Strategi Singapura: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.5
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Add 2 books for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20240809)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot
 
(3 revisi perantara oleh 3 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 9:
}}
 
'''Strategi Singapura''' adalah kebijakan pertahanan laut [[Imperium Britania]] yang melibatkan serangkaian [[rencana perang]] dari tahun 1919 sampai 1941. Strategi ini bertujuan mencegah agresi [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] dengan menugaskan satu armada [[Royal Navy]] di [[Asia Timur]], yang mampu mencegat dan mengalahkan armada Jepang yang bergerak ke selatan menuju [[India]] atau Australia. Agar efektif strategi ini mensyaratkan pangkalan yang memiliki perlengkapan baik. [[Singapura]], yang berada di ujung timur [[Selat Malaka]], dipilih sebagai lokasi paling sesuai pada tahun 1919. Pembangunan pangkalan dan pertahannya dilaksanakan selama dua dasawarsa berikutnya.
 
Para perencana meramalkan bahwa perang dengan Jepang akan berlangsung dalam tiga fase: ketika [[garnisun]] di Singapura mempertahankan bentengnya, armada laut akan melaju dari perairan Inggris ke Singapura, membantu atau merebut kembali [[Hong Kong]], dan memblokade [[Kepulauan Jepang]] untuk memaksa Jepang buat berdamai. Gagasan invasi Jepang ditolak karena dianggap tidak praktis, namun para perencana Britania tidak menduga bahwa Jepang akan bersedia terlibat dalam pertempuran laut yang menentukan dengan mati-matian. Sadar akan dampak blokade terhadap bangsa kepulauan di jantung imperium maritim, mereka merasa bahwa tekanan ekonomi akan mencukupi.
 
