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{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Perang di DonbassDonbas
|partof =[[Perang Rusia-Ukraina]]
|image = [[Berkas:Map of the war in Donbass 22 02 2022.svg|200px300px]]
|caption = Merah merupakan wilayah pemberontak [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk|Republik Donetsk]], dan [[Republik Rakyat LuganskLuhansk|Republik Luhansk]]., Kuningkuning merupakan wilayah yang sebelumnya dikuasai pemberontak, tetapiyang direbut kembali oleh pemerintah Ukraina. Peta terakhir pada tanggal 22 Februari 2022, sebelum [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022|invasi besar-besaran Rusia ke Ukraina]].
|date = {{Start6 April date|df=yes|2014|04|06}} – sekarang24 Februari 2022<br>({{Age7 in yearstahun, months10 bulan, weeks2 andminggu days|month1=04|day1=06|year1=2014}}dan 4 hari)
|place = [[DonbassDonbas]], <small>termasuk:<br>Oblast [[Oblast Donetsk|Donetsk]] dan [[Oblast Luhansk|Luhansk]], Ukraina</small>
|combatant1 =
{{flag|NovorossiyaUkraina}}
|combatant2 = {{flag|Rusia}}<ref name="REUeuada" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/washington-has-evidence-of-russias-readiness-to-supply-new-weapons-to-separatists-in-ukraine-357864.html|agency=Interfax-Ukraine|publisher=Kyiv Post|date=25 July 2014|quote="We have evidence that Russia is firing artillery from within Russia to attack Ukrainian military positions"}}</ref><ref name=wpproof>{{cite news|title=U.S. releases images it says show Russia has fired artillery over border into Ukraine|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-releases-images-it-says-show-russia-has-fired-artillery-over-border-into-ukraine/2014/07/27/f9190158-159d-11e4-9e3b-7f2f110c6265_story.html|publisher=Washington Post|date=27 July 2014}}</ref><br><small>(dibantah oleh Rusia)<ref>{{cite newsflagicon|url=http://rt.com/usa/175980-us-images-russia-ukraine/|title=USRepublik releasesRakyat satelliteDonetsk}} images[[Republik 'proving'Rakyat RussiaDonetsk|RR isDonetsk]]<br>{{flagicon|Republik firingRakyat intoLugansk}} Ukraine|publisher=RT|date=27[[Republik JulyRakyat 2014Luhansk|accessdate=28RR July 2017}}</ref></small>Luhansk]]▼
*{{flag|Republik Rakyat Donetsk}}
|commander1 = {{flagicon|Ukraina}} [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] <small>(2019–2022)</small><br>{{flagicon|Ukraina}} [[Petro Poroshenko]] <small>(2014–2019)</small><br>{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Oleksandr Turchynov]] <small>(2014)</small>
*{{flag|Republik Rakyat Lugansk}}
|commander2 = {{flagicon|Rusia}} [[Vladimir Putin]]<br>{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Donetsk}} [[Denis Pushilin]] <small>(2018–2022)</small><br>{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Donetsk}} [[Aleksandr Zakharchenko|A. Zakharchenko]] <small>(2014–2018)</small> [[Asasinasi|''×'']]<br>{{flagicon|Rusia}} [[Aleksandr Borodai]] <small>(2014)</small><br>{{flagicon|Rusia}} [[Igor Girkin]] <small>(2014)</small><br>{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Donetsk}} [[Pavel Gubarev]] <small>(2014)</small><br>{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Luhansk}} [[Leonid Pasechnik]] <small>(2017–2022)</small><br>{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Luhansk}} [[Igor Plotnitsky]] <small>(2014–2017)</small><br>{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Luhansk}} [[Valery Bolotov]] <small>(2014)</small>
▲{{flag|Rusia}}<ref name="REUeuada" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/washington-has-evidence-of-russias-readiness-to-supply-new-weapons-to-separatists-in-ukraine-357864.html|agency=Interfax-Ukraine|publisher=Kyiv Post|date=25 July 2014|quote="We have evidence that Russia is firing artillery from within Russia to attack Ukrainian military positions"}}</ref><ref name=wpproof>{{cite news|title=U.S. releases images it says show Russia has fired artillery over border into Ukraine|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-releases-images-it-says-show-russia-has-fired-artillery-over-border-into-ukraine/2014/07/27/f9190158-159d-11e4-9e3b-7f2f110c6265_story.html|publisher=Washington Post|date=27 July 2014}}</ref><br><small>(dibantah oleh Rusia)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rt.com/usa/175980-us-images-russia-ukraine/|title=US releases satellite images 'proving' Russia is firing into Ukraine|publisher=RT|date=27 July 2014|accessdate=28 July 2017}}</ref></small>
|strength1 = 64.000 tentara<ref>{{cite web |url=http://24today.net/open/484721 |name=Probability of full-scale Russian invasion remains high – Ukrainian army general |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2023-05-03 |archive-date=2017-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228171239/http://24today.net/open/484721 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|combatant2 = {{flag|Ukraina}}
