Terorisme Islam: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Islamisme sidebar}}
'''Terorisme Islam''', '''terorisme Islamis''', atau '''terorisme''' '''Islam radikal''' adalah tindakan [[terorisme]] yang dilakukan oleh [[Muslim|umat Islam]], khususnya golongan [[Islamisme|Islamis]] garis keras, yang didorong motivasi keagamaan.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=Augustus Richard Norton|author2=Joseph A. Kéchichian|title=Terrorism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0796|ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Thomas Hegghammer|title=Terrorism|editor=Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone|encyclopedia=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|pages=545-547}}</ref> Teroris Islam membenarkan segala tindakan [[terorisme agama]] dan kekerasan politik ekstrem, melalui visi politik utopis negara [[Pan Islamisme|pan-Islam di]] bawah hukum Syariah dan kebangkitan [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam|Zaman Keemasan Islam]]. Paham ini dikombinasikan dengan penafsiran [[Fundamentalisme Islam|fundamentalis]] (non-tradisional) dari konsep [[jihad]], [[Syahid|mati syahid]], dan konsep agama lainnya yang berasal dari [[Al-Qur'an|Quran]] dan [[Hadis|Hadits]].<ref name="holbrook1">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=Donald|date=2010|title=Using the Qur'an to Justify Terrorist Violence|journal=Perspectives on Terrorism|publisher=Terrorism Research Initiative and [[Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence]]|volume=4|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="holbrook2">{{Cite book|last=Holbreook|first=Donald|date=2014|title=The Al-Qaeda Doctrine|location=London|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|pages=30ff, 61ff, 83ff|isbn=978-1623563141}}</ref> Terorisme Islam juga muncul dari gagasan [[Supremasisme|supremasi Islam]] yang terangkum dalam formula "Islam ditinggikan dan tidak ada yang lebih tinggi di atasnya".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|last=Yohanan|first=Friedmann|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0521827034|editor-last=Morgan|editor-first=David|location=Cambridge|pages=|oclc=57256339}}</ref>
Terorisme Islam telah mengakibatkan sejumlah insiden dan jatuhnya korban, terutama di negara mayoritas berpenduduk Muslim; seperti Irak, [[Perang di Afganistan (2001–sekarang)|Afghanistan]], Nigeria, Pakistan, dan Suriah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|title=Global Terrorism Index Report 2015|date=November 2015|publisher=Institute for Economics & Peace|page=10|access-date=October 5, 2016|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207153725/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, Indeks Terorisme Global 2016 menyebutkan bahwa, sebanyak empat kelompok ekstremis Islam terbesar: [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|ISIS]], [[Boko Haram]], [[Taliban]] dan [[Al-Qaeda]]; bertanggung jawab atas 74% dari total kematian akibat terorisme di seluruh dunia.<ref name="GTI2016-4">{{Cite book|title=Global Terrorism Index 2016|date=2016|publisher=Institute for Economics and Peace|page=4|url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-date=2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117233155/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dalam beberapa dasawarsa terakhir, insiden seperti itu telah pecah dalam skala global, yang berdampak tidak hanya atas [[Dunia Muslim|negara-negara mayoritas Muslim]] di Afrika dan Asia, tetapi juga terhadap negara lain; antara lain negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa, Rusia, Australia, Kanada, [[Israel]], India, [[Britania Raya|Inggris,]] dan Amerika Serikat. Serangan terorisme Islam mengincar Muslim ataupun non-Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria|title=Isis: a contrived ideology justifying barbarism and sexual control|last=Siddiqui|first=Mona|authorlink=Mona Siddiqui|date=August 23, 2014|website=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824131118/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/24/isis-ideology-islamic-militants-british-appeal-iraq-syria|archive-date=August 24, 2014|dead-url=unfit|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref> Di sejumlah negara berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim, para teroris ini berhadapan dengan kelompok perlawanan bersenjata,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/01/kurdish-peshmerga-kobani-isis-syria|title=Kurdish peshmerga forces arrive in Kobani to bolster fight against Isis|last=Constanze Letsch|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> aparatur negara, dan [[Perang proksi|proksi]] mereka, dan di tempat lain dengan kecaman yang datang dari tokoh-tokoh Islam.