J.K. Rowling: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox writer
| name = J. K. Rowling
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CH|OBE|HonFRSE|FRCPE|FRSL|size=100%}}
| image = J. K. Rowling 2010.jpg
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}}
'''Joanne<!--Her name does NOT contain "Kathleen"; see the section "Name"--> Rowling''', {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|CH|OBE|HonFRSE|FRCPE|FRSL|size=85%|sep=,}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|əʊ|l|ɪ|ŋ}} {{respell|ROH|ling}};{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=241}} {{lahirmati||31|7|1965}}), dikenal dengan [[nama pena]] '''J. K. Rowling''', adalah seorang penulis, filantropis, produser film, dan penulis skenario Inggris. Dia adalah penulis seri ''[[Harry Potter]]'', yang telah memenangkan banyak penghargaan dan terjual lebih dari 500 juta kopi pada tahun 2018,<ref name=Top500M/> dan pada 2008 menjadi seri buku anak-anak terlaris dalam sejarah.<ref>{{cite web |title=Record for best-selling book series |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/5000/best-selling-book-series-for-children |publisher=Guinness World Records |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023212942/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/5000/best-selling-book-series-for-children |archive-date=23 October 2012|access-date=18 April 2012}}</ref> Buku-buku tersebut menjadi landasan diproduksinya [[Harry Potter (seri film)|seri film populer]]. Rowling juga menulis [[fiksi kriminal]] dengan nama pena '''Robert Galbraith'''.
Lahir di [[Yate]], [[Gloucestershire]], Rowling bekerja sebagai peneliti dan sekretaris dwibahasa untuk [[Amnesty International]] pada tahun 1990 ketika ia menyusun ide untuk seri ''Harry Potter'' saat berada di dalam kereta yang terlambat dari [[Manchester]] ke [[London]]. Selama tujuh tahun berikutnya, ia mengalami berbagai peristiwa, seperti kematian ibunya, kelahiran anak pertamanya, perceraian dengan suami pertamanya, dan hidup dalam kemiskinan sampai novel pertamanya, ''[[Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah]]'', diterbitkan pada tahun 1997. Novel tersebut dilanjutkan dengan enam sekuel, yang terakhir dirilis pada tahun 2007. Sejak saat itu, Rowling telah menulis beberapa buku untuk pembaca dewasa, antara lain ''[[Perebutan Kursi Kosong]]'' (2012), dan dengan nama samaran Robert Galbraith, ia menulis seri fiksi kriminal ''[[Cormoran Strike]]''. Pada tahun 2020, buku "dongeng politik" karangannya, ''[[The Ickabog]]'', dirilis dalam bentuk cerita bersambung secara daring.
Kehidupan Rowling berubah drastis, mulai dari hidup dengan mengandalkan tunjangan pemerintah sampai dinobatkan menjadi penulis miliarder pertama di dunia oleh ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=The world's first billionaire author is cashing in|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/07/31/the-worlds-first-billionaire-author-is-cashing-in.html|date=31 July 2015|last1=Giuliano|first1=Karissa|last2=Whitten|first2=Sarah|work=CNBC|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620132211/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/07/31/the-worlds-first-billionaire-author-is-cashing-in.html|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Couric2005>[[Katie Couric|Couric, Katie]] (18 July 2005). [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/8599597 J.K. Rowling, the author with the magic touch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128233720/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8599597 |date=28 November 2019}}. MSN. Retrieved 13 June 2020.</ref> ''Forbes'' melaporkan bahwa Rowling kehilangan status miliardernya setelah menyumbangkan sebagian besar penghasilannya untuk amal. Total penghasilan dari penjualan buku-bukunya di Inggris melebihi £238 juta, menjadikannya sebagai penulis buku terlaris yang masih hidup di Inggris.<ref>{{cite news|title=J.K. Rowling: Casual Vacancy tops fiction charts|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9584404/JK-Rowling-Casual-Vacancy-tops-fiction-charts.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=4 October 2012|first=Emma-Victoria|last=Farr|date=3 October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004003423/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9584404/JK-Rowling-Casual-Vacancy-tops-fiction-charts.html|archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> ''Sunday Times'' memperkirakan kekayaan Rowling sebesar £820 juta pada tahun 2021, menjadikannya orang terkaya ke-196 di Inggris.<ref name=wealth>{{cite news|date=21 May 2021|title=JK Rowling net worth – Sunday Times Rich List 2021|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sunday-times-rich-list-jk-rowling-net-worth-rhrbq7ctc|url-status=live|work=[[The Sunday Times]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211113164421/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sunday-times-rich-list-jk-rowling-net-worth-rhrbq7ctc|archive-date=13 November 2021|access-date=1 January 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rowling
Majalah [[Time (majalah)|''Time'']] menempatkannya di posisi kedua [[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]] 2007, menghargai inspirasi sosial, moral, dan politik yang ia berikan kepada para [[Fandom Harry Potter|penggemarnya]].<ref>Gibbs, Nancy (19 December 2007). [http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695436,00.html Person of the Year 2007: Runners-Up: J.K. Rowling] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221164141/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695436,00.html |date=21 December 2007}}. ''Time'' magazine. Retrieved 23 December 2007.</ref> Pada Oktober 2010, ia dinobatkan sebagai "
==Nama==
Meskipun ia menulis dengan memakai nama pena J.K. Rowling, sebelum menikah kembali namanya adalah Joanne Rowling,{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=76}} atau Jo.{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=12}} Saat dilahirkan, ia tidak memiliki nama tengah.{{Sfn|Kirk|2003|p=76}} Karyawan di [[Bloomsbury Publishing]] meminta agar ia menggunakan dua inisial, bukannya nama lengkap, untuk mengantisipasi bahwa anak laki-laki – target pembaca mereka – tidak akan mau membaca buku yang ditulis oleh seorang
==Kehidupan dan karier==
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[[File:Platform 9 3-4 (King's Cross station, London, 2014).jpg|upright|thumb|left|Orang tua Rowling bertemu di kereta api dari [[Stasiun kereta api King's Cross|Stasiun King's Cross]]; gerbang ke dunia sihir adalah "Peron 9¾" di King's Cross.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=1, 39, 224}}|alt=A sign reading "Platform 9¾" with half of a luggage trolley installed beneath, at the interior of King's Cross railway station.]]
Joanne Rowling lahir pada 31 Juli 1965 di Cottage Hospital di [[Yate]].<ref name=AboutJKR/>{{efn|
Joanne memiliki adik perempuan bernama Dianne, yang dua tahun lebih muda dari dirinya.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=2}} Saat Joanne berusia empat tahun, keluarganya pindah ke [[Winterbourne, Gloucestershire]].<ref name=OldBio/>{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=7–8}} Dia mulai bersekolah di Sekolah Dasar St Michael di Winterbourne ketika berusia lima tahun.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=2}}{{efn|
Saat Rowling berusia sembilan tahun, orang tuanya membeli [[Church Cottage, Tutshill|Church Cottage]] yang bersejarah di [[Tutshill]].{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=22, 25–27, 39}}{{efn|Smith
===Sekolah menengah dan universitas===
[[File:Church Cottage, Tutshill.jpg|thumb|right|[[Church Cottage, Tutshill|Church Cottage]], rumah masa kecil Rowling]]
Rowling menempuh pendidikan sekolah menengah di [[Wyedean School and College]], sebuah sekolah negeri yang dimasukinya pada usia sebelas tahun{{sfn|Kirk|2003|loc=p. 33. The years of British secondary school are equivalent to the United States grades of 6–12; Kirk compares them to the seven years of the books in the ''Harry Potter'' series}} dan tempat ia pernah dirisak.{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=39}}{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=66–67}} Rowling mendapatkan inspirasi menulis dari guru favoritnya, Lucy Shepherd, yang mengajarkan pentingnya struktur dan ketelitian dalam menulis.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=56–58}}{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=36}} Smith menulis bahwa Rowling "sangat ingin memainkan [[Gitar elektrik|gitar listrik]] yang berat",{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=54}} dan menggambarkan Rowling sebagai gadis "cerdas namun pemalu".{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=61}} Menurut gurunya Dale Neuschwander, Rowling membuat para guru terkesan dengan imajinasinya.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=55–56}} Ketika Rowling beranjak remaja, bibi buyutnya memberinya buku ''[[Hons and Rebels]]'', autobiografi aktivis hak asasi [[Jessica Mitford]].{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=62}} Mitford segera menjadi idola Rowling, dan ia membaca semua buku-bukunya.<ref name=HarryMe>{{Cite news|last=Fraser|first=Lindsay|date=9 November 2002|title=Harry and me|url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/harry-and-me-2461742|access-date=7 January 2022|work=[[The Scotsman]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609191643/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/harry-and-me-2461742 |archive-date=9 June 2021}}</ref>
Anne memiliki pengaruh yang kuat pada kedua putrinya.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=2}} Pada awal kehidupan Rowling, dukungan dari ibu dan adik perempuannya menanamkan kepercayaan diri dan antusiasmenya untuk mendongeng.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=12–13}} Anne adalah seorang juru masak yang kreatif dan ulung,{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=16–17}}{{efn|Smith
Anne Rowling didiagnosis mengidap penyakit [[sklerosis multipel]] ketika ia berusia 34{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=40}} atau 35 tahun dan Jo berusia 15 tahun,{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=71, 74}} dan Anne harus berhenti dari pekerjaannya.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=74–75}} Kehidupan rumah Rowling diperumit oleh penyakit ibunya{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=xii}} dan hubungan yang buruk dengan ayahnya.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=4}} Rowling kemudian mengungkapkan bahwa "rumah adalah tempat yang sulit untuk ditinggali",{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=72}} dan mengakui masa remajanya tidak bahagia.<ref name=Parker2012/> Pada tahun 2020, Rowling mengungkapkan bahwa ayahnya sebenarnya lebih mengharapkan anak laki-laki dan mengakui bahwa dirinya mengalami [[gangguan obsesif kompulsif]] yang parah pada masa remajanya.<ref name=RowlingReasons/> Ia mulai merokok, tertarik pada [[musik rok alternatif]],{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=40}} dan meniru rambut sisir belakang ala [[Siouxsie Sioux]] dan memakai [[celak]] hitam.<ref name=JKRStory/> Sean Harris, sahabatnya saat SMA, memiliki [[Ford Anglia#Anglia 105E|Ford Anglia]] berwarna pirus yang membantunya melarikan diri dari kehidupan di rumahnya yang kacau dan menjadi sarana bagi Harris dan Rowling untuk melebarkan kegiatan mereka.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=76–78}}{{efn|Rowling
Tinggal di kota kecil dengan banyak tekanan di rumah, Rowling lebih tertarik pada pekerjaan sekolahnya.{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=40}} Steve Eddy, guru bahasa Inggrisnya di SMP, mengingat Rowling sebagai murid yang "tidak berkelebihan" tetapi "salah satu gadis yang cerdas dan cukup pandai dalam [[bahasa Inggris]]".<ref name=Parker2012/> Rowling mengikuti ujian [[A-level]] bahasa Inggris, Perancis dan Jerman, memperoleh dua nilai A dan B dan diangkat sebagai ketua murid di Wyedean.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=79–81}} Rowling mendaftar ke [[Universitas Oxford]] pada tahun 1982 tetapi ditolak.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=2}} Penulis biografinya mengungkapkan bahwa penolakannya ini berhubungan dengan [[privilese]], karena ia bersekolah di sekolah negeri, bukannya di sekolah swasta.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=80–81}}{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=42}}
Rowling bercita-cita menjadi penulis,{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=90}} tetapi memilih jurusan bahasa Prancis dan klasik di [[Universitas Exeter]] karena alasan praktis, yang dipengaruhi oleh orang tuanya yang berpendapat bahwa prospek pekerjaan akan lebih bagus jika memiliki kemampuan [[dwibahasa]].{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=44}} Rowling kelak mengungkapkan bahwa Exeter awalnya tidak seperti yang ia harapkan ("berada di tengah-tengah orang yang sama-sama bepikiran radikal"), tetapi ia perlahan menikmati masa perkuliahannya setelah bertemu dengan teman-teman yang seperti dirinya. Rowling tergolong mahasiswa rata-rata di Exeter, digambarkan oleh para penulis biografinya sebagai gadis yang "mengutamakan kehidupan sosialnya dibanding kehidupan akademis, kurang berambisi dan tidak antusias".{{sfn|Kirk|2003|pp=44–45}}{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=89–90}} Rowling mengungkapkan bahwa ia tidak melakukan banyak hal di kampus, lebih memilih untuk membaca [[Charles Dickens|Dickens]] dan [[J. R. R. Tolkien|Tolkien]].<ref name=Parker2012/> Ia memperoleh gelar [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] dalam bahasa Prancis dari Exeter,{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=95–97}} lulus pada tahun 1987 setelah belajar selama satu tahun di [[Paris]].{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=97}}
===Inspirasi dan kematian ibu===
Setelah lulus kuliah, Rowling pindah ke sebuah flat di [[Clapham Junction]] bersama teman-temannya,<ref>Smith 2002, pp. 104–5 says [[Clapham]]; Kirk 2003, p. 49 says Clapham but p. 67 says [[Clapham Junction]]. Rowling tweeted in 2020 that she first put pen to paper in Clapham Junction. {{cite news
Rowling pindah ke Manchester pada bulan November 1990.<ref name=HarryMe/><!-- says about a month before her mother died, which was December--> Ia menjelaskan waktu yang dihabiskannya di Manchester sebagai "tahun-tahun kesengsaraan".{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=106}} Di Manchester, ia bekerja di [[Kamar Dagang]]{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=3}} dan bekerja sambilan di [[Universitas Manchester]].{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=108}} Ibunya meninggal dunia akibat SM pada 30 Desember 1990.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=109–10}} Rowling sedang menulis ''Harry Potter'' pada saat itu dan belum sempat memberitahu ibunya mengenai hal tersebut.<ref name=dt>{{cite news|last=Greig|first=Geordie|date=10 January 2006|title='There would be so much to tell her...'|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|id={{ProQuest|321301864}}|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1507438/There-would-be-so-much-to-tell-her....html|page=25}}</ref> Ia memiliki hubungan yang tidak baik dengan ayahnya,<ref name=Parker2012/> dan kematian ibunya sangat memengaruhi penulisan Rowling.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=109–12}} Rowling kelak mengungkapkan bahwa [[Cermin Tarsah]] diilhami oleh kematian ibunya,{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=111}} dan menyatakan adanya "hubungan yang jelas" antara Harry menghadapi kematiannya dengan kehidupannya sendiri.{{sfn|Cruz|2008}}
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===Pernikahan, perceraian, dan ibu tunggal===
[[File:VistadoPorto.jpg|thumbnail|left|Rowling pindah ke Porto untuk mengajar bahasa Inggris.|alt=A panned out image of city buildings.]]
