Pelarangan di Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Menghapus Kategori:Amerika Serikat dalam tahun 1920-an; Menambah Kategori:Amerika Serikat tahun 1920-an menggunakan HotCat |
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'''Pelarangan di Amerika Serikat''', juga dikenal sebagai '''The Noble Experiment''', adalah masa mulai 1920 hingga 1933 ketika penjualan, pembuatan, dan penyebaran [[minuman alkohol|alkohol]] dilarang secara nasional<ref name="test">[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/2/2007_2_70.shtml Wayne Curtis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917003441/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/2/2007_2_70.shtml |date=2009-09-17 }} "Bootleg Paradise," ''American Heritage'', April/May 2007.</ref> seperti yang diamanatkan dalam [[Amendemen Kedelapanbelas Konstitusi Amerika Serikat]].
Di bawah tekanan dari
"[[Undang-Undang Volstead]]", nama populer untuk Undang-Undang Pelarangan Nasional, disahkan melalui [[Kongres Amerika Serikat|Kongres]] dengan [[veto]] [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden]] [[Woodrow Wilson]] pada 28 Oktober 1919 dan menetapkan definisi hukum terhadap minuman keras memabukkan disertai hukuman bagi siapapun yang memproduksinya.<ref name="nih2006">"Beer: A History of Brewing in Chicago", Bob Skilnik, Baracade Books, 2006 and The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, [http://www.alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/index.asp?SEC=%7B3ECBC0E9-7449-48A2-B50F-8527B115780D%7D&Type=B_BASIC]</ref> Meski UU Volstead melarang penjualan alkohol, pemerintah federal hanya bertindak sedikit dalam penegakan hukum. Pada 1925, di [[New York City]] saja, terdapat 30.000 hingga 100.000 klub [[speakeasy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/volstead-act/ |title=Teaching With Documents: The Volstead Act and Related Prohibition Documents |publisher=United States National Archives |date=2008-02-14 |accessdate=2009-03-24}}</ref>
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://eh.net/encyclopedia/miron.prohibition.alcohol.php Alcohol prohibition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829170243/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/miron.prohibition.alcohol.php |date=2012-08-29 }} (ensiklopedia [[sejarah ekonomi]] EH.Net)
* [http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/miron/files/drunk_revised_for_el.pdf The Effect of Alcohol Prohibition on Alcohol Consumption (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916232734/http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/miron/files/drunk_revised_for_el.pdf |date=2011-09-16 }}
* [http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=441 Hypertext History — U.S. Prohibition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060225000250/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=441 |date=2006-02-25 }}
* [http://historyofalcoholanddrugs.typepad.com/alcohol_and_drugs_history/prohibition/index.html Prohibition news page] — [[Alcohol and Drugs History Society]]
* [http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/p/prohibition.htm About.com: Prohibition (in the U.S.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807092510/http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/p/prohibition.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}
* [http://www.druglibrary.org/Prohibitionresults.htm Did Prohibition Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Crime?]
* [http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/wick/index.html Report on the Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws of the United States by the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (Wickersham Commission Report on Alcohol Prohibition)]
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