<ref name="kurzman">{{Cite web|url=http://kurzman.unc.edu/islamic-statements-against-terrorism/|title=Islamic Statements Against Terrorism|last=Charles Kurzman|authorlink=Charles Kurzman|publisher=UNC.edu|access-date=Jan 31, 2017}}</ref><ref name="australia.to">{{Cite web|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/al-qaida-today-the-fate-of-a-movement|title=Al-Qaida today: a movement at the crossroads|last=Fawaz A. Gerges|authorlink=Fawaz Gerges|website=openDemocracy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025152045/https://www.opendemocracy.net/article/al-qaida-today-the-fate-of-a-movement|archive-date=25 October 2014|dead-url=yes|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/388593/moderate-muslims-stand-against-isis-christine-sisto|title=Moderate Muslims Stand against ISIS|last=Christine Sisto|website=National Review Online|access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>
== Terminologi ==
Baris 7 ⟶ 9:
Akan tetapi, sementara pihak yang mendukung penggunaan istilah ini menganggap, bahwa penyangkalan penggunakan istilah "terorisme Islam" adalah "menipu diri sendiri", "sensor besar-besaran", serta "ketidakjujuran intelektual".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/436507/orlando-attack-was-islamic-terrorism-obama-still-refuses-name-it|title=Obama Would Rather Declare War on the English Language than Speak of Islamic Terrorism|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/04/4-things-to-know-about-obama-censoring-the-words-islamist-terrorism/|title=4 Problems With Obama Censoring 'Islamist Terrorism'|last=Terrorism|date=4 April 2016|website=The Federalist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/06/20/obama-admin-deletes-isis-references-from-orlando-911-calls/|title=Obama Admin Deletes ISIS References From Orlando 911 Calls|last=Terrorism|date=20 June 2016|website=The Federalist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/rendezview/why-cant-we-talk-frankly-about-islamic-terrorism/news-story/3d27bc22b4d3044c6d6afba794563e87|title=Why can't we talk frankly about Islamic terrorism?|publisher=}}</ref>
== Contoh organisasi dan aksi ==
[[Berkas:Flag_of_Jihad.svg|jmpl| "[[Bendera jihad|Bendera hitam Jihad]] ", digunakan oleh berbagai organisasi Islamis sejak akhir dekade 1990-an, terdiri dari tulisan [[Syahadat]] putih di atas latar hitam. ]]
<br />{{Div col}}
* [[Abu Sayyaf]], Philippines
* [[Brigade Syuhada Al-Aqsa]], [[Jalur Gaza]] dan [[Tepi Barat]]
* [[Jamaah Islamiah]], Mesir
* [[Al-Qaeda]], global
* [[Harakat al-Shabaab Mujahideen|Al-Shabaab]], Somalia
* [[Ansar al-Islam]], Irak
* [[Ansar al-sharia]], Libya
* [[Kelompok Islam Bersenjata Aljazair|Armed Islamic Group]] (GIA), Aljazair
* [[Boko Haram]], Nigeria
* [[Emirat Kaukasus]], Rusia
* [[Gerakan Islam Turkestan Timur]] (ETIM), China
* [[Jihad Islam Mesir]], Mesir
* [[Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front]] (IBDA-C), Turki
* [[Hamas]], Jalur Gaza dan Tepi Barat
* [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] al-Alami, Pakistan
* [[Hezbollah]], Lebanon
* [[Gerakan Islam Asia Tengah]], [[Asia Tengah]]
* [[Gerakan Islam Uzbekistan]], [[Uzbekistan]]
* [[Negara Islam Iraq dan Suriah]], global
* [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], Pakistan dan [[Kashmir]]
* [[Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna]], Irak
* [[Jemaah Islamiyah]], Indonesia
* [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], Pakistan dan Kashmir
* [[Lashkar-e-Jhangvi]], Pakistan
* [[Maute]], Filipina
* [[Front Pembebasan Islam Moro]], Filipina
* [[Kelompok Kombatan Islam Maroko]], Maroko dan Eropa
* [[Gerakan Jihad Islami Palestina|Jihad Islam Palestina]], Jalur Gaza dan Tepi Barat
* [[Al-Qaeda di Irak|Tawhid dan Jihad]], Irak
{{Div col end}}
== Lihat juga ==
Baris 36 ⟶ 70:
* {{Cite book|title=Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam|last=Dreyfuss, Robert|publisher=Macmillan|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdfLNSnUx-AC|isbn=978-0805081374}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SAQ8Oa6zWF4C|title=Understanding terror networks|publisher=|isbn=978-0812238082|last=Sageman, Marc|year=2004}}
* {{Cite book|last=Scheuer|first=Michael|last2=Anonymous|title=Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror|publisher=Potomac Books (formerly Brassey's, Inc.)|year=2004|location=Dulles, Virginia|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialhubriswh00anon|doi=|isbn=978-0965513944}}
[[Kategori:Terorisme Islam| ]]
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