Lima bulan setelah tiba di Porto, Rowling bertemu dengan wartawan televisi Portugis bernama Jorge Arantes di sebuah bar dan mengetahui bahwa mereka sama-sama mengidolakan [[Jane Austen]].{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=121–22}} Pada pertengahan 1992, mereka merencanakan perjalanan ke London untuk memperkenalkan Arantes kepada keluarga Rowling, tetapi Rowling mengalami keguguran.{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=127}} Hubungan mereka bermasalah, tetapi mereka tetap menikah pada tanggal 16 Oktober 1992.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=127–31}}{{efn|Pugh
Rowling mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga semasa pernikahannya.<ref name=RowlingReasons/>{{sfn|Kirk|2003|loc=p. 57: "Soon, by many eyewitness accounts and even some versions of Jorge's own story, domestic violence became a painful reality in Jo's life."}} Arantes mengungkapkan pada Juni 2020 bahwa ia menampar Rowling dan tidak menyesalinya.<ref>{{cite web|title=JK Rowling: Sun newspaper criticised by abuse charities for article on ex-husband|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53023543|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=12 June 2020|access-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612132451/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53023543|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Rowling menggambarkan pernikahannya "singkat dan bencana".{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=3}} Ia dan Arantes berpisah pada 17 November 1993 setelah Arantes mengusirnya dari rumah; Rowling kembali bersama polisi untuk mengambil Jessica dan bersembunyi selama dua minggu sebelum ia meninggalkan Portugal.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=133–34}} Pada akhir 1993, dengan draf ''Harry Potter'' di kopernya,<ref name=Parker2012/> Rowling pindah bersama putrinya ke [[Edinburgh]], [[Skotlandia]],<ref name=AboutJKR/> berencana tinggal bersama adik perempuannya untuk menghabiskan Natal.<ref name=HarryMe/>
Penulis biografi Smith mengajukan pertanyaan mengapa Rowling memilih untuk tinggal bersama adiknya, bukannya ayahnya.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=136–37}} Rowling menjelaskan mengenai hubungannya yang buruk dengan ayahnya, mengungkapkan dalam sebuah wawancara dengan [[Oprah Winfrey]] bahwa "hubungan tersebut bukan hubungan yang baik dari sudut pandang saya untuk waktu yang sangat lama, tetapi saya perlu menghibur diri dan saya terus melakukannya untuk waktu yang lama. Tetapi saya sampai pada titik di mana saya harus berhenti dan mengatakan saya tidak bisa melakukan ini lagi."{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=4}} Ayah Rowling, Pete, menikahi sekretarisnya dua tahun setelah kematian Anne,{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=136}} dan ''[[The Scotsman]]'' melaporkan pada tahun 2003 bahwa "keputusan sang ayah yang buru-buru menikah dengan sekretarisnya membuat dua kakak beradik tersebut tertekan dan keretakan memisahkan mereka berdua dan ayahnya."<ref name=JKRStory/> Rowling mengungkapkan pada tahun 2012 bahwa ia tidak berbicara dengan ayahnya dalam sembilan tahun terakhir.<ref name=Parker2012/>
Rowling mengupayakan bantuan dari pemerintah dan memperoleh tunjangan sebesar £69 ($103,50) per minggu dari [[Kesejahteraan sosial|Jaminan Sosial]]. Ia tidak ingin membebani adik perempuannya yang baru saja menikah dan pindah ke sebuah flat yang menurutnya lebih mirip "sarang tikus".{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=138–39}} Rowling kelak menggambarkan status ekonominya saat itu dengan kondisi "miskin karena hidup pada masa Inggris modern tetapi tidak menjadi tunawisma". Tujuh tahun setelah lulus dari universitas, Rowling menganggap dirinya gagal.<ref name=RowlingTED>{{cite web |first=JK |last=Rowling |title=JK Rowling: The fringe benefits of failure |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TED]] |quote=Failure & imagination |date=June 2008 |url=http://www.ted.com/talks/jk_rowling_the_fringe_benefits_of_failure.html |access-date=5 March 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110430171632/http://www.ted.com/talks/jk_rowling_the_fringe_benefits_of_failure.html |archive-date=30 April 2011 }}</ref> [[Tison Pugh]] menulis bahwa "efek memilukan kemiskinan, ditambah dengan perhatiannya untuk menafkahi putrinya sebagai orang tua tunggal, menimbulkan kesulitan besar".{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=3}} Pernikahannya gagal dan ia menganggur, ditambah dengan seorang anak yang menjadi tanggungan, tetapi Rowling mengungkapkan bahwa situasi ini membuatnya bisa lebih fokus menulis.<ref name=RowlingTED/> Rowling mengatakan bahwa "Jessica membuat saya terus maju".{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=136}} Teman sekolahnya, Sean Harris, meminjamkannya uang sebesar £600 ($900) sehingga ia bisa pindah ke flat yang lebih bagus di [[Leith]],{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=140}} dan di sanalah ia menyelesaikan ''Batu Bertuah''.{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=140}}
Arantes tiba di Skotlandia pada bulan Maret 1994 untuk mencari Rowling dan Jessica.<ref name=JKRStory/>{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=141}} Pada 15 Maret 1994, Rowling meminta tindakan perlindungan diri kepada pihak berwajib dan Arantes kembali ke Portugal.<ref name=JKRStory/>{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=142}} Pada awal tahun tersebut, Rowling mulai mengalami depresi berat{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=60}} dan meminta bantuan medis saat ia mulai berpikir untuk [[bunuh diri]].{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=3}}{{efn|
Rowling bertekad menyelesaikan bukunya sebelum mendaftar kursus pelatihan guru, karena khawatir ia tidak akan bisa menyelesaikannya begitu memulai kursus tersebut.<ref name=HarryMe/> Rowling sering kali menulis di kafe,{{sfn|Kirk|2003|pp=55, 60}} termasuk kafe Nicolson milik adik iparnya.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=144–46}} Gajinya sebagai sekretaris sebesar £15 ($22,50) per minggu, tetapi ia akan kehilangan tunjangan pemerintah jika pendapatannya lebih besar.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=147–48}} Pada musim panas 1995, seorang temannya memberinya uang yang dimanfaatkannya agar bisa menjadi guru penuh waktu di sekolah.{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=149}} Karena sangat membutuhkan uang dan berharap bisa mencari nafkah dengan mengajar,{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=173}} Rowling memulai kursus pelatihan guru pada bulan Agustus 1995 di [[Moray House School of Education]]{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=148–49}} setelah menyelesaikan novel pertamanya.{{sfn|Anelli|2008|p=44}} Rowling memperoleh sertifikat mengajarnya pada bulan Juli 1996.{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=76}} Rowling kelak mengungkapkan bahwa menulis buku ''Harry Potter'' pertama telah menyelamatkan hidupnya, dan kekhawatirannya mengenai "cinta, kehilangan, perpisahan, dan kematian tercermin dalam buku pertama".{{sfn|Cruz|2008}}
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[[File:Potter queue.jpg|thumb|Toko buku di [[California]] lima menit sebelum ''[[Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian|Relikui Kematian]]'' dirilis.]]
