemberian intramuskular dan subkutan, dan 45% setelah pemberian intraperitoneal dan intrapleural.<ref name="Bleomycin label">{{cite web | title=Bleomycin- bleomycin sulfate injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution | website=DailyMed | date=31 December 2019 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b5806c40-12ce-48e3-8abd-9f8997ef4428 | access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| metabolites =
| onset =
| elimination_half-life = dua jam<ref name="Bleomycin label" />
| duration_of_action =
| excretion = [[Ginjal]] (60–70%)<ref name="Bleomycin label" />
<!-- Identifiers -->
| index_label =
| index2_label = sulfate
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number = 11056-06-7
| CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number2 = 9041-93-4
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 40S1VHN69B
| PubChem = 5460769
| IUPHAR_ligand =
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00290
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4574226
| UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII2 = 7DP3NTV15T
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = D07535
| KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG2 = C15773
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 22907
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 403664
| NIAID_ChemDB =
| PDB_ligand =
| synonyms =
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name = (3-{{(}}[(2'-{{(}}(5''S'',8''S'',9''S'',10''R'',13''S'')-15-{{(}}6-amino-2- [(1''S'')-3-amino-1-{{(}}[(2''S'')-2,3-diamino-3-oksopropil]amino}-3-oksopropil] -5-metilpirimidin-4-il}-13-[{[(2''R'',3''S'',4''S'',5''S'',6''S'')-3- {[(2''R'',3''S'',4''S'',5''R'',6''R'')-4-(karbamoiloksi)-3,5-dihidroksi-6- (hidroksimetil)tetrahidro-2''H''-piran-2-il]oksi} -4,5-dihidroksi-6-(hidroksimetil)tetrahidro-2''H''-piran-2-il]oksi} (1''H''-imidazol-5-il)metil]-9-hidroksi-5-[(1''R'')-1-hidroksietil]-8,10-dimetil-4,7,12,15-tetraokso-3,6,11,14-tetraazapentadek-1-il}-2,4'-bi-1,3-tiazol-4-il)karbonil]amino}propil)(dimetil)sulfonium
| C=55 | H=84 | N=17 | O=21 | S=3
| SMILES = CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C55H83N17O21S3/c1-20-33(69-46(72-44(20)58)25(12-31(57)76)64-13-24(56)45(59)82)50(86)71-35(41(26-14-61-19-65-26)91-54-43(39(80)37(78)29(15-73)90-54)92-53-40(81)42(93-55(60)88)38(79)30(16-74)89-53)51(87)66-22(3)36(77)21(2)47(83)70-34(23(4)75)49(85)63-10-8-32-67-28(18-94-32)52-68-27(17-95-52)48(84)62-9-7-11-96(5)6/h14,17-19,21-25,29-30,34-43,53-54,64,73-75,77-81H,7-13,15-16,56H2,1-6H3,(H13-,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,65,66,69,70,71,72,76,82,83,84,85,86,87,88)/p+1/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25-,29-,30+,34-,35-,36-,37+,38+,39-,40-,41-,42-,43-,53+,54-/m0/s1
| StdInChI_comment =
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O
| density =
| density_notes =
| melting_point =
| melting_high =
| melting_notes =
| boiling_point =
| boiling_notes =
| solubility =
| sol_units =
| specific_rotation =
}}
'''Bleomisin''' adalah obat yang digunakan dalam penanganan [[kanker]],<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref> antara lain [[limfoma Hodgkin]], [[limfoma non-Hodgkin]], [[kanker testis]], [[kanker ovarium]], dan [[Kanker leher rahim|kanker serviks]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bleomycin Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin.html|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2021-12-30}}</ref> Obat ini biasa digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan obat kanker lain, melalui injeksi [[Injeksi intravena|intravena]], [[Intramuskuler|intramuskular]], atau [[hipodermis]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref> Penggunaannya melalui paru-paru untuk membantu mencegah munculnya [[Efusi pleura|cairan di sekitar paru-paru]] akibat kanker<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ag2004">{{Cite journal|last=Shaw|first=P|last2=Agarwal|first2=R|date=2004|title=Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|issue=1|pages=CD002916|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002916.pub2|pmid=14973997}}</ref> walau [[Talk|talkum]] dianggap lebih baik dalam hal ini.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clive|first=Amelia O|last2=Jones|first2=Hayley E|last3=Bhatnagar|first3=Rahul|last4=Preston|first4=Nancy J|last5=Maskell|first5=Nick|date=2016-05-08|title=Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions: a network meta‐analysis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6450218/|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2016|issue=5|pages=CD010529|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010529.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6450218|pmid=27155783}}</ref>
Efek samping yang umum terjadi termasuk [[demam]], penurunan berat badan, muntah, dan ruam. [[Anafilaksis]] dapat terjadi. Bleomisin juga dapat menyebabkan [[Pneumonitis|radang paru-paru]] yang dapat mengakibatkan [[Fibrosis paru|jaringan parut paru-paru]]. Sinar X dada untuk mendeteksi jaringan parut setiap beberapa minggu dianjurkan. Bleomisin dapat membahayakan bayi jika digunakan selama kehamilan. Bleomisin dipercaya bekerja dengan mencegah pembuatan [[Asam deoksiribonukleat|DNA]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref>
Bleomisin ditemukan pada tahun 1962.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA312|title=Drug discovery : a history|last=Sneader|first=Walter|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780471899792|edition=Rev. and updated|location=Chichester|page=312}}</ref> Obat ini termasuk dalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]], daftar obat-obatan paling penting yang dibutuhkan pada [[sistem kesehatan]] dasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|date=October 2013|website=World Health Organization|access-date=22 April 2014}}</ref> Obat ini tersedia sebagai [[obat generik]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015
== Referensi ==
Baris 15 ⟶ 120:
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa sulfonium]]
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Antibiotik glikopeptida]]
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Karsinogen IARC Golongan 2B]]
[[Kategori:Penginterkalasi DNA]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa hidroksimetil]]
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