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Baris 1: '''Gereja yang Mengaku''' (''aslinya {{lang-de\|Bekennende Kirche}}; {{lang-en\|Confessing Church}} juga disebut ''Confessional Church'') adalah suatu [[gerakan perlawanan]] [[Kristen]] di [[Jerman Nazi]]. Pada [[1933]] ''[[Gleichschaltung]]'' memaksa gereja-gereja [[Kristen]] [[Protestan]] untuk bergabung ke dalam [[Gereja Protestan Reich]] dan mendukung [[Naziism#teori ideologis\|ideologi Nazi]]. Mereka yang menentang terpaksa mengadakan pertemuan "di bawah tanah". Pada [[1934]], sekelompok pendeta dan jemaat mengukuhkan kembali dalam "[[~~deklarasi~~Deklarasi Barmen]]" fokus Gereja kepada [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] dan perlawanan mereka terhadap ideologi Nazi. Banyak dari para pemimpin "Gereja yang Mengaku" ini, seperti [[Martin Niemöller]] dan [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], dimasukkan ke dalam [[kamp konsentrasi]], dan sebagian di antaranya mati di sana. Orang-orang [[Kristen]] yang tidak setuju dengan Nazi kehilangan pemimpin mereka, dan terpaksa beribadah seperti yang pernah dilakukan oleh mereka yang hidup pada masa-masa gereja awal pada zaman [[Kekaisaran Romawi]]. Namun pemerintah Nazi lebih tidak toleran terhadap perbedaan-perbedaan dalam pemahaman keagamaan, ~~diandingkan~~dibandingkan dengan pemerintah Romawi. "Gereja yang Mengaku" terlibat dalam berbagai perlawanan, terutama sekali menyembunyikan [[orang Yahudi]] dari penangkapan rezim Nazi. == Pustaka == * {{cite book\|title = Nazism, Liberalism, & Christianity: Protestant social thought in Germany & Great Britain, 1925–1937\|url = https://archive.org/details/nazismliberalism0000barn\|first =Kenneth C.\|last = Barnes\|publisher=University Press of Kentucky\|year= 1991\|isbn = 0-8131-1729-1 }} * {{cite book\|title = For the Soul of the People: Protestant Protest Against Hitler\|url = https://archive.org/details/forsoulofpeoplep0000barn\|first =Victoria\|last = Barnett\|publisher=Oxford University Press US\|year= 1992\| ISBN = 0-19-512118-X }} * {{cite book\|title =The Holocaust Encyclopedia\|url =https://archive.org/details/holocaustencyclo0000unse\|first=Judith Tydor\|last=Baumel\|publisher=Yale University Press\|year=2001\|isbn=0-300-08432-3 }} * {{cite book\|title=A Concise History of the Third Reich\|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00benz\|first=Wolfgang\|last=Benz\| publisher = University of California Press\|year= 2006\|isbn= 0-520-23489-8 }} * {{cite book\|first = Doris L.\|last = Bergen\|title=Twisted Cross: The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich\|url = https://archive.org/details/twistedcrossgerm0000berg\|location = Chapel Hill\|publisher=UNC Press\|year = 1996\|isbn = 0-8078-4560-4 }} * {{cite book\|last = Evans\|first = Richard J.\|author-link=Richard J. Evans\|title = The Third Reich in Power\|url = https://archive.org/details/thirdreichinpowe0000evan\|publisher=Penguin Books\|year = 2006\|location = London \|isbn = 0-14-100976-4 }} * {{cite book\|first = Matthew D.\|last = Hockenos\|title = A Church Divided: German Protestants Confront the Nazi Past\|url = https://archive.org/details/churchdividedger0000hock\|location = Bloomington\|publisher=Indiana University Press\|year= 2004\|ISBN = 978-0-253-34448-9 }} * {{cite book\|last=Kershaw\|first=Ian\|isbn = 0-393-04671-0\|author-link=Ian Kershaw\|title= Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris\|url=https://archive.org/details/hitlerhubris00kers\|location=New York\|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company\|year=1999 }} * {{cite book\|title =The Forger: An Extraordinary Story of Survival in Wartime Berlin\|first = Cioma\|last = Schonhaus\|author-link = Cioma Schonhaus\|publisher=Da Capo Press\|year = 2009\|isbn = 0-306-81770-5 }} * {{cite book\|last = Shirer\|first = William L.\|author-link = William L. Shirer\|title = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich\|url = https://archive.org/details/risefallofthirdr1959unse\|location = New York\|publisher=Simon & Schuster\|year = 1960\|isbn = 0-671-72868-7 }} * {{cite book\|last = Toland\|first = John\|title = Adolf Hitler\|url = https://archive.org/details/adolfhitler02tola\|author-link=John Toland\|publisher=Doubleday & Company\|year = 1976\|location = New York\|isbn = 0-385-03724-4 }} == Pranala luar == * [http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/ConfessiCh.html Gereja yang Mengaku dalam Columbia Encyclopedia] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109030224/http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/ConfessiCh.html \|date=2009-01-09 }} * [http://demo.lutherproductions.com/historytutor/basic/modern/stories/confessing-church.htm Lutheran educational website] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625052409/http://demo.lutherproductions.com/historytutor/basic/modern/stories/confessing-church.htm \|date=2022-06-25 }} * [http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/hist/jpetropoulos/church/keithpage/protesta.htm University affiliated website] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417231816/http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/hist/jpetropoulos/church/keithpage/protesta.htm \|date=2012-04-17 }} * [http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/barmen.htm Barmen Declaration] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317065859/https://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/barmen.htm \|date=2023-03-17 }} * {{YouTube\|drq9hz5tYDI\|Karl Barth on the Confessing Church}} ~~[[Kategori:~~{{Portal\|Kristen]]}} {{jerman-stub}} {{kristen-stub}} {{sejarah-stub}} [[Kategori:Kekristenan di Jerman]] ~~[[de:Bekennende Kirche]]~~ [[Kategori:Gereja]] ~~[[en:Confessing Church]]~~ ~~[[eo:Konfesanta Eklezio]]~~ ~~[[es:Iglesia Confesante]]~~ ~~[[fi:Tunnustuskirkko]]~~ ~~[[fr:Église confessante]]~~ ~~[[hr:Ispovjedna Crkva]]~~ ~~[[it:Chiesa Confessante]]~~ ~~[[la:Ecclesia Confitens]]~~ ~~[[nl:Bekennende Kirche]]~~ ~~[[no:Bekjennelseskirken]]~~ ~~[[oc:Glèisa Confessanta]]~~ ~~[[pl:Kościół Wyznający]]~~ ~~[[pt:Igreja Confessante]]~~ ~~[[ru:Исповедующая церковь]]~~ ~~[[sv:Bekännelsekyrkan]]~~ ~~[[tl:Bekennende Kirche]]~~ ~~[[zh:認信教會]]~~