|strength2 = 40.000–45.000 separatis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-09/ukrainian-rebels-have-army-the-size-of-small-european-state/6530828 |name=Pro-Russian rebels have 40,000-strong army, sufficient for 'mid-sized European state': Ukraine defence minister}}</ref><br>9.000–12.000 tentara Rusia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russian-troops-fighting-poltorak/27059578.html |name=Kyiv Says 42,500 Rebels, Russian Soldiers Stationed in East Ukraine }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-russia-soldiers/some-12000-russian-soldiers-in-ukraine-supporting-rebels-u-s-commander-idUSKBN0LZ2FV20150303 |name=Some 12,000 Russian soldiers in Ukraine supporting rebels: U.S.commander }}</ref>
|commander1 = {{Flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}}{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Alexander Borodai]] <br /> {{Flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}} [[Denis Pushilin]] <br /> {{Flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}}{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Igor Girkin]]<br> {{flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}} [[Pavel Gubarev]]<br/> {{Flagicon|Lugansk People's Republic}} [[Valery Bolotov]]<br>{{flagicon|Donetsk People's Republic}} [[Igor Kakidzyanov]] {{POW}}
|casualties1 = 4.647 tewas<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/02/23/Ukraine-soldier-dies-in-shelling-attack-Armed-forces |name=Ukraine soldier dies in shelling attack: Armed forces }}</ref><br>70 hilang<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/unian-70-missing-soldiers-officially-reported-over-years-of-war-in-donbas.html |name=UNIAN: 70 missing soldiers officially reported over years of war in Donbas }}</ref><br>13.800–14.200 terluka<ref name="OHCHR" />
|commander2 = {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Petro Poroshenko]] <br /> {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Arseniy Yatsenyuk]] <br /> {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Oleksandr Turchynov]] <br /> {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Arsen Avakov (politician)|Arsen Avakov]] <br /> {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Valeriy Heletey]] <br /> {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Andriy Parubiy]]<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/parubiy-says-anti-terrorist-operation-will-continue-as-separatists-in-luhansk-donetsk-reject-putins-call-to-postpone-referendum-346933.html Parubiy says anti-terrorist operation will continue as separatists in Luhansk, Donetsk reject Putin’s call to postpone referendum], Kyiv Post (8 May 2014)</ref>
|casualties2 = 6.517 tewas<ref name="OHCHR">{{cite web|url=https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/Conflict-related%20civilian%20casualties%20as%20of%2031%20December%202021%20%28rev%2027%20January%202022%29%20corr%20EN_0.pdf |name=Conflict-related civilian casualties in Ukraine }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.ombudsman-dnr.ru/the-overview-of-the-current-social-and-humanitarian-situation-in-the-territory-of-the-donetsk-peoples-republic-as-a-result-of-hostilities-in-the-period-from-19-and-25-february-2022/ |name=The overview of the current social and humanitarian situation in the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic as a result of hostilities in the period from 19 and 25 February 2022 – Human rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People's Republic }}</ref><br>15.800–16.200 terluka<ref name="OHCHR" />
|strength1 = 20.000<ref>[http://en.itar-tass.com/world/739790 The army of the Lugansk and Donetsk People’s Republics has 20,000 fighters - Gubarev]. ''Itar-Tass''. 9 July 2014</ref> <small>(menurut pemberontak)</small><br />~10.000<ref name="usetoday-20140712">[http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/07/12/ukraine-donetsk-separatists/12506719/ Ukraine's next battle is Donetsk, but no bombs, please]. ''USA Today''. 12 Juli 2014.</ref><br /><small>(menurut para ahli)</small>
|casualties3 = 3.404 warga sipil tewas (365 pada 2016–2021)<ref name="OHCHR" /><br>14.200–14.400 tewas; 51.000–54.000 terluka secara keseluruhan<ref name="OHCHR" /><br>1,6 juta warga Ukraina terlantar secara internal; lebih dari 1 juta warga mengungsi ke luar negeri per Maret 2016
|strength2 = 30.000<ref name="usetoday-20140712" />
|casualties1 = 650 <small>(menurut pemerintah)</small><br>
560–860<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ukraine-death-toll-climbs-information-scant-24527780 Ukraine Death Toll Climbs, but Information Scant]</ref><ref name="BBC3July">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-28144334|title=Ukraine's new defence minister promises Crimea victory|work=BBC news|date=3 July 2014|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/07/14/ukraine-crisis-idINL6N0PP34820140714 |title=Ukraine says Russian army officers fighting with rebels |access-date=2014-08-03 |archive-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715013011/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/07/14/ukraine-crisis-idINL6N0PP34820140714 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.thanhniennews.com/world/west-agrees-wider-russia-sanctions-as-kiev-says-forces-near-crash-site-29210.html West agrees wider Russia sanctions as Kiev says forces near crash site]</ref> <small>(menurut pemberontak)</small>