Rowling menyelesaikan ''Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah'' pada bulan Juni 1995.{{sfn|Anelli|2008|pp=41, 47}} Draf awal bukunya memuat gambar Harry di dekat perapian, menampakkan bekas luka berbentuk sambaran petir di dahinya.{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=152}} Setelah adanya laporan mengenai antusiasme pembaca pertama, [[Christopher Little Literary Agency]] setuju untuk mewakili Rowling mencari penerbit. Naskah buku tersebut dikirimkan kepada dua belas penerbit, yang kesemuanya menolak.<ref name=JKRStory/> Barry Cunningham, yang mengelola departemen sastra anak di [[Bloomsbury Publishing]], akhirnya membeli naskah tersebut.{{sfn|Kirk|2003|p=75}} [[Nigel Newton]], kepala Bloomsbury pada saat itu, memutuskan untuk menerbitkan naskah setelah putrinya yang berusia delapan tahun membaca bab pertama dan penasaran dengan kelanjutannya.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=3}}<ref>{{cite news | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929175706/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/6/story.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10333960| archive-date=29 September 2007|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/6/story.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10333960 |title=Revealed: The eight-year-old girl who saved Harry Potter |last1=Lawless|first1=John |date=3 July 2005 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=6 October 2011}}</ref> Meskipun Bloomsbury bersedia menerbitkan buku tersebut, Rowling mengenang Cunningham pernah berkata kepadanya, "Kamu tidak akan pernah menghasilkan uang dari buku anak-anak, Jo."{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=162}} Rowling menerima dana hibah penulis dari [[Dewan Seni Skotlandia]]{{efn|
''Batu Bertuah'' (diterbitkan di Inggris dengan judul ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'') memperkenalkan karakter [[Harry Potter (karakter)|Harry Potter]]. Harry adalah seorang [[penyihir]] yang tinggal bersama keluarga [[Muggle|nonpenyihir]] sampai ulang tahunnya yang kesebelas, ketika ia diundang untuk bersekolah di [[Sekolah Sihir Hogwarts]].{{sfn|Hahn|2015|pp=[[iarchive:oxfordcompaniont0000hahn/page/264/mode/1up|264–66]]}}{{sfn|Mamary|2020|pp=1–3}} Rowling menulis enam sekuel, yang mengisahkan petualangan Harry di Hogwarts bersama sahabatnya, [[Hermione Granger]] dan [[Ron Weasley]], serta upayanya untuk mengalahkan penyihir hitam [[Lord Voldemort]], yang membunuh orang tua Harry ketika ia berusia satu tahun. Dalam ''Batu Bertuah'', Harry menggagalkan upaya Voldemort untuk mendapatkan [[Ramuan panjang umur|cairan kehidupan]]; dalam ''[[Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian|Relikui Kematian]]'', Harry berhasil membunuh Voldemort.{{sfn|Hahn|2015|pp=[[iarchive:oxfordcompaniont0000hahn/page/264/mode/1up|264–66]]}}
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Pada tahun 1998, Rowling dijuluki oleh media sebagai "janda miskin yang memenangkan jackpot".{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=187–88}} Menurut penulis biografinya Sean Smith, publisitas menjadi strategi pemasaran yang efektif dalam penjualan seri ''Harry Potter''.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=187–88}} Tetapi perjalanan Rowling mulai dari hidup dengan mengandalkan tunjangan dari pemerintah sampai menjadi kaya raya dan terkenal, telah memunculkan kekhawatiran dari para orang tua terkait [[#Tanggapan religius|penggambaran okultisme]] dan [[#Pengelompokan sosial dan gender|gender]] di dalam buku.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=218–22}} Meskipun demikian, Smith berpandangan bahwa kekhawatiran ini berperan dalam "meningkatkan profil publik Rowling, bukannya merusaknya".{{sfn|Smith|2002|p=222}}
Rowling mengakui dirinya adalah seorang penganut Kristiani.<ref name=Fantasia>{{Cite web|last=Nelson|first=Michael|date=31 January 2002|title=Fantasia: The Gospel According to C.S. Lewis|url=https://prospect.org/api/content/3229353b-1de2-5f2d-89cf-1440fe7c9594/|access-date=12 January 2022|website=[[The American Prospect]]}}</ref> Meskipun ia tumbuh besar di sebelah gereja,{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=25–27, 76}} keluarganya jarang datang ke gereja.{{efn|Smith
Rowling menikah dengan seorang dokter bernama Neil Murray pada 26 Desember 2001.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=271–73}} Setelah Komisi Pengaduan Pers Inggris memutuskan bahwa sebuah majalah telah melanggar privasi Jessica dengan memuat foto anak di bawah umur saat Rowling berlibur bersama keluarganya pada bulan Agustus 2001,{{sfn|Holmes|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5MNzCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203e 203]}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pcc.org.uk/cases/adjudicated.html?article=MjA0NQ== |publisher= Press Complaints Commission|access-date=1 February 2022|title=Adjudicated complaints: J K Rowling}}</ref> Murray dan Rowling berupaya mencari tempat yang lebih pribadi dan tenang untuk tinggal dan bekerja.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=261–62, 266–67}} Rowling membeli [[Killiechassie House]] di [[Perthshire]], Skotlandia,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/hogwarts-hideaway-potter-author-2467790|title=Hogwarts hideaway for Potter author|work=[[The Scotsman]]|date=22 November 2001|access-date=25 October 2007|url-access=registration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613172843/https://www.scotsman.com/news/hogwarts-hideaway-potter-author-2467790|archive-date=13 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> dan pasangan tersebut menggelar pernikahan kecil pribadi di sana, yang diberkati oleh seorang pendeta Episkopal dari Edinburgh.{{sfn|Smith|2002|pp=271–73}} Putra mereka, David Gordon Rowling Murray, lahir pada tahun 2003,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/2883095.stm|title=Baby joy for JK Rowling|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=24 March 2003|access-date=24 March 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201195555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/2883095.stm|archive-date=1 February 2009}}</ref> dan putri mereka Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray lahir pada 2005.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=JK Rowling |title= News: JKR gives birth to baby girl | url=http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=83 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112121859/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=83 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date= 19 January 2022 |date= 25 January 2005}}</ref> Pada tahun 2020, Rowling dikabarkan memiliki rumah bergaya [[Arsitektur Georgia|Georgia]] senilai £4,5 juta di [[Kensington]] dan rumah senilai £2 juta di Edinburgh.<ref name=2020NetWorth>{{cite news |title=JK Rowling net worth 2020: How much the Harry Potter author earns and donates to charity |last=Hills |first=Megan C. |date=7 May 2020|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/celebrity/j-k-rowling-net-worth-harry-potter-author-billionaire-a4234706.html|work=[[Evening Standard]]|access-date=12 January 2022}}</ref>
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{{cite news|title=JK Rowling directs anger at lawyers after secret identity revealed|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jul/18/jk-rowling-anger-lawyers-secret-identity|access-date=19 July 2013|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=18 July 2013|first=James|last=Meikle|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013065654/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jul/18/jk-rowling-anger-lawyers-secret-identity|archive-date=13 October 2013}}</ref>
Seri novel detektif ''[[Cormoran Strike]]'' dilanjutkan dengan perilisan ''[[Ulat Sutra (novel)|Ulat Sutra]]'' (''The Silkworm'') pada tahun 2014;{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=592}} ''[[Titian Kejahatan]]'' (''Career of Evil'') pada 2015;{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=618}} ''[[Kuda Putih (novel)|Kuda Putih]]'' (''Lethal White'') pada 2018;<ref name=LethalReveal>{{cite web|date=10 July 2018|title=Lethal White: JK Rowling reveals Strike release date|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44779006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027174350/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44779006|archive-date=27 October 2018|access-date=27 October 2018|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> dan ''[[Kecamuk Darah]]'' (''Troubled Blood'') pada 2020.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rodger|first=James|date=19 February 2020|title=JK Rowling announces fifth Cormoran Strike novel Troubled Blood under pseudonym Robert Galbraith|work=[[Birmingham Mail]]|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/jk-rowling-announces-fifth-cormoran-17778415|url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620160956/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/jk-rowling-announces-fifth-cormoran-17778415|archive-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> Cormoran Strike adalah veteran [[Perang Afganistan]] cacat yang memakai kaki palsu.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Molin|first1=Peter C.|year=2015|title=A 'phrase too cute to do our ugliness justice': Portraying 'Wounded Warriors' in contemporary war fiction|url=https://www.wlajournal.com/wlaarchive/27/Molin.pdf|journal=[[War, Literature & the Arts]]|volume=27|pages=15–18|id={{ProQuest|1813553141}}|access-date=2022-02-15|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705162815/https://www.wlajournal.com/wlaarchive/27/Molin.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Cormoran tidak ramah dan pelupa, tetapi memiliki kepekaan moral yang mendalam.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=117–18}}
Pada tahun 2017, [[BBC One]] merilis [[Strike (seri TV)|''Strike'']], adaptasi televisi dari novel ''Cormoran Strike'' yang dibintangi oleh [[Tom Burke (aktor)|Tom Burke]]. Seri ini dibeli oleh HBO untuk ditayangkan di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|url=https://deadline.com/2016/10/hbcormoran-strike-hbo-drama-on-j-k-rowling-crime-novels-1201843188/|title=HBO picks up 'Cormoran Strike' crama based on J.K. Rowling's crime novels|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|date=26 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112175803/http://deadline.com/2016/10/hbcormoran-strike-hbo-drama-on-j-k-rowling-crime-novels-1201843188/|archive-date=12 January 2017}}</ref>
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Rowling terutama dikenal sebagai penulis [[fantasi]] dan [[bacaan anak|buku anak]].{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=11,20}} Tulisannya dalam genre lain seperti [[fiksi sastra]] dan [[Kriminal (genre)|misteri pembunuhan]] kurang mendapat perhatian kritikus.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=107}} Karya Rowling paling terkenal, ''Harry Potter'', digolongkan sebagai [[dongeng]], [[Bildungsroman]], dan [[Cerita sekolah|cerita sekolah asrama]].{{Sfn|Pharr|2016|p=10}}{{sfn|Alton|2008|p=211}} Tulisannya yang lain dikategorikan oleh Pugh sebagai fiksi kontemporer yang dipengaruhi sejarah (''Perebutan Kursi Kosong'') dan fiksi detektif ''hardboiled'' (''Cormoran Strike'').{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=114–16}}
Dalam ''Harry Potter'', Rowling menggabungkan peristiwa yang luar biasa dengan yang biasa.{{Sfn|Natov|2002|p=129}} Narasinya menyajikan dua dunia – dunia biasa dan fantasi – tetapi berbeda dengan dunia [[fantasi]] biasa karena unsur sihirnya tetap menyatu dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.{{sfn|Butler|2012|pp=233–34}} Menurut penulis [[Catherine Butler]], lukisan yang bergerak dan berbicara; buku menggigit pembacanya; surat meneriakkan pesannya; dan peta yang menunjukkan pergerakan secara langsung,{{Sfn|Natov|2002|p=129}}{{sfn|Butler|2012|p=234}} menjadikan [[Sihir dalam Harry Potter|dunia sihir]] ''Harry Potter'' tampak "eksotis dan familier".{{sfn|Butler|2012|p=234}} Perpaduan antara unsur realistis dan romantis meluas ke karakter ciptaan Rowling. Nama para karakter sering mengandung [[morfem]] yang mencerminkan karakteristik tokohnya: Malfoy yang rumit, Filch yang tidak menyenangkan, dan Lupin si manusia serigala.{{sfn|Park|2003|p=183}}{{Sfn|Natov|2002|p=130}} Harry adalah orang yang biasa dan mudah bergaul, dengan ciri-ciri yang umum seperti memakai kacamata pecah;{{sfn|Nikolajeva|2008|p=233}} Roni Natov menyebutnya "khas anak-anak".{{sfn|Ostry|2003|p=97}} Unsur-unsur ini berperan dalam menyoroti sikap kepahlawanan Harry, membuatnya menjadi pahlawan biasa dan juga pahlawan dongeng.{{sfn|Nikolajeva|2008|p=233}}{{sfn|Ostry|2003|pp=90, 97–98}}
Motif [[Raja Arthur|Arthurian]], Kristen dan dongeng kerap dijumpai dalam tulisan Rowling. Kemampuan Harry mencabut [[Objek sihir Harry Potter|Pedang Gryffindor]] dari [[Objek sihir Harry Potter|Topi Seleksi]] serupa dengan kisah [[Excalibur]] dalam legenda Raja Arthur.{{sfn|Alton|2008|p=216}} Kehidupannya bersama keluarga Dursley disamakan dengan [[Cinderella]].{{sfn|Gallardo|Smith|2003|p=195}} Seperti ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' karya [[C.S. Lewis]], ''Harry Potter'' sarat akan simbolisme dan [[alegori]] Kristiani. Seri ini dipandang sebagai fabel moral Kristiani dalam tradisi ''[[
===Tema===
Kematian adalah tema utama dalam seri ''Harry Potter''.{{Sfn|Ciaccio|2008|pp=39–40}}{{Sfn|Groves|2017|pp=xxi–xxii, 135–136}} Dalam buku pertama, ketika Harry memandang Cermin Tarsah, ia merasakan kegembiraan dan "kesedihan yang amat dalam" saat mengetahui hasratnya: orang tuanya, hidup dan bersamanya.{{sfn|Natov|2002|pp= 134–36}} Mengikhlaskan kehilangan orang-orang yang dicintainya menjadi pokok dari karakter Harry dan diwujudkan dalam cara yang berbeda di sepanjang seri, seperti perjuangannya menghadapi [[Dementor]].{{sfn|Natov|2002|pp=134–36}}{{sfn|Taub|Servaty-Seib|2008|pp=23–27}} Karakter lainnya di kehidupan Harry juga turut mati; ia bahkan menghadapi kematiannya sendiri dalam ''Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian''.{{Sfn|Pharr|2016|pp=20–21}} Seri ini menggunakan perspektif [[Eksistensialisme|eksistensial]] - Harry harus tumbuh cukup dewasa untuk menerima kematian.{{Sfn|Los|2008|pp=32–33}} Di dunia Harry, kematian tidaklah pasti, tetapi bisa berubah.{{Sfn|Stojilkov|2015|p=135}} Tidak seperti Voldemort, yang melawan kematian dengan cara memisahkan dan menyembunyikan jiwanya dalam tujuh bagian, jiwa Harry utuh, yang dipelihara oleh persahabatan dan cinta.{{Sfn|Los|2008|pp=32–33}} Cintalah yang membedakan kedua karakter tersebut. Harry menjadi pahlawan karena ia mencintai orang lain, bahkan rela menerima kematiannya sendiri untuk menyelamatkan orang lain, sedangkan Voldemort menjadi penjahat karena ia tidak memiliki rasa cinta.{{Sfn|Pharr|2016|pp= 14–15, 20–21}}
