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{{Hindu Filsafat}}
{{untuk|tanda ganti konsonan ra pada aksara Jawa|Cakra (guwung)}}
[[Berkas:ChakraDiag.jpg|
Dalam [[Hinduisme]] dan dalam sebagian budaya [[Asia]]
== Pengantar ==
Kata "cakra" berasal dari [[bahasa Sanskerta]] चक्र yang berarti "[[roda]]" atau "[[lingkaran]]" (juga kata-kata yang terkait dengan kedua kata tersebut), dan kadang-kadang juga merujuk kepada "roda kehidupan". Beberapa sumber tradisional menyebutkan ada lima atau tujuh cakra, yang lainnya menyebutkan delapan.
<!--Chakra digambarkan sebagai sebuah keselarasan dari dasar anatomi ke bagian atas kepala. Setiap chakra tertentu terkait dengan beberapa fungsi-fungsi fisiologis, suatu aspek kesadaran, element klasik lainnya adalah karakteristik. visualisasi cakra dibedakan sebagai lotus(teratai) dengan jumlah kelopak yang berbeda di setiap chakra.Chakra digambarkan sebagai sebuah keselarasan dari dasar [[spine (anatomi)|spine]] ke bagian atas kepala. Setiap chakra tertentu terkait dengan [[color]], beberapa fungsi-fungsi fisiologis[[consciousness]], [[classical element]], lainnya adalah karakteristik.visualisasi cakra dibedakan sebagai lotus(teratai) dengan jumlah kelopak yang berbeda di setiap chakra.
The chakras are thought to vitalise the physical body and to be associated with interactions of a physical, emotional and mental nature. They are considered loci of life energy, or [[prana]], (also called shakti), which is thought to flow among them along pathways called [[Nadi (yoga)|nadis]]. The function of the chakras is to spin and draw in this Universal Life Force Energy to keep the spiritual, mental, emotional and physical health of the body in balance.
[[Traditional Chinese medicine]] also relies on a similar model of the human body as an energy system.
The New Age movement has led to an increased interest in the West regarding chakras. Many in this movement point to a correspondence between the position and role of the chakras and those of the [[gland]]s in the [[endocrine system]]. Some people in New Age also claim that other chakras, besides the above, exist — for instance, ear chakras — and have described many more chakras than made reference to in traditional texts. Frequently references are made to the chakras in the New Age "sacred sexuality" or [[neotantra]] movement.
The chakras are described in the tantric texts the ''Sat-Cakra-Nirupana'', and the ''Padaka-Pancaka'', in which they are described as emanations of consciousness from Brahman, an energy emanating from the spiritual which gradually turns concrete, creating these distinct levels of chakras, and which eventually finds its rest in the [[Muladhara]] chakra. They are therefore part of an [[emanationist theory]], like that of the [[kabbalah]] in the west, [[lataif-e-sitta]] in [[Sufism]] or [[neo-platonism]]. The energy that was unleashed in creation, called the [[Kundalini]], lies coiled and sleeping at the base of the spine. It is the purpose of the [[tantra|tantric]] or [[kundalini yoga|kundalini]] forms of [[yoga]] to arouse this energy, and cause it to rise back up through the increasingly subtler chakras, until union with God is achieved in the [[Sahasrara]] chakra at the crown of the head.
Apart from this primary text from India, different Western authors have tried to describe the chakras, most notably the [[Theosophists]]. Many New Age writers, such as the Danish author and musician [[Peter Kjaerulff]] in his book, ''The Ringbearer's Diary'', or [[Anodea Judith]] in her book ''Wheels of Life'', have written their opinions about the chakras in great detail, including the reasons for their appearance and functions.
The seven chakras are said by some to reflect how the unified consciousness of humanity (the immortal human being or the soul), is divided to manage different aspects of earthly life (body/instinct/vital energy/deeper emotions/communication/having an overview of life/contact to [[God]]). The chakras are placed at differing levels of spiritual subtlety, with Sahasrara at the top being concerned with pure consciousness, and [[Muladhara]] at the bottom being concerned with matter, which is seen simply as crudified consciousness.
-->
==
Tabel berikut memuat sejumlah sifat setiap cakra:
{| border=2
| '''
| '''
| '''
| '''
|- style="background:rgb(230,230,230);"
| Crown
| putih; dapat mengambil warna cakra dominan
| hubungan dengan ilahi
|
|- style="background: rgb(128,0,255);"
| [[Third eye|Mata ketiga]]
| indigo
|
|
|- style="background:rgb(0,128,255);"
|
|
| perkataan, ekspresi diri
|
|- style="background:green;"
| [[
| hijau medium
| devosi, cinta, belas kasih, pengobatan
|
|- style="background:yellow;"
| [[Solar plexus]]
|
| fungsi mental
|
|- style="background:orange;"
| [[Sacrum]] (Hara)
|
| emosi, energi seksual, kreativitas
|
|- style="background:rgb(255,64,64);"
|
|
|
|
|}
<!--
It is claimed to be very important to know the right color tone for a specific area because the wrong hue of color can allegedly do different things to the energetic system. Yet different systems differ in the colors they ascribe.
The colors above simply represent, in order, the colors of the rainbow. In other words, all monochromatic colors.
For a discussion on chakra petals see [[Petal (chakra)]].
Baris 79:
It is the [[shakta]] theory of 7 main chakras that most people in the West adhere to, either knowingly or unknowingly, largely thanks to a translation of two Indian texts, the ''Sat-Cakra-Nirupana'', and the ''Padaka-Pancaka'', by Sir [[John Woodroffe]], alias Arthur Avalon, in a book entitled ''The Serpent Power''.