Strategi Singapura adalah landasan kebijakan pertahanan Imperium Britania selama dasawarsa 1920-an dan 1930-an. Pada tahun 1937, menurut Kapten Stephen Roskill, "konsep 'Armada Utama ke Singapura', telah, mungkin lewat pengulangan terus-menerus, tidak dapat diganggu gugat layaknya Kitab Suci".<ref>{{harvnb|McIntyre|1979|p=214}}</ref> Gabungan kesukaran keuangan, politik dan praktis memastikan bahwa strategi ini tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Selama dasawarsa 1930-an, strategi ini dikritik berkali-kali di Britania dan di luar negeri, terutama di [[Australia]], tempat Strategi Singapura digunakan sebagai dalih kebijakan pertahanan yang kikir anggaran. Strategi ini pada akhirnya berujung kepada pengiriman [[Pasukan Z]] ke Singapura dan penenggelaman kapal perang ''Prince of Wales'' dan ''Repulse'' oleh serangan udara Jepang pada 10 Desember 1941. Jatuhnya Singapura yang terjadi kemudian disebutkan oleh [[Winston Churchill]] sebagai "bencana terburuk dan penyerahan yang terbesar dalam sejarah Britania".<ref name="Churchill, p. 81">{{harvnb|Churchill|1950|p=81}}</ref>
Baris 31:
* {{cite book|last=Farrell|first=Brian P.|contribution=Introduction|editor-last=Farrell|editor-first=Brian P.|editor2-last=Hunter|editor2-first=Sandy|year=2010|title=A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited|location=Singapore|pages=vi–xiii|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Editions|isbn=978-981-4276-26-9|oclc=462535579|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Ferris|first=John R.|contribution=Student and Master: The United Kingdom, Japan, Airpower and the Fall of Singapore|editor-last=Farrell|editor-first=Brian P.|editor2-last=Hunter|editor2-first=Sandy|year=2010|title=A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited|location=Singapore|pages=74–97|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Editions|isbn=978-981-4276-26-9|oclc=462535579|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Field|first=Andrew|title=Royal Navy Strategy in the Far East 1919–1939: Preparing for the War against Japan|url=https://archive.org/details/royalnavystrateg0000fiel|series=Cass Series&nbsp;– Naval Policy and History|year=2004|publisher=Frank Cass|location=London|issn=1366-9478|isbn=0-7146-5321-7|oclc=52688002|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Gill|first=G. Hermon|title=Royal Australian Navy 1939–1942|series=[[Australia in the War of 1939–1945]]|location=Canberra|publisher=[[Australian War Memorial]]|year=1957|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910|accessdate=15 April 2012|isbn=0-00-217479-0|oclc=848228|ref=harv|archive-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525001721/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Gillison|first=Douglas|year=1962|format=PDF|series=Australia in the War of 1939–1945|title=Royal Australian Air Force 1939–1942|location=Canberra|publisher=Australian War Memorial|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67912|accessdate=15 April 2012|oclc=2000369|ref=harv|archive-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014171236/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67912|dead-url=yes}}
Baris 38:
* {{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Greg|contribution=Symbol of Imperial Defence|editor-last=Farrell|editor-first=Brian P.|editor2-last=Hunter|editor2-first=Sandy|year=2010|title=A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited|location=Singapore|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Editions|isbn=978-981-4276-26-9|oclc=462535579|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Long|first=Gavin|authorlink=Gavin Long|title=To Benghazi|year=1952|format=PDF|series=Australia in the War of 1939–1945|publisher=Australian War Memorial|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67903|accessdate=24 September 2009|location=Canberra|oclc=18400892|ref=harv|archive-date=2009-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525001435/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67903|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=McGibbon|first= Ian C.|title= Blue-Water Rationale: The Naval Defence of New Zealand, 1914–1942|url=https://archive.org/details/bluewaterrationa0000mcgi|year= 1981|publisher= Government Printer|location= Wellington|isbn= 0-477-01072-5|oclc=8494032|page=|pages= }}
* {{cite book|title=The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Naval Base, 1919–1942|series=Cambridge Commonwealth Series|first=W. David|last=McIntyre|publisher=MacMillan Press|year=1979|location=London|isbn=0-333-24867-8|oclc=5860782|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Millett|first=Alan R.|contribution=Assault from the Sea-The Development Of Amphibious Warfare between the Wars : the American, British and Japanese Experiences|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Williamson|editor2-last=Millett|editor2-first=Alan R|pages=50–95[https://archive.org/details/militaryinnovati0000unse_b9s5/page/50 50]–95|title=Military Innovation in the Interwar Period|url=https://archive.org/details/militaryinnovati0000unse_b9s5|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1996|isbn=0-521-55241-9|oclc=33334760|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Murfett|first=Malcolm M.|contribution=An Enduring Theme: The Singapore Strategy|editor-last=Farrell|editor-first=Brian P.|editor2-last=Hunter|editor2-first=Sandy|year=2010|title=A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited|location=Singapore|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Editions|isbn=978-981-4276-26-9|oclc=462535579|ref=harv }}
* {{cite journal |last=Paterson |first=Rab |title=The Fall of Fortress Singapore: Churchill's Role and the Conflicting Interpretations |url=http://fla-sir.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/7/1/2471121/sir30-paterson.pdf |journal=Sophia International Review |publisher=Sophia University |issn=0288-4607 |volume=30 |year=2008 |accessdate=14 March 2011 |ref=harv |archive-date=2017-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801032406/http://fla-sir.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/7/1/2471121/sir30-paterson.pdf |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite book|last=Roskill|first=S. W.|authorlink=Stephen W. Roskill|series=[[History of the Second World War]]|title=The War at Sea: Volume I: the Defensive|location=London|publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office|year=1954|oclc=66711112|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last=Till|first=Geoffrey|contribution=Adopting the Carrier Aircraft : the British, American and Japanese Case Studies|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Williamson|editor2-last=Millett|editor2-first=Alan R|pages=191–226[https://archive.org/details/militaryinnovati0000unse_b9s5/page/191 191]–226|title=Military Innovation in the Interwar Period|url=https://archive.org/details/militaryinnovati0000unse_b9s5|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1996|isbn=0-521-55241-9|oclc=33334760|ref=harv }}
* {{cite journal |last=Tate |first=Merze |last2=Foy |first2=Fidele |title=More Light on the Abrogation of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance |journal=Political Science Quarterly |volume= 74 |issue= 4 |date=December 1959 |pages=pp. 532–554 |publisher=The Academy of Political Science |jstor=2146422 |issn=0032-3195 |ref=harv |doi=10.2307/2146422 }}
* {{cite book|last=Wigmore|first=Lionel|title=The Japanese Thrust|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67906|accessdate=25 December 2008|series=Australia in the War of 1939–1945|publisher=Australian War Memorial|location=Canberra|year=1957|format=PDF|oclc=3134219|ref=harv|archive-date=2013-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012080920/http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67906|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book|last=Wynn|first=Humphrey|title=RAF Nuclear Deterrent Forces|location=London|publisher=The Stationery Office|year = 1994|isbn=0-11-772833-0|oclc=31612798|ref=harv }}
{{refend}}
{{singapura-stub}}
 
[[Kategori:Singapura]]
 
 
{{singapura-stub}}