''Harry Potter'' dapat digolongkan sebagai cerita tentang kebaikan melawan kejahatan, meskipun pembagian moralnya tidak mutlak.{{sfn|Schanoes|2003|pp=131–32}}{{sfn|McEvoy|2016|p=207}} Kesan pertama sejumlah karakter sering kali menyesatkan. Dalam buku pertama, Harry beranggapan bahwa Quirrell bersifat baik karena ia menentang Snape, yang kelihatannya jahat; pada kenyataannya, posisi mereka terbalik. Pola ini kemudian berulang pada karakter Moody dan Snape.{{sfn|Schanoes|2003|pp= 131–32}} Dalam dunia Rowling, kebaikan dan kejahatan adalah pilihan seseorang, bukannya sifat yang melekat pada orang tersebut. Kesempatan kedua dan penebusan juga menjadi tema utama dalam seri ini.<ref>{{harvnb|Doughty|2002|pp= 247–49}}; {{harvnb|McEvoy|2016|pp=207, 211–13}}; {{harvnb|Berberich|2016|p=153}}.</ref> Hal ini tercermin dengan munculnya keraguan dalam diri Harry setelah ia mengetahui hubungan antara dirinya dengan Voldemort, seperti [[
==Penerimaan==
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==Filantropi==
Pada awal 2000, saat masih menulis seri ''Harry Potter'', Rowling mendirikan Volant Charitable Trust, yang dinamai sesuai nama ibunya.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} Misinya adalah untuk "mengurangi kesenjangan sosial, dengan penekanan khusus pada mendukung perempuan, anak-anak dan remaja yang berisiko".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volanttrust.org/about-us/ |title=About us |publisher= The Volant Charitable Trust |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> Rowling dan [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] [[Emma Nicholson]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Our history|url=https://www.wearelumos.org/who-we-are/our-history/|publisher=[[Lumos (charity)|Lumos]] |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> mendirikan yayasan [[Lumos (badan amal)|Lumos]] pada tahun 2005 (saat itu bernama Children's High Level Group).{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} Rowling ditunjuk sebagai presiden badan amal [[Gingerbread (badan amal)|Gingerbread]] (awalnya bernama One Parent Families) pada tahun 2004,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/1/lx3x1olx-5001x1oix1794x1/0/0/110707/0/0/J_K_Rowling_-_One_Parent.htm |title=J K Rowling becomes President of One Parent Families |publisher=[[Gingerbread (badan amal)|The National Council for One Parent Families]]|date=16 November 2004|access-date=20 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106031950/http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/1/lx3x1olx-5001x1oix1794x1/0/0/110707/0/0/J_K_Rowling_-_One_Parent.htm |archive-date= 6 November 2007}}</ref> setelah menjadi duta amalnya pada tahun 2000.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} Rowling juga bekerja sama dengan
Rowling sering menyumbang untuk mendukung kepentingan medis. Pada tahun 2010, ia mendirikan institusi lain untuk mengenang ibunya dan menyumbangkan £10 juta untuk pendirian pusat penelitian [[sklerosis multipel]] di [[Universitas Edinburgh]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 August 2010|title=J.K. Rowling gives millions for MS research|publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-51184720100831|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> Saat [[upacara pembukaan Olimpiade Musim Panas 2012]], disertai dengan penampilan [[Lord Voldemort]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Holmes|first=Linda|date=27 July 2012|title=The opening ceremonies In London: from the Industrial Revolution to Voldemort|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/07/27/157521409/the-opening-ceremonies-in-london-from-the-industrial-revolution-to-voldemort|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> Rowling membacakan ''[[Peter Pan]]'' sebagai bagian dari penghormatan kepada [[Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Gibson|first=Owen|date=27 July 2012|title=Danny Boyle's Olympic opening ceremony: madcap, surreal and moving|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/27/olympic-opening-ceremony|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> Untuk mendukung penanganan [[COVID-19]], Rowling menyumbang sejumlah enam digit kepada [[Khalsa Aid]] dan [[British Asian Trust]] dari hasil royalti ''The Ickabog''.<ref name=COVIDIndia>{{cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=JK Rowling donates money for COVID-19 relief work in India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/jk-rowling-donates-money-for-covid-19-relief-work-in-india/articleshow/82629822.cms|access-date=14 May 2021|work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
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[[Leveson Inquiry]], sebuah kasus investigasi pers di Inggris, menyebut Rowling sebagai "peserta inti" pada tahun 2011. Ia menjadi satu dari banyak selebriti yang diduga menjadi korban [[peretasan telepon]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Leveson phone-hacking inquiry: JK Rowling among 'core participants'|first=Lisa|last=O'Carroll|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/sep/14/leveson-phone-hacking-inquiry-jk-rowling|access-date=24 September 2011|date=14 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604135926/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/sep/14/leveson-phone-hacking-inquiry-jk-rowling|archive-date=4 June 2014}}</ref> Pada 2012, Rowling menulis opini untuk ''The Guardian'' sebagai tanggapan atas keputusan Cameron yang tidak mendukung kasus Inquiry.<ref name=Duped>{{cite news|title=I feel duped and angry at David Cameron's reaction to Leveson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/nov/30/jk-rowling-duped-angry-david-cameron-leveson|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=3 December 2012|first=JK|last=Rowling|date=30 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913014433/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/nov/30/jk-rowling-duped-angry-david-cameron-leveson|archive-date=13 September 2013}}</ref> Rowling menegaskan pendiriannya terkait "Hacked Off", sebuah kampanye yang mendukung kemandirian pers, dengan menandatangani deklarasi bersama untuk "melindungi pers dari campur tangan politik serta memberikan perlindungan vital bagi yang rentan" bersama selebriti Inggris lainnya pada tahun 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Benedict Cumberbatch, Alfonso Cuaron, Maggie Smith back U.K. press regulation |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=18 March 2014 |first=Georg |last=Szalai |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/benedict-cumberbatch-alfonso-cuaron-maggie-689289 |access-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607221419/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/benedict-cumberbatch-alfonso-cuaron-maggie-689289 |archive-date=7 June 2014}}</ref>
===Kaum
Pada bulan Desember 2019, Rowling menuliskan di Twitter dukungannya terhadap [[Maya Forstater]], seorang perempuan Inggris yang kontrak kerjanya diputus karena berkomentar mengenai [[transgender]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jk-rowling-maya-forstater-backlash-support-researcher-fired-over-transphobic-tweets-2019-12-19/|title=J.K. Rowling facing backlash after supporting researcher who lost her job over transphobic tweets|last=Lewis|first=Sophie|date=19 December 2019|publisher=CBS News|access-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220004526/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jk-rowling-maya-forstater-backlash-support-researcher-fired-over-transphobic-tweets-2019-12-19/|archive-date=20 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nyt20191219>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/19/world/europe/jk-rowling-maya-forstater-transgender.html|title=J.K. Rowling Criticized After Tweeting Support for Anti-Transgender Researcher|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=19 December 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=13 June 2020|issn=0362-4331|url-access=registration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613012737/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/19/world/europe/jk-rowling-maya-forstater-transgender.html|archive-date=13 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/j-k-rowling-maya-forstater-transgender-twitter-tribunal-lgbt-a9253506.html|title=JK Rowling defends woman who lost employment tribunal over transgender tweets|last=Gallagher|first=Sophie|date=19 December 2019|work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603143936/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/j-k-rowling-maya-forstater-transgender-twitter-tribunal-lgbt-a9253506.html|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Rowling menulis tweet "Berpakaianlah sesukamu. Panggil dirimu apa pun yang kamu suka. Tidurlah dengan siapa pun yang mau memilikimu. Jalani hidup terbaikmu dengan damai dan aman. Tetapi memaksa seorang perempuan keluar dari pekerjaannya karena mengatakan bahwa jenis kelamin itu nyata?"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gross|first=Jenny|date=7 June 2020|title=Daniel Radcliffe Criticizes J.K. Rowling's Anti-Transgender Tweets|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/07/arts/Jk-Rowling-controversy.html|access-date=6 January 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Pada 6 Juni 2020, Rowling menulis kritikannya terhadap istilah "[[Menstruasi|orang yang menstruasi]]",<ref>{{cite tweet|user=jk_rowling|author=J.K. Rowling|number=1269382518362509313|date=6 June 2020|title='People who menstruate.' I'm sure there used to be a word for those people. Someone help me out. Wumben? Wimpund? Woomud?}}</ref> dan menyatakan "Jika jenis kelamin tidak nyata, realitas hidup perempuan secara global terhapus. Saya tahu dan mencintai kaum trans, tetapi menghapus konsep jenis kelamin akan menghilangkan kemampuan banyak orang untuk mendiskusikan kehidupan mereka secara bermakna."<ref>{{cite tweet|user=jk_rowling|author=J.K. Rowling|number=1269389298664701952|date=6 June 2020|title=If sex isn't real, there's no same-sex attraction. If sex isn't real, the lived reality of women globally is erased. I know and love trans people, but erasing the concept of sex removes the ability of many to meaningfully discuss their lives. It isn't hate to speak the truth.}}</ref> Kicauan ini dikritik oleh [[GLAAD]], yang menyebutnya "kejam" dan "antitrans".<ref>{{cite tweet|user=glaad|author=GLAAD|number=1269420540856590337|date=6 June 2020|title=JK Rowling continues to align herself with an ideology which willfully distorts facts about gender identity and people who are trans... We stand with trans youth, especially those Harry Potter fans hurt by her inaccurate and cruel tweets.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/jk-rowling-transphobic-tweets-controversy-1234627081/|title=J.K. Rowling Gets Backlash Over Anti-Trans Tweets|last=Moreau|first=Jordan|work=[[Variety (majalah)|Variety]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607005447/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/jk-rowling-transphobic-tweets-controversy-1234627081/|archive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Beberapa pemeran film seri ''Harry Potter'' mengkritik pandangan Rowling atau menyuarakan dukungan terhadap hak transgender, termasuk [[Daniel Radcliffe]], [[Emma Watson]], [[Rupert Grint]], [[Bonnie Wright]], dan [[Katie Leung]], serta aktor utama ''Fantastic Beasts'' [[Eddie Redmayne]], dan juga situs penggemar [[MuggleNet]] dan [[The Leaky Cauldron (situs web)|The Leaky Cauldron]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/emma-watson-eddie-redmayne-jk-rowling-transgender-comments/ |title=The 'Harry Potter' Kids Are All Right: Emma Watson, Eddie Redmayne Condemn J.K. Rowling's Trangender Comments |date=11 June 2020 |publisher=[[Slashfilm.com]] |last=Bui |first=Hoai-Tran |access-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611191037/https://www.slashfilm.com/emma-watson-eddie-redmayne-jk-rowling-transgender-comments/ |archive-date=11 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ryu|first=Jenna|date=22 March 2021|title=Rupert Grint on why he criticized J.K. Rowling's transphobic comments: 'Silence is even louder'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/03/22/rupert-grint-why-he-criticized-j-k-rowling-trans-comments/4796412001/|access-date=6 January 2022|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/03/harry-potter-fan-sites-distance-themselves-from-jk-rowling-over-transgender-rights|title=Harry Potter fan sites distance themselves from JK Rowling over transgender rights|publisher=[[Reuters]]|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 July 2020|access-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703011204/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/03/harry-potter-fan-sites-distance-themselves-from-jk-rowling-over-transgender-rights|archive-date=3 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Aktris [[Noma Dumezweni]] (yang memerankan Hermione Granger dalam ''Harry Potter and the Cursed Child'') awalnya menyatakan dukungannya terhadap Rowling, tetapi mundur setelah dikritik.<ref>{{cite news|last=Malvern|first=Jack|date=13 June 2020|title=JK Rowling: flood of tweets reverses Noma Dumezweni's praise of author|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jk-rowling-flood-of-tweets-reverses-noma-dumezwenis-praise-of-author-lrm6nl79q|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=13 June 2020|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613093520/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jk-rowling-flood-of-tweets-reverses-noma-dumezwenis-praise-of-author-lrm6nl79q|archive-date=13 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 10 Juni 2020, Rowling menerbitkan esai sepanjang 3.600 kata di situs webnya sebagai tanggapan atas kritik tersebut.<ref name=RowlingReasons>{{cite web|title=J.K. Rowling Writes about Her Reasons for Speaking out on Sex and Gender Issues |url=https://www.jkrowling.com/opinions/j-k-rowling-writes-about-her-reasons-for-speaking-out-on-sex-and-gender-issues/ |publisher=J.K. Rowling |date=10 June 2020 |access-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610182056/https://www.jkrowling.com/opinions/j-k-rowling-writes-about-her-reasons-for-speaking-out-on-sex-and-gender-issues/ |archive-date=10 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=J.K. Rowling Defends Trans Statements In Lengthy Essay, Reveals She's A Sexual Assault Survivor & Says "Trans People Need And Deserve Protection"|date=10 June 2020|url=https://deadline.com/2020/06/j-k-rowling-defends-trans-statements-essay-1202955524/|work=[[Deadline (majalah)|Deadline]]|access-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617105605/https://deadline.com/2020/06/j-k-rowling-defends-trans-statements-essay-1202955524/|archive-date=17 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ia kembali menulis bahwa banyak perempuan menganggap istilah "orang yang menstruasi" merendahkan. Rowling menjelaskan bahwa ia adalah seorang penyintas [[kekerasan dalam rumah tangga]] dan penyerangan seksual, dan mengatakan "Ketika Anda membukakan pintu kamar mandi dan ruang ganti untuk setiap orang yang percaya atau merasa kalau ia adalah perempuan ... maka Anda membuka pintu bagi semua pria yang ingin masuk", dan memandang bahwa semua kaum trans rentan dan berhak mendapatkan perlindungan.