This book is extremely detailed and complex, and later the ideas were developed into what is predominant western view of the Chakras by the [[theosophy|Theosophists]], and largely the controversial (in theosophical circles) [[Charles Webster Leadbeater|C. W. Leadbeater]] in his book ''The Chakras'', which are in large part his own meditations and insights on the matter.
That said, many present-day Indian gurus that incorporate chakras within their systems of philosophy do not seem to radically disagree with the western view of chakras, at least on the key points, and both these eastern and western views have developed from the Shakta Tantra school.
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(Note: some argue that the pineal and pituitary glands should be exchanged in their relationship to the Crown and Brow chakras, based on the description in Arthur Avalon's book on [[kundalini]] called ''Serpent Power'' or empirical research.)
'''The throat chakra, [[Vishuddha]]''', is said to be related to communication and growth, growth being a form of expression. This chakra is paralleled to the [[thyroid]], a gland that is also in the throat, and which produces [[thyroid hormone]], responsible for growth and maturation.
'''The heart/emotions chakra, [[Anahata]]''', is related to love, equilibrium, and well-being. It is related to the [[thymus]], located in the chest. This organ is part of the [[immune system]], as well as being part of the endocrine system. It produces [[T cells]] responsible for fighting off disease, and is adversely affected by [[stress (medicine)|stress]].
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==Various models==
'''Chakrology''' is a [[neologism]] sometimes employed by [[Alternative Medicine]] practitioners or [[Esotericism|esoteric]] philosophers for the study of chakras. There are many different chakrologies, some of them based on ancient [[India]]n Hindu [[Tantra|Tantric]] esoteric traditions, [[New Age]] interpretations, or Western [[Occultism|occult]] analyses, as well as ancient Greek and [[Christianity|Christian]] references.
===The tantric chakras===
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==Scientific basis==
The idea of chakras as understood in Eastern philosophy does not exist in [[medical science]]. In Eastern thought, the chakras are thought to be levels of [[consciousness]], and states of the [[soul]], and 'proving' the existence of chakras is akin to 'proving' the existence of a soul. A [[mysticism|mystic]] deals with these [[occult]] concepts on the occult plane, as a model for their own internal experience, and when talking about 'energy centres', they are generally talking about subtle, spiritual forces, which work on the [[Psyche (psychology)|psyche]] and [[spirit]], not about physical, electrical, or magnetic fields.
The primary importance and level of existence of chakras is therefore posited to be in the psyche and in the spirit. However, there are those who believe that chakras have a physical manifestation as well. Although there is no evidence that Indian mystics made this association themselves, it is noted by many that there is a marked similarity between the positions and roles described for chakras, and the positions and roles of the glands in the [[endocrine system]], and also by the positions of the [[neuron|nerve]] [[ganglion|ganglia]] (also known as "[[plexus]]es") along the spinal column, opening the possibility that two vastly different systems of conceptualization have been brought to bear to systemize insights about the same phenomenon. By some, chakras are thought of as having their physical manifestation in the body as these glands, and their subjective manifestation as the associated psychological and spiritual experiences.
Indeed, the various [[hormones]] secreted by these glands do have a dramatic effect on human psychology, and an imbalance in one can cause a psychological or physical imbalance in a person. Whether these changes in body state have a bearing on spiritual matters is a subject of dissent even among the Indian theorists, and the different systems of conceptualization, Indian and Western, make only a partial convergence in this case.
Perhaps the most psychologically dramatic and potent secretion of these glands is the [[psychedelic]] drug [[dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] (which is synthesized by the [[pineal gland]], corresponding to the brow chakra). At least in the West, some individuals have sought spiritual breakthroughs through the use of such chemical aids, occasionally referred to as [[entheogens]] in this context. (See for example: [[Aldous Huxley]], ''The Doors of Perception'', a classic of new-age spirituality.)
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== Bahan-bahan dan buku
* {{cite book
}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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* {{cite book
|access-date = 2021-02-05
|archive-date = 2012-12-21
|archive-url = https://archive.today/20121221033639/http://dossier.michaelsharp.org/
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== Lihat pula ==
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* [[Kundalini]]
* [[Lataif-e-sitta]]
* [[Middle Pillar Exercise|Senam Pilar]] Menengah
* [[Petal (cakra)]]
* [[Qi]]
Baris 209 ⟶ 214:
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.yogananda-srf.org/tmp/meditation.aspx?id=116 Kriya Yoga]
* [http://www.sahajayoga.org Sahaja Yoga] Unique method of meditation based on an experience called Self Realization (Kundalini awakening) that can occur within each human being
* [http://healing.about.com/cs/chakras/a/alignchakras.htm Aligning Your Chakras] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715010718/http://healing.about.com/cs/chakras/a/alignchakras.htm |date=2006-07-15 }} Chakra resources at About Holistic Healing
* [http://chakracises.com Chakracises] Actions you can take to help get your chakras functioning optimally
* [http://www.adishakti.org/subtle_system.htm Human Subtle System]
* [https://www.cihs.edu/whatsnew/research.asp Update on research]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} on Apparatus for Meridian Identification at California Institute for Human Science
* [http://www.sanatansociety.org/chakras/chakras.htm Tantric Chakras]
* [http://www.religiousbook.net/Books/Online_books/Ec/Ecology_35.html Cleansing and development of chakras and meridians]
* [http://www.kriya.org/information/info_links/holystreams.htm Jesus may have taught 7 major chakras.
* [http://amanecerespiritual.tripod.com/capitulo1_en.htm Spiritual Dawn - Morality and Philosophy Essay - Chakras]
* [http://www.donnasworld.net/eng/chakra.html Chakra, explanation, images, chakrasystem and forum]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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