<ref name=reutersjune2020>{{cite news |last1=Shirbon |first1=Estelle |title=J.K. Rowling reveals past abuse and defends right to speak on trans issues |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-rowling/j-k-rowling-reveals-past-abuse-and-defends-right-to-speak-on-trans-issues-idUSKBN23H2XI |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=10 June 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611200348/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-rowling/j-k-rowling-reveals-past-abuse-and-defends-right-to-speak-on-trans-issues-idUSKBN23H2XI |archive-date=11 June 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Esai Rowling dikritik oleh sejumlah tokoh dan organisasi, di antaranya badan amal anak-anak [[Mermaids (badan amal)|Mermaids]] (yang mendukung anak-anak transgender dan [[gender nonbiner]] beserta orang tuanya), [[Stonewall (badan amal)|Stonewall]], GLAAD dan pakar [[Kajian gender|teori gender]] feminis [[Judith Butler]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mermaidsuk.org.uk/news/dear-jk-rowling/|title=An open letter to J.K. Rowling|publisher=[[Mermaids (charity)|Mermaids]]|date=12 June 2020|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612191740/https://mermaidsuk.org.uk/news/dear-jk-rowling/|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/137180/mermaids-writes-open-letter-to-jk-rowling-following-her-anti-trans-tweets|title=Mermaids writes open letter to JK Rowling following her anti-trans tweets|last=Moore|first=Matt|work=[[Gay Times]]|date=13 June 2020|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613155801/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/137180/mermaids-writes-open-letter-to-jk-rowling-following-her-anti-trans-tweets/|archive-date=13 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/01/04/judith-butler-owen-jones-jk-rowling-british-feminism-transphobia/ |first=Vic|last=Parsons| title=Feminist writer Judith Butler has given her theory on why JK Rowling has deemed it necessary to speak out on | publisher=[[PinkNews]] | date=4 January 2021 | access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newstatesman.com/international/2020/09/judith-butler-culture-wars-jk-rowling-and-living-anti-intellectual-times | title=Judith Butler on the culture wars, JK Rowling and living in 'anti-intellectual times'|first=Alona |last=Ferber | work=[[New Statesman]] | date=22 September 2020 | access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Calvario |first=Liz |title=GLAAD President Says J.K. Rowling's Words Create Dangerous Environment for Transgender Community |url= https://www.etonline.com/glaad-president-says-jk-rowlings-words-create-dangerous-environment-for-transgender-community |work=[[Entertainment Tonight|ET Online]] |date=10 June 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201702/https://www.etonline.com/glaad-president-says-jk-rowlings-words-create-dangerous-environment-for-transgender-community |archive-date=11 June 2020 |url-status=live |access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newstatesman.com/long-reads/2021/11/the-battle-for-stonewall-the-lgbt-charity-and-the-uks-gender-wars | title=The battle for Stonewall: the LGBT charity and the UK's gender wars | work=[[New Statesman]]|first=Gaby |last=Hinsliff|date=3 November 2021 | access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref> Rowling dijuluki sebagai feminis radikal trans-eksklusif ([[TERF]]) dalam beberapa kesempatan, meskipun ia menolak julukan ini.<ref>{{Cite web|last=López|first=Canela|title=J.K. Rowling wrote a controversial statement about transgender people in response to being called a 'TERF.' Here's what that means.|url=https://www.insider.com/jk-rowling-what-is-a-terf-trans-exclusionary-radical-feminist-2020-6|access-date=5 July 2020|publisher=Insider}}</ref> Rowling mendapat dukungan dari aktor [[Robbie Coltrane]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ntim|first=Zac|title=Hagrid actor Robbie Coltrane says people accusing JK Rowling of transphobia 'hang around waiting to be offended'|url=https://www.insider.com/hagrid-actor-robbie-coltrane-defends-jk-rowling-over-transphobia-claim-2020-9|date=15 September 2020|access-date=25 September 2020|publisher=Insider}}</ref> dan [[Eddie Izzard]],<ref>{{cite news |title='I don't think JK Rowling is transphobic,' says gender-fluid comedian Eddie Izzard |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comedy/what-to-see/dont-think-jk-rowling-transphobic-says-gender-fluid-comedian/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comedy/what-to-see/dont-think-jk-rowling-transphobic-says-gender-fluid-comedian/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=1 January 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> serta sejumlah feminis<ref name=thorpe/> seperti aktivis [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 June 2020|title=J.K. Rowling's lonely fight for women's rights|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/j-k-rowlings-lonely-fight-for-womens-rights|first= Ayaan Hirsi|last= Ali|access-date=22 July 2020|work=[[Washington Examiner]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708045449/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/j-k-rowlings-lonely-fight-for-womens-rights|archive-date=8 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> dan [[Feminisme radikal|feminis radikal]] [[Julie Bindel]].<ref name=thorpe>{{cite news |last1=Thorpe |first1=Vanessa |title=JK Rowling: from magic to the heart of a Twitter storm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jun/14/jk-rowling-from-magic-to-the-heart-of-a-twitter-storm |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 June 2020 |quote=Arrayed on Rowling's side are some of the veteran voices of feminism, including the radical Julie Bindel, who spoke out in support this weekend:... |access-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704200412/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jun/14/jk-rowling-from-magic-to-the-heart-of-a-twitter-storm |archive-date=4 July 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> BBC menominasikan esainya untuk [[Penghargaan Russell]] tahunan kategori penulisan terbaik.<ref>{{cite web|title=The winners:2020 Russell prize for best writing|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55350905|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=21 December 2020|access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BBC nominates J.K.Rowling's controversial essay of trans rights for award|url=https://www.dw.com/en/bbc-nominates-jk-rowlings-controversial-essay-on-trans-rights-for-award/a-56014673|website=[[DW News]]|date=22 December 2020|access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref>
Pada Agustus 2020, Rowling mengembalikan Penghargaan Hak Asasi Manusia Robert F. Kennedy setelah [[Kerry Kennedy]] merilis pernyataan yang mengungkapkan "kekecewaan mendalam" atas "serangan terhadap komunitas transgender" Rowling, yang menurut Kennedy "tidak konsisten dengan keyakinan dan nilai-nilai fundamental Hak Asasi Manusia RFK dan pengkhianatan terhadap visi ayah saya".<ref name=RFKAward>{{cite news|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/books/2020/aug/28/jk-rowling-robert-f-kennedy-human-rights-award-trans-views|title=JK Rowling returns human rights award to group that denounces her trans views|last=Flood|first=Alison|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 August 2020|access-date=28 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://rfkhumanrights.org/news/a-statement-from-kerry-kennedy-president-of-robert-f-kennedy-human-rights|title=A Statement from Kennedy|publisher=[[Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights]] |date=3 August 2020|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statement from J.K. Rowling regarding the Robert F Kennedy Human Rights Ripple of Hope Award |url=https://www.jkrowling.com/opinions/statement-from-j-k-rowling-regarding-the-robert-f-kennedy-human-rights-ripple-of-hope-award/ |access-date=5 September 2020 |publisher= JK Rowling}}</ref> Rowling mengungkapkan ia "sangat sedih" atas pernyataan Kennedy, tetapi menyatakan bahwa tidak ada satupun penghargaan yang mencegahnya untuk "mengutarakan hak mengikuti perintah" hati nuraninya.<ref name=RFKAward/>
==Penghargaan==
{{main|Daftar penghargaan dan nominasi yang diterima oleh J. K. Rowling}}
[[File:Jk-rowling-crop.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Rowling setelah menerima gelar kehormatan dari [[Universitas Aberdeen]]]]
Rowling telah memenangkan banyak penghargaan atas seri ''Harry Potter'' dalam bidang sastra umum, sastra anak dan [[fiksi spekulatif]]. Pada tahun 2000, ''[[Harry Potter dan Tawanan Azkaban|Tawanan Azkaban]]'' meraih nominasi [[Whitbread Book of the Year]] dan bersaing dengan buku karya pemenang [[hadiah Nobel]]. Juri penghargaan menganugerahinya penghargaan anak-anak; beberapa pakar memandang hal ini sebagai pengungkapan prasangka sastra terhadap buku anak-anak.{{sfn|Whited|2002|pp=6–7}}{{sfn|Nel|2001|p=59}} Seri ''Harry Potter'' telah memenangkan sejumlah [[British Book Awards]], dimulai dengan [[National Book Awards Children's Book of the Year|Children's Book of the Year]] untuk ''[[Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah|Batu Bertuah]]''{{sfn|Nel|2001|p=72}} dan ''[[Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia|Kamar Rahasia]]'',{{sfn|Nel|2001|p=73}} diikuti oleh {{sfn|Nel|2001|p=73}} penghargaan umum Book of the Year untuk ''[[Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah-Campuran|Pangeran Berdarah-Campuran]]''.<ref name=HalfBloodBBA>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/31/arts/movies/arts-briefly.html?searchResultPosition=1 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=Arts, briefly |last= Van Gelder |first=Lawrence |date= 31 March 2006 |access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref> ''[[Harry Potter dan Piala Api|Piala Api]]'' memenangkan sejumlah penghargaan fiksi spekulatif, termasuk [[Hugo Award for Best Novel]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 July 2007|title=2001 Hugo Awards|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2001-hugo-awards/|access-date=8 January 2022|publisher=[[The Hugo Awards]]}}</ref>
Pada awal kariernya, Rowling dianugerahi [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) atas jasanya dalam bidang sastra anak pada tahun 2000,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/793844.stm |title=Caine heads birthday honours list |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215125039/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/793844.stm |archive-date=15 February 2009 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=17 June 2000 |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref> dan tiga tahun kemudian, ia menerima [[Princess of Asturias Awards#Prince or Princess of Asturias Award for Concord|Prince of Asturias Award for Concord]] di Spanyol.<ref name=asturias>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2003/09/10/actualidad/1063144801_850215.html |language=Spanish |title=J.K. Rowling, creadora de Harry Potter, Príncipe de Asturias de la Concordia|trans-title=J.K. Rowling, creator of Harry Potter, Concord Príncipe de Asturias |date= 10 September 2003 |access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[El País]]}}</ref> Ia secara rutin dinobatkan sebagai pemenang Penulis Tahun Ini dan Karya Luar Biasa oleh British Book Awards sepanjang perilisan rentang seri ''Harry Potter''.{{sfn|Borah|2002|p=352}}<ref name=guardian-2008>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/apr/10/galaxyawards.awardsandprizes |work=[[The Guardian]] |title= Another honour for JK Rowling |first=Lindesay |last=Irvine |date=10 April 2008 |access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref> Setelah penerbitan ''[[Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian|Relikui Kematian]]'', majalah ''[[Time (majalah)|Time]]'' menempatkan Rowling di posisi ke-2 [[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]] 2007, memuji inspirasi sosial, moral, dan politik yang ia berikan kepada para [[Fandom Harry Potter|penggemarnya]].<ref name=Gibbs>{{cite magazine |last=Gibbs |first=Nancy |date=19 December 2007 |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695436,00.html |title=Person of the Year 2007: Runners-up: J.K. Rowling |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221164141/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1695388_1695436,00.html |archive-date=21 December 2007 |access-date=23 December 2007 |magazine=[[Time (majalah)|Time]]}}</ref> Dua tahun kemudian, ia dianugerahi [[Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur]] oleh Presiden Prancis [[Nicolas Sarkozy]],<ref name=legion>{{Cite news |last=Keaten |first=Jamey |title=France honors Harry Potter author Rowling |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2009-02-03-rowling_N.htm |date=3 February 2009 |access-date=7 November 2010 |work=[[USA Today]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207084012/http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2009-02-03-rowling_N.htm |archive-date=7 February 2009 }}</ref> dan ''[[The Guardian]]'' menjulukinya "Perempuan Paling Berpengaruh di Inggris".<ref name=Pearse2010>{{cite news|last=Pearse|first=Damien|date=11 October 2010|title=Harry Potter creator J.K. Rowling named Most Influential Woman in the UK|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/oct/11/harry-potter-jkrowling-influential-woman|url-status=live|access-date=11 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025163115/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/oct/11/harry-potter-jkrowling-influential-woman|archive-date=25 October 2013}}</ref> Penghargaan lainnya meliputi [[Freedom of the City of London]] pada tahun 2012<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 May 2012|title=Harry Potter author JK Rowling gets Freedom of the City|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-17998117|access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref> dan [[Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH) pada tahun 2017 atas jasanya dalam bidang sastra dan filantropi.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=61962|supp=1|page=B25|date=17 June 2017}}</ref>
Lembaga akademik telah menganugerahkan sejumlah penghargaan{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=6}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Rowling gets honorary degree |date=23 November 2000 |publisher= [[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/88cb12b3a007cf9e87a4c9b37899b5aa |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> untuk Rowling, termasuk gelar kehormatan dari almamaternya [[Universitas Exeter]]<ref>{{cite news|title=J K Rowling given honorary degree at her alma mater|last=Pook|first=Sally|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1348603/J-K-Rowling-given-honorary-degree-at-her-alma-mater.html|date=15 July 2000|access-date=13 June 2020|url-access=registration|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531003402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1348603/J-K-Rowling-given-honorary-degree-at-her-alma-mater.html|archive-date=31 May 2010}}</ref> dan [[Universitas Harvard]], tempat ia berpidato dalam upacara kelulusan 2008.<ref name=Fringe/> Pada tahun yang sama, Rowling meraih [[James Joyce Award]] dari [[University College Dublin]].{{sfn|Pugh|2020|p=6}} Penghormatan lain yang diterimanya termasuk ditunjuk sebagai anggota [[Royal Society of Literature]] (FRSL),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rsliterature.org/fellow/j-k-rowling-3/ |title=RSL Fellows: J.K. Rowling |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809183610/https://rsliterature.org/fellow/j-k-rowling-3/ |archive-date=9 August 2019 |publisher=[[Royal Society of Literature]] |accessdate=9 January 2022}}</ref> [[Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Royal Society of Edinburgh]] (HonFRSE),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/joanne-rowling/|title=Dr Joanne Kathleen Rowling CH, OBE, HonFRSE – The Royal Society of Edinburgh|publisher=[[The Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|access-date=22 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122173611/https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/joanne-rowling/|archive-date=22 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> dan [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]] (FRCPE).<ref>{{cite web|title=College Fellows and Members recognised in Queen's Birthday Honours|url=https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/college/college-fellows-and-members-recognised-queens-birthday-honours|date=30 June 2017|publisher=[[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]|access-date=4 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002221855/https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/college/college-fellows-and-members-recognised-queens-birthday-honours|archive-date=2 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Karya Rowling yang lain juga mendapat pengakuan. Seri kelima ''[[Cormoran Strike]]'' memenangkan kategori Crime and Thriller dalam ajang British Book Awards 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/books/british-book-awards-nibbies-2021-b1846831.html|title=British Book Awards winners: from first-time writers to a teenage activist and a skincare guru|last=Waite-Taylor|first=Eva|work=[[The Independent]]|date=13 May 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> Pada [[British Academy Film Awards]] 2011, seri film ''Harry Potter'' dinobatkan sebagai Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema; Rowling menerima penghargaan ini bersama produser [[David Heyman]] beserta pemeran dan kru film.<ref>{{cite web |title=100 BAFTA Moments – The ''Harry Potter'' Films Win the Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema Award |url=https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/100-bafta-moments-52-days-to-go |publisher= [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA) |date=18 December 2014 |access-date=23 January 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124063049/https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/100-bafta-moments-52-days-to-go |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Harry Potter and the Cursed Child'' memecahkan rekor penerima penghargaan [[Laurence Olivier Awards]] pada tahun 2017.{{sfn|Brummitt|Sellars|2019|pp=108–11}}<ref name=Sulcas2018/>
==Bibliografi==
{| class="wikitable sortable" cellpadding="5" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ {{sronly|Publikasi oleh J.K. Rowling}}
|-
! width="8%" scope="col"|Target/<br />Jenis
! width="12%" scope="col"|Seri/<br />Deskripsi
! width="65%" scope="col"|Judul
! width="12%" scope="col"|Tanggal
! width="3%" scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}
|-
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="18" style="font-weight:normal;"| Fiksi<br />remaja
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="7" style="font-weight:normal;"|Seri ''Harry Potter''
||1. ''[[Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah]]''
||1997-06-26
|align="center"|<ref name=Timeline>{{cite news |title=A Potter timeline for muggles |date= 14 July 2007|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2007/07/14/a_potter_timeline_for_muggles.html |work= [[Toronto Star]] |access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=2}}
|-
||2. ''[[Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia]]''
||1998-07-02
|align="center"|<ref name=Timeline/>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=65}}
|-
|3. ''[[Harry Potter dan Tawanan Azkaban]]''
|1999-07-08
|align="center"|<ref name=Timeline/>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=185}}
|-
|4. ''[[Harry Potter dan Piala Api]]''
|2000-07-08
|align="center"|<ref name=Timeline/>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=251}}
|-
||5. ''[[Harry Potter dan Orde Phoenix]]''
||2003-06-21
|align="center"|<ref name=Timeline/>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=353}}
|-
||6. ''[[Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah-Campuran]]''
||2005-07-16
|align="center"|<ref name=Timeline/>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=421}}
|-
||7. ''[[Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian]]''
||2007-07-21
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Harry Potter finale sales hit 11m |date=23 July 2007
|publisher= [[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6912529.stm |access-date=9 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081128201059/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6912529.stm |archive-date=28 November 2008}}</ref>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=475}}
|-
|-
!scope="row" align="center" rowspan="8" style="font-weight:normal;"|Buku terkait<br />''Harry Potter''
||''[[Hewan-hewan Fantastis dan Di Mana Mereka Bisa Ditemukan]]'' ([[sempalan]] seri ''Harry Potter'')
||2001-03-12
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=314}}
|-
||''[[Quidditch dari Masa ke Masa]]'' (sempalan seri ''Harry Potter'')
||2001-03-12
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=336}}
|-
||[[Prekuel Harry Potter|Prekuel ''Harry Potter'']] (cerita pendek yang diterbitkan di ''What's Your Story Postcard Collection'')
||2008-07-01
|align="center"|<ref name=PrequelStolen/><ref name="Waterstones">{{cite news|last=O'Toole|first=Kevin|date=12 May 2017|title=One-of-a-kind handwritten Harry Potter prequel story stolen in burglary|publisher=ABC News10 Albany NY|url=https://www.news10.com/news/one-of-a-kind-handwritten-harry-potter-prequel-story-stolen-in-burglary/|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
||''[[Kisah-Kisah Beedle Si Juru Cerita]]'' (sempalan seri ''Harry Potter'')
||2008-12-04
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=530}}
|-
||''[[Harry Potter and the Cursed Child]]'' (konsep cerita drama)
||2016-07-30<br />premier
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Harry Potter author speaks to the BBC ahead of Cursed Child premier|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-36934297 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date= 30 July 2016 |access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=694}}
|-
||''[[Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power, Politics and Pesky Poltergeists]]''
||2016-09-06
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=630}}
|-
||''[[Short Stories from Hogwarts of Heroism, Hardship and Dangerous Hobbies]]''
||2016-09-06
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=631}}
|-
||''[[Hogwarts: An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide]]''
||2016-09-06
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=629}}
|-
!scope="row" align="center" rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal;"|Skenario asli terkait<br />''Harry Potter''
||''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)|Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]''
||2016-11-18
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=635}}
|-
||''[[Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald]]''
||2018-11-16<br />premier
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/life/movies/2018/11/09/fantastic-beasts-crimes-grindelwald-london-premiere/1936724002/ |work=[[USA Today]] |title= 'Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald': On the red carpet for the Paris premiere |date=13 November 2018 |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
||''[[Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore]]''
||2022-04-15<br />rencana<br />premier
|align="center"|<ref name=Crouch2021/>
|-
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="6" style="font-weight:normal;"| Fiksi<br />dewasa
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="1" style="font-weight:normal;"|
||''[[Perebutan Kursi Kosong]]''
||2012-09-27
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=551}}
|-
!scope="row" align="center" rowspan="5" style="font-weight:normal;"|Seri ''Cormoran Strike''<br /> (sebagai Robert Galbraith)
||1. ''[[Dekut Burung Kukuk]]''
||2013-04-18
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=574}}
|-
||2. ''[[Ulat Sutra (novel)|Ulat Sutra]]''
||2014-06-19
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=592}}
|-
||3. ''[[Titian Kejahatan]]''
||2015-10-20
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=618}}
|-
||4. ''[[Kuda Putih (novel)|Kuda Putih]]''
||2018-09-18
|align="center"|<ref name=LethalReveal/>
|-
||5. ''[[Kecamuk Darah]]''
||2020-09-15
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|first=Lianne |last=Kolirin|title=JK Rowling's new book sparks fresh transgender rights row|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/15/entertainment/jk-rowling-troubled-blood-book-trans-gbr-scli-intl/index.html|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=15 September 2020 |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" align="center" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"| Fiksi<br />anak
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"|
||''[[The Ickabog]]''
||2020-11-10
|align="center"|<ref name=CBC2020/>
|-
||''[[Petualangan Jack & Piggy Natal]]''
||2021-10-12
|align="center"|<ref name="kirkus20211021"/>
|-
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="8" style="font-weight:normal;"| Non-fiksi
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"| Buku
||''Very Good Lives: The Fringe Benefits of Failure and Importance of Imagination'', iilustrasi oleh Joel Holland, [[Sphere Books|Sphere]].
||2015-04-14
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|pp=609–11}}
|-
||''A Love Letter to Europe : an Outpouring of Love and Sadness from our Writers, Thinkers and Artists'', [[Coronet Books|Coronet]] (kontributor).
||2019-10-31
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chandler|first=Mark|date=23 September 2019|title=Coronet to release Love Letter to Europe on Brexit deadline day|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/coronet-release-love-letter-europe-brexit-deadline-day-1086231|access-date=6 January 2022|work=[[The Bookseller]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="6" style="font-weight:normal;"| Artikel
||"The first it girl: J. K. Rowling reviews ''Decca: the Letters by Jessica Mitford''". Sussman, Peter Y., editor. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.
||2006-11-26
|align="center"|<ref name=Parker2012/><ref>{{cite news |last=Rowling |first=J.K. |title= The first it girl: J. K. Rowling reviews ''Decca: the Letters by Jessica Mitford''|date= 26 November 2006 |work= [[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3656769/The-first-It-Girl.html |access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
||"The fringe benefits of failure, and the importance of imagination". ''[[Harvard Magazine]]''.
||2008-06-05
|align="center"|<ref name=Fringe>{{cite news |last=Rowling |first=J.K. |title=The fringe benefits of failure, and the importance of imagination|url=https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2008/06/the-fringe-benefits-failure-the-importance-imagination |work=[[Harvard Magazine]] |date= 5 June 2008 |access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
||"Gordon Brown – the 2009 Time 100". ''Majalah [[Time (majalah)|Time]]''.
||2009-04-30
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite magazine |title= Leaders & revolutionaries: Gordon Brown |first=J.K. |last=Rowling |date=30 April 2009|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893847_1894201,00.html |magazine= [[Time (majalah)|Time]] magazine |access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
||"The single mother's manifesto". ''[[The Times]]''.
||2010-04-14
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Rowling|first=J. K.|date=14 April 2010|title=The single mother's manifesto|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-single-mothers-manifesto-zprmcjl7wss|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423213108/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article7096786.ece|archive-date=23 April 2010}}</ref>
|-
||"I feel duped and angry at David Cameron's reaction to Leveson". ''[[The Guardian]]''.
||2012-11-30
|align="center"|<ref name=Duped/>
|-
||"Isn't it time we left orphanages to fairytales?" ''[[The Guardian]]''.
||2014-12-17
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |first=J.K. |last=Rowling |title=Isn't it time we left orphanages to fairytales? |work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/17/jk-rowling-fairytale-orphanage-lumos#:~:text=There%20would%20be%20no%20Lumos,t%20first%20been%20this%20picture. |date= 17 December 2014 |access-date=9 January 2022 }}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" align="center" rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal;"| Buku
!scope="row" align="top" rowspan="4" style="font-weight:normal;"|Pengantar/<br />Prakata
||Reynolds, Kim; Cooling, Wendy, project consultants. ''Families Just Like Us: The One Parent Families Good Book Guide''. National Council for One Parent Families; Book Trust.
||2000
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|pp=669–70}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nel|first=Philip|author-link=Philip Nel|year=2005|title=Is there a text in this advertising campaign?: literature, marketing, and Harry Potter|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_lion-and-the-unicorn_2005-04_29_2/page/236|journal=[[The Lion and the Unicorn (journal)|The Lion and the Unicorn]]|volume=29|issue=2|pages=236–67|doi=10.1353/uni.2005.0031|s2cid=143828096|issn=1080-6563|id={{ProQuest|221753999}}}}</ref>
|-
||McNeil, Gil; [[Sarah Jane Brown|Brown, Sarah]], editor. ''Magic''. Bloomsbury.
||2002-06-03
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|pp=671–72}}
|-
||[[Gordon Brown|Brown, Gordon]]. "Ending child poverty" in ''Moving Britain Forward. Selected Speeches 1997–2006''. Bloomsbury.
||2006-09-25
|align="center"|<ref name=Parker2012/>{{sfn|Errington|2017|p=677}}
|-
||Anelli, Melissa. ''[[Harry, A History]]''. [[Pocket Books]].
||2008-11-04
|align="center"|{{sfn|Errington|2017|pp=687–88}}
|}
== Filmografi ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:auto; margin-right:auto"
|+ {{sronly|Filmografi J.K. Rowling}}
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Tahun
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Judul
! scope="col" colspan="4" | Kredit
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Catatan
! scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}
|-
! width=65 | Aktris
! width=65 | Penulis skenario
! width=65 | Produser
! width=65 | Produser eksekutif
|-
|2003
| align="left" | ''[[The Simpsons]]''
| {{yes}}
|
|
|
|align="left" |Kameo suara di "[[The Regina Monologues]]"
|<ref>{{cite news|last=Strachan|first=Alex|date=23 November 2003|title=It's a royal flush for Homer Simpson|page=B8|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|id={{ProQuest|434009213}}}}</ref>
|-
|2010
| align="left" |''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Bagian 1]]''
|
|
| {{yes}}
|
|rowspan="2" align="left" |Film berdasarkan ''[[Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian]]''
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100920005538/en/Warner-Bros.-Pictures-Worldwide-Satellite-Trailer-Debut%C2%A0Harry | title=Warner Bros. Pictures Worldwide Satellite Trailer Debut: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227092506/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100920005538/en/Warner-Bros.-Pictures-Worldwide-Satellite-Trailer-Debut%C2%A0Harry|archive-date=27 December 2010 |publisher=[[Warner Bros. Pictures]]|agency=[[Business Wire]] |date= 22 September 2010 |access-date= 29 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| align="left" |''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Bagian 2]]''
|
|
| {{yes}}
|
|-
|2015
| align="left" |''[[The Casual Vacancy (miniseri)|The Casual Vacancy]]''
|
|
|
| {{yes}}
| align="left" |Miniseri televisi berdasarkan ''[[Perebutan Kursi Kosong]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/jk-rowling-hbo-bbc-team-698313|title=J.K. Rowling, HBO, BBC team for 'Casual Vacancy' miniseries|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=23 April 2019|access-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924001730/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/jk-rowling-hbo-bbc-team-698313|archive-date=24 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2016
| align="left" |''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film)|Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]''
|
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
| align="left" | Film berdasarkan buku sempalan ''Harry Potter'' ''[[Hewan-Hewan Fantastis dan Di Mana Mereka Bisa Ditemukan]]''
|<ref name=WB2010>{{cite press release|date=22 September 2010|title=Warner Bros. Announces expanded creative partnership with J.K. Rowling|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130912005870/en/Warner-Bros.-Announces-Expanded-Creative-Partnership-J.K.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915102308/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130912005870/en/Warner-Bros.-Announces-Expanded-Creative-Partnership-J.K.|archive-date=15 September 2013|access-date=12 September 2013|publisher=[[Warner Bros. Pictures]]|agency=[[Business Wire]]}}</ref>
|-
|2017–sekarang
|align="left" |''[[Strike (seri TV)|Strike]]''
|
|
|
| {{yes}}
|align="left" | Seri televisi berdasarkan novel ''[[Cormoran Strike]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/global/holliday-grainger-jk-rowling-cormoran-strike-tv-series-1201906413/|title=Holliday Grainger to star in J.K. Rowling's 'Cormoran Strike' TV series (exclusive)|last=Barraclough|first=Leo|date=2 November 2016|newspaper=[[Variety (majalah)|Variety]]|access-date=22 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105223633/http://variety.com/2016/tv/global/holliday-grainger-jk-rowling-cormoran-strike-tv-series-1201906413/|archive-date=5 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|align="left" |''[[Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald]]''
|
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
| align="left" | Film berdasarkan buku sempalan ''Harry Potter'' ''Hewan-Hewan Fantastis dan Di Mana Mereka Bisa Ditemukan''
| <ref>{{cite press release |title=A thrilling new adventure in J.K. Rowling's Wizarding World is underway |publisher=[[Warner Bros. Pictures]] |agency=[[Business Wire]] |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170702005032/en/Thrilling-New-Adventure-J.K.-Rowling%E2%80%99s-Wizarding-World |date=3 July 2017 |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924002847/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170702005032/en/Thrilling-New-Adventure-J.K.-Rowling%25E2%2580%2599s-Wizarding-World |archive-date=24 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!--DO NOT MAKE VISIBLE UNTIL FILM IS RELEASED
|2022
|align="left" |''[[Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore]]''
|
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
| align="left" | Film berdasarkan buku sempalan ''Harry Potter'' ''Hewan-Hewan Fantastis dan Di Mana Mereka Bisa Ditemukan''
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-dumbledore-release-date-1235018522/|title='Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore' Sets New 2022 Release Date |last=Crouch |first=Aaron |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=22 September 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922155056/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-dumbledore-release-date-1235018522/ |archive-date=22 September 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref-->
|}
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 270 ⟶ 517:
{{Reflist|30em}}
==
{{
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Anatol|editor-first=Giselle Liza |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320675|url-access=registration|title=Reading Harry Potter: Critical Essays|date=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger Publishers]]|isbn=978-0-313-32067-5|oclc=50774592}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Brycchan|last=Carey|author-link=Brycchan Carey|title=Hermione and the house-elves: the literary and historical contexts of J. K. Rowling's antislavery campaign|editor-last=Anatol|editor-first=Giselle Liza |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320675|url-access=registration|encyclopedia=Reading Harry Potter: Critical Essays|date=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger Publishers]]}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Ximena|last1=Gallardo|first2=C. Jason|last2=Smith|title=Cinderfella: J. K. Rowling's wily web of gender|editor-last=Anatol|editor-first=Giselle Liza |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320675|url-access=registration|encyclopedia=Reading Harry Potter: Critical Essays|date=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger Publishers]]}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Elaine|last=Ostry|title=Accepting Mudbloods: the ambivalent social vision of J. K. Rowling's fairy tales|editor-last=Anatol|editor-first=Giselle Liza |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320675|url-access=registration|encyclopedia=Reading Harry Potter: Critical Essays|date=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger Publishers]]}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Julia|last=Park|title=Class and socioeconomic identity in Harry Potter's England|editor-last=Anatol|editor-first=Giselle Liza |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320675|url-access=registration|encyclopedia=Reading Harry Potter: Critical Essays|date=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger Publishers]]}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Veronica L.|last=Schanoes|author-link=Veronica Schanoes|title=Cruel heroes and treacherous texts: educating the reader in moral complexity and critical reading in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter books|editor-last=Anatol|editor-first=Giselle Liza |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320675|url-access=registration|encyclopedia=Reading Harry Potter: Critical Essays|date=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger Publishers]]}}
* {{Cite book|last=Anelli|first=Melissa|author-link= Melissa Anelli|url=https://archive.org/details/harryhistorytrue0000anel|url-access=registration|title=Harry, a History: The True Story of a Boy Wizard, His Fans, and Life inside the Harry Potter Phenomenon|year=2008|publisher=[[Pocket Books]]|isbn=978-1-4165-5495-0|oclc=209699636}}
* {{Cite book|last=Baker|first=Charles Robert|title=British Writers: Supplement XVI|publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]]; [[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]|year=2010|isbn=978-0-684-31710-6|editor-last1=Parini|editor-first1=Jay|editor-link1=Jay Parini|chapter=J. K. Rowling (1965–)|oclc=645653286}}
*{{Cite book|last=Barratt|first=Bethany|author-link=Bethany Barratt|title=The Politics of Harry Potter|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0-230-60899-3|doi=10.1057/9781137016546}}
* {{Cite book|last=Beckett|first=Sandra L.|title=Crossover Fiction: Global and Historical Perspectives|url=https://archive.org/details/crossoverfiction0000beck|date=24 November 2010|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-89313-5|doi=10.4324/9780203893135}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Bell |editor1-first=Christopher |title=Hermione Granger Saves the World: Essays on the Feminist Heroine of Hogwarts |year=2012 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |isbn=978-0-7864-7137-9|ref=none}}
** {{cite encyclopedia|first1=Christopher|last1=Bell|first2=Julie|last2=Alexander|title=Introduction|editor1-last=Bell |editor1-first=Christopher |encyclopedia=Hermione Granger Saves the World: Essays on the Feminist Heroine of Hogwarts |year=2012 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]}}
** {{cite encyclopedia|first1=Helen|last1=Berents|title=Hermione Granger goes to war|editor1-last=Bell |editor1-first=Christopher |encyclopedia=Hermione Granger Saves the World: Essays on the Feminist Heroine of Hogwarts |year=2012 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] }}
* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Berberich|editor-first1=Christine|title=The Bloomsbury Introduction to Popular Fiction|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4411-5567-2}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Berndt|editor-first1=Katrin|editor-last2=Steveker|editor-first2=Lena|title=Heroism in the Harry Potter Series|date=22 April 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-12211-1|doi=10.4324/9781315586748|ref=none}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Christine|last1=Berberich|title=Harry Potter and the idea of the gentleman as hero|encyclopedia=Heroism in the Harry Potter Series|date=22 April 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|editor-last1=Berndt|editor-first1=Katrin|editor-last2=Steveker|editor-first2=Lena}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Lisa|last1=Hopkins|title=Harry and his peers: Rowling's web of allusions|encyclopedia=Heroism in the Harry Potter Series|date=22 April 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|editor-last1=Berndt|editor-first1=Katrin|editor-last2=Steveker|editor-first2=Lena}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Kathleen|last1=McEvoy|title=Heroism at the margins|encyclopedia=Heroism in the Harry Potter Series|date=22 April 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|editor-last1=Berndt|editor-first1=Katrin|editor-last2=Steveker|editor-first2=Lena}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Maria|last1=Nikolajeva|author-link=Maria Nikolajeva|title=Adult heroism and role models in the Harry Potter novels|encyclopedia=Heroism in the Harry Potter Series|date=22 April 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|editor-last1=Berndt|editor-first1=Katrin|editor-last2=Steveker|editor-first2=Lena}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Mary|last1=Pharr|title=A paradox: the Harry Potter series as both epic and postmodern|encyclopedia=Heroism in the Harry Potter Series|date=22 April 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|editor-last1=Berndt|editor-first1=Katrin|editor-last2=Steveker|editor-first2=Lena}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Rita|last1=Singer|title=Harry Potter and the battle for the soul: the revival of the psychomachia in secular fiction|encyclopedia=Heroism in the Harry Potter Series|date=22 April 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|editor-last1=Berndt|editor-first1=Katrin|editor-last2=Steveker|editor-first2=Lena}}
* {{Cite book|last=Blake|first=Andrew|url=https://archive.org/details/irresistiblerise0000blak|url-access=registration|title=The Irresistible Rise of Harry Potter|publisher=[[Verso Books]]|year=2002|isbn=1-85984-666-1|oclc=49594480}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Brummitt|first1=Cassie|last2=Sellars|first2=Kieran|title=Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans through Homoerotic Possibilities|date=1 December 2019|publisher=[[University of Iowa Press]]|isbn=978-1-60938-672-6|editor-last1=Brennan|editor-first1=Joseph|chapter='Friends? Always': queerbaiting, ambiguity, and erasure in ''Harry Potter and the Cursed Child''|oclc=1104912811}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Catherine|last=Butler|title=Modern children's fantasy|author-link=Catherine Butler|editor1-last=James|editor1-first=Edward|editor1-link=Edward James (historian)|editor2-last=Mendlesohn|editor2-first=Farah|editor2-link=Farah Mendlesohn|encyclopedia=The Cambridge Companion to Fantasy Literature|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0-521-42959-7|doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521429597}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Cockrell|first=Amanda|title=Harry Potter and the witch hunters: a social context for the attacks on Harry Potter|journal=The Journal of American Culture|date=February 2006|doi=10.1111/j.1542-734X.2006.00272.x|volume=29|issue=6|pages=24–30}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/Ser/invisible/seria/elpepicul/20080208elpepicul_1/Tes |title='Ser invisible... eso sería lo más' |trans-title= Being invisible... that would be the most |last=Cruz|first=Juan|work=[[El País]]|language=Spanish|date=8 February 2008|access-date=6 January 2021|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213020402/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/Ser/invisible/seria/elpepicul/20080208elpepicul_1/Tes|archive-date=13 February 2008 |quote= Y de pronto alguien cercano se muere y entonces cae la bomba. Harry tiene un entendimiento precoz de la muerte, mucho antes de ese capítulo. Y eso tiene un evidente paralelismo con mi vida. ... Asuntos como el amor, la pérdida, la separación, la muerte... Y todo eso queda reflejado en el primer libro. ... Me siento muy atraída por la religión, pero al mismo tiempo siento mucha incertidumbre. Vivo en un estado de flujo espiritual. Creo en la permanencia del alma. Y eso queda reflejado en el último libro. ... Quiero a un demócrata en la Casa Blanca. Y me parece una lástima que Clinton y Obama tengan que ser rivales porque ambos son extraordinarios.}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Duggan|first=Jennifer|date=28 March 2021|title=Transformative readings: Harry Potter fan fiction, trans/queer reader response, and J. K. Rowling|journal=[[Children's Literature in Education]]|doi=10.1007/s10583-021-09446-9|s2cid=233661189|issn=0045-6713|url= https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10583-021-09446-9.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Eberhardt|first=Maeve|title=Gendered representations through speech: The case of the Harry Potter series|journal=[[Language and Literature]]|year=2017|volume=26|issue=3|pages=227–46|doi=10.1177/0963947017701851|s2cid=149129001}}
* {{Cite book|last=Eccleshare|first=Julia|author-link=Julia Eccleshare|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetoharrypott0000eccl/|url-access=registration|title=A Guide to the Harry Potter Novels|year=2002|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group|Continuum]]|isbn=978-1-84714-418-8|oclc=229341237}}
* {{cite book|last=Errington|first=Philip W.|date=2017|title=J.K. Rowling: A Bibliography|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-4742-9738-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/J_K_Rowling_A_Bibliography/e9AzDwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Farmer|first=Joy|date=2001|title=The magician's niece: the kinship between J. K. Rowling and C. S. Lewis|url=https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol23/iss2/6/|journal=[[Mythlore]]|volume=23|issue=2|pages=53–64|issn=0146-9339|jstor=26814627}}
* {{Cite book|last=Falconer|first=Rachel|title=The Crossover Novel: Contemporary Children's Fiction and Its Adult Readership|url=https://archive.org/details/crossovernovelco0000falc|date=21 October 2008|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-89217-6|doi=10.4324/9780203892176}}
* {{Cite book|last=Foerstel|first=Herbert N.|title=Banned in the U.S.A.: A Reference Guide to Book Censorship in Schools and Public Libraries|year=2002|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=0-313-00670-9|oclc=51782946|url=https://archive.org/details/bannedinusarefer00foer|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gibson|first=Marion|url=https://archive.org/details/witchcraftmythsi0000gibs|url-access=registration|title=Witchcraft Myths in American Culture|year=2007|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-97977-1|oclc=76261870|doi=10.4324/9780203941980 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Grenby|first=M. O.|title=Popular Children's Literature in Britain|date=5 December 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-351-91004-0|editor-last=Briggs|editor-first=Julia|chapter=General Introduction|doi=10.4324/9781315246437|editor-last2=Butts|editor-first2=Dennis}}
* {{Cite book|last=Groves|first=Beatrice|title=Literary Allusion in Harry Potter|date=14 June 2017|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-315-26933-7|doi=10.4324/9781315269337}}
* {{Cite book|last=Guanio-Uluru|first=Lykke|title=Ethics and Form in Fantasy Literature|date=2015|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-1-349-56000-4|doi=10.1057/9781137469694}}
* {{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Suman|title=Re-Reading Harry Potter|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-230-21958-8|doi=10.1057/9780230279711|edition=2nd}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Hallett|editor-first1=Cynthia J.|editor-last2=Huey|editor-first2=Peggy J.|title=J. K. Rowling Harry Potter|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0-333-69345-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hahn|first=Daniel|author-link=Daniel Hahn|title=The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature|title-link=The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-19-174437-2|edition=2nd|oclc=921452204}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|title=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|isbn=978-1-135-89154-1|edition=2nd|doi=10.4324/9780203892817}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Anne Hiebert|last1=Alton|title=Playing the genre game: generic fusions of the Harry Potter series|encyclopedia=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|edition=2nd}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Peter|last1=Applebaum|title=The great Snape debate|encyclopedia=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|edition=2nd}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Megan L.|last1=Birch|title=Schooling Harry Potter: teachers and learning, power and knowledge|encyclopedia=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|edition=2nd}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Peter|last1=Ciaccio|title=Harry Potter and Christian theology|encyclopedia=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|edition=2nd}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Elizabeth E.|last1=Heilman|first2=Trevor|last2=Donaldson|title=From sexist to (sort-of) feminist representations of gender in the Harry Potter series|encyclopedia=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|edition=2nd}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Maria|last1=Nikolajeva|author-link=Maria Nikolajeva|title=Harry Potter and the secrets of children's literature|encyclopedia=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|edition=2nd}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Deborah J.|last1=Taub|first2=Heather L.|last2=Servaty-Seib|title=Controversial content: is Harry Potter harmful to children?|encyclopedia=Critical Perspectives on Harry Potter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=7 August 2008|editor-last=Heilman|editor-first=Elizabeth E.|edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book | last=Holmes |first=Tim|title= Subediting and Production for Journalists: Print, Digital & Social |publisher= [[Routledge]] |year=2015|isbn=978-0-415-49200-3|doi=10.4324/9780203143544|edition=2nd}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Horne|first=Jackie C.|title=Harry and the other: answering the race question in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_lion-and-the-unicorn_2010-01_34_1/page/76|journal=[[The Lion and the Unicorn (journal)|The Lion and the Unicorn]]|volume=34|number=1|year=2010|pages=76–104|doi=10.1353/uni.0.0488|s2cid=143738308|id={{ProQuest|221753179}}}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Henry|author-link=Henry Jenkins|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780814742815|url-access=registration|title=Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide|year=2006|publisher=[[New York University Press]]|isbn=0-8147-4281-5|oclc=64594290}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kirk|first=Connie Ann|author-link= Connie Ann Kirk |url=https://archive.org/details/jkrowlingbiograp0000kirk|url-access=registration|title=J.K. Rowling: A Biography|year=2003|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=0-313-32205-8|oclc=49991592}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Levy|first1=Michael|author1-link=Michael M. Levy|title=[[Children's Fantasy Literature: An Introduction]]|last2=Mendlesohn|first2=Farah|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1-107-01814-3|author2-link=Farah Mendlesohn|doi=10.1017/CBO9781139087421}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Los|first=Fraser|date=2008|title=Harry Potter and the nature of death|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_alternatives-journal_2008_34_1/page/32|journal=Alternatives Journal|volume=34|issue=1|pages= 32–33|jstor=45033580}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Mamary|editor-first1=Anne J. M.|title=The Alchemical Harry Potter: Essays on Transfiguration in J. K. Rowling's Novels|chapter=Introduction|date=22 December 2020|isbn=978-1-4766-8134-4|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|oclc=1155570319}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Mendlesohn|first1=Farah|author1-link=Farah Mendlesohn|last2=James|first2=Edward|author2-link=Edward James (historian)|title=A Short History of Fantasy|publisher=Libri Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-1-907471-66-7|oclc=857653620}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nel|first=Philip|author-link=Philip Nel |url=https://archive.org/details/jkrowlingsharryp0000nelp|url-access=registration|title=J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter Novels: A Reader's Guide|year=2001|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group|Continuum]]|isbn=0-8264-5232-9|oclc=47050453}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Pember|first1=Don R.|last2=Calvert|first2=Clay|url= https://archive.org/details/massmedialaw0000pemb|title=Mass Media Law|publisher=[[McGraw Hill Education|McGraw-Hill Higher Education]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-07-312685-2|oclc=70910938|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Posner|first=Richard A.|url=https://archive.org/details/littlebookofplag00posn|title=The Little Book of Plagiarism|date=2007|publisher=[[Pantheon Books]]|isbn=978-0-375-42475-5|oclc=70823133|author-link=Richard Posner|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pugh|first=Tison|author-link=Tison Pugh|title=Harry Potter and Beyond: On J. K. Rowling's Fantasies and Other Fictions|publisher=[[University of South Carolina Press]]|year=2020|isbn=978-1-64336-088-1|oclc=1142046769|doi=10.2307/j.ctvs09qwv|s2cid=225791872}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Pugh|first1=Tison|author1-link=Tison Pugh|last2=Wallace|first2=David L.|title=Heteronormative heroism and queering the school story in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series|journal=[[Children's Literature Association Quarterly]]|volume=31|issue=3|date=Fall 2006|pages=260–81|doi=10.1353/chq.2006.0053}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Salter|first1=Anastasia|last2=Stanfill|first2=Mel|title=A Portrait of the Auteur as Fanboy: The Construction of Authorship in Transmedia Franchises|date=16 October 2020|isbn=978-1-4968-3051-7|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]|oclc=1178868864}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Schwabach|first1=Aaron|title=The ''Harry Potter Lexicon'' and the world of fandom: fan fiction, outsider works, and copyright|journal=[[University of Pittsburgh Law Review]]|volume=70|issue=3|year=2009|pages=387–434|ssrn=1274293|via=[[HeinOnline]]|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/upitt70&i=393|url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Sean|url=https://archive.org/details/jkrowlingbiograp0000smit_j1n9|url-access=registration|title=J.K. Rowling: A Biography|year=2002|publisher=[[Random House|Arrow Books]]|isbn=0-09-944542-5|oclc=51303518}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stableford|first=Brian M.|author-link=Brian Stableford|title=The A to Z of Fantasy Literature|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8108-6345-3|oclc=1200815959}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Stojilkov|first=Andrea|date=2015|title=Life(and)death in 'Harry Potter': the immortality of love and soul|journal=Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal|volume=48|issue=2|pages=133–148|issn=0027-1276|jstor=44030425}}
* {{Cite book|last=Striphas|first=Theodore G.|title=The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from Consumerism to Control|title-link=The Late Age of Print|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-231-14814-6|pages=[[iarchive:lateageofprintev0000stri/page/141/mode/1up|141–74]]|chapter=Harry Potter and the Culture of the Copy|oclc=256532755|author-link=Ted Striphas}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Sunderland|first1=Jane|title=Children's Literacy Practices and Preferences|url=https://archive.org/details/childrensliterac0000demp|last2=Dempster|first2=Steven|last3=Thistlethwaite|first3=Joanne|date=31 March 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|doi=10.4324/9781315732350|isbn=9781317554738}}
* {{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Ebony Elizabeth|title=The Dark Fantastic: Race and the Imagination from Harry Potter to the Hunger Games|url=https://archive.org/details/darkfantasticrac0000thom|publisher=[[New York University Press]]|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4798-0065-0|oclc=1104862747}}
* {{cite journal |last=Tosenberger |first=Catherine |year=2008 |title=Homosexuality at the online Hogwarts: Harry Potter slash fanfiction |journal=[[Children's Literature (journal)|Children's Literature]] |volume=36 |pages=185–207 |doi=10.1353/chl.0.0017}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorytowerharryp00unse|title=The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon|publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8262-6330-8|editor-last1=Whited|editor-first1=Lana A.|oclc=56424948|url-access=registration}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Rebecca Sutherland|last1=Borah|title=Apprentice wizards welcome: fan communities and the culture of Harry Potter|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorytowerharryp00unse|encyclopedia=The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon|publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]]|year=2002|editor-last1=Whited|editor-first1=Lana A.|url-access=registration}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Terri|last1=Doughty|title=Locating Harry Potter in the 'Boys' Book' market|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorytowerharryp00unse|encyclopedia=The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon|publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]]|year=2002|editor-last1=Whited|editor-first1=Lana A.|url-access=registration}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Farah|last=Mendlesohn|author-link=Farah Mendlesohn|title=Crowning the king: Harry Potter and the construction of authority|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorytowerharryp00unse|encyclopedia=The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon|publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]]|year=2002|editor-last1=Whited|editor-first1=Lana A.|url-access=registration}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Roni|last=Natov|title=Harry Potter and the extraordinariness of the ordinary|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorytowerharryp00unse|encyclopedia=The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon|publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]]|year=2002|editor-last1=Whited|editor-first1=Lana A.|url-access=registration}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Pat|last1=Pinsent|title=The education of a wizard: Harry Potter and his predecessors|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorytowerharryp00unse|encyclopedia=The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon|publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]]|year=2002|editor-last1=Whited|editor-first1=Lana A.|url-access=registration}}
** {{Cite encyclopedia|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Teare|title=Harry Potter and the technology of magic|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorytowerharryp00unse|encyclopedia=The Ivory Tower and Harry Potter: Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon|publisher=[[University of Missouri Press]]|year=2002|editor-last1=Whited|editor-first1=Lana A.|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Zipes|first=Jack|url=https://archive.org/details/sticksstonestrou00zipe|title=Sticks and Stones: The Troublesome Success of Children's Literature from Slovenly Peter to Harry Potter|date=15 November 2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-70021-1|doi=10.4324/9780203700211|author-link=Jack Zipes|orig-date=2002|url-access=registration}}
{{refend}}
==Pranala luar==
{{Sister project links |d=Q34660 |wikt=no |commons=J. K. Rowling |b=no |n=no |q=J. K. Rowling |s=no |v=no |species=no |display=J. K. Rowling}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Twitter|jk_rowling}}
* {{Facebook|JKRowling}}
* {{british council|j-k-rowling}}
* {{Isfdb name|6304}}
* {{IMDb name|0746830}}
* {{OL author}}
* {{Library resources about |onlinebooks=no |by=yes |viaf=116796842 |label=J.K. Rowling}}
* {{Library resources by |onlinebooks=no |by=yes |viaf=116796842 |label=J.K. Rowling}}
{{harrypotter}}
{{J. K. Rowling}}
{{Penghargaan Hugo untuk Novel Terbaik}}
{{Novel Fantasi Terbaik Penghargaan Locus}}
{{Portal bar|Britania Raya|Biografi|Harry Potter}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rowling, J. K.}}
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