|casualties2 = 424 tewas,<ref>363 servicemen killed (7 April–30 July),[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/official-over-360-soldiers-killed-in-east-ukraine-since-start-of-operation-358695.html] 27 policemen killed (7 April–3 July),[http://zik.com.ua/en/news/2014/07/02/ukraine_death_toll_amounts_to_200_killed_and_619_wounded_502473]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}[http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/07/03/ukraine-crisis-defence-idINKBN0F80OR20140703] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813235152/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/07/03/ukraine-crisis-defence-idINKBN0F80OR20140703 |date=2014-08-13 }} 11 soldiers killed (31 July),[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukrainian-army-loses-11-soldiers-in-past-24-hours-358812.html] 23 soldiers killed (1 August),[http://www.nltimes.nl/2014/08/01/ukrainian-soldiers-killed-near-mh17-site/] total of 424 reported killed</ref> 1.661 terluka,<ref>1,465 soldiers (7 April–31 July),[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/official-over-360-soldiers-killed-in-east-ukraine-since-start-of-operation-358695.html][http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukrainian-army-loses-11-soldiers-in-past-24-hours-358812.html] 196 border guards (7 April–31 July),[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukrainian-border-checkpoints-come-under-over-150-attacks-from-russia-since-june-5-358484.html][http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/three-ukrainian-border-guards-killed-11-wounded-in-ato-area-early-on-july-31-358810.html]</ref> 245 ditangkap<ref>[http://azdailysun.com/business/russia-accuses-us-of-fueling-ukrainian-crisis/image_1470c63c-a7a7-5e41-9368-f18d4a77c65e.html Russia accuses US of fueling Ukrainian crisis]</ref><ref name="connection">[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/russia-asks-envoys-to-visit-town-it-says-was-hit-by-ukraine-shelling/article19608888/ Kiev hints at Moscow connection to deadly air strike in east Ukraine]</ref> dan 11<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-reports-losses-after-pro-russian-ambush-near-malaysia-airlines-flight-17-crash-area-1406890209?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTTopStories Ukraine Reports Losses After Pro-Russian Ambush Near Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 Crash Area]</ref>–13<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ukraine-conflict-at-least-10-troops-killed-in-ambush-near-crash-site-1.2724730 Ukraine conflict: At least 10 troops killed in ambush near crash site]</ref> hilang<br>1–2 militan tewas<ref name=20140420theguardian>{{cite web|author=Agencies|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/20/deadly-ukraine-gunbattle-threatens-fragile-easter-truce|title=Deadly Ukraine gunbattle threatens fragile Easter truce|work=The Guardian|date=20 April 2014}}</ref>
|casualties3 = 550 warga tewas<ref>[https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/56944 Ukraine: Amid fresh bloodshed, Australia pushes intervention]</ref><br>Secara keseluruhan 1.129+ warga dan kombatan tewas (pada 28 Juli)<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=MH17 crash: Shooting down the Malaysia Airlines flight 'may amount to a war crime', says UN|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/10995087/MH17-crash-Shooting-down-the-Malaysia-Airlines-flight-may-amount-to-a-war-crime-says-UN.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=|publisher=|date=28 July 2014|accessdate= }}</ref>
|notes =
|campaignbox =
|result=Dimasukkan dalam [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina|invasi Rusia ke Ukraina]] pada 24 Februari 2022, dengan partisipasi DPR dan LPR (lihat [[Pertempuran Donbas (2022-sekarang)|Pertempuran Donbas]])|territory=Kelompok separatis yang didukung Rusia mendirikan dua republik yang tidak diakui di beberapa bagian oblast Donetsk dan Luhansk.|units1={{flagicon|Ukraina}} '''Ukraina'''
}}▼
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Ukraina]]
'''Perang di Donbass''' (juga disebut '''Perang di Ukraina''' atau '''Perang di Ukraina Timur''') adalah konflik bersenjata yang berlangsung di wilayah [[Donbass]], [[Ukraina]]. Semenjak Maret 2014, demonstrasi oleh kelompok pro-Rusia dan anti-pemerintah pecah di [[Oblast Donetsk]] dan [[Oblast Lugansk|Lugansk]] setelah pergerakan [[Euromaidan]] berhasil menjatuhkan pemerintahan [[Viktor Yanukovych]] yang pro-Rusia. Demonstrasi tersebut kemudian berubah menjadi konflik bersenjata antara pasukan separatis [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk]] dan [[Republik Rakyat Lugansk|Lugansk]] melawan tentara pemerintah Ukraina.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/armed-pro-russian-insurgents-in-luhansk-say-they-are-ready-for-police-raid-343167.html|title=Armed pro-Russian insurgents in Luhansk say they are ready for police raid|work=Kyiv Post|date=12 April 2014|last=Grytsenko|first=Oksana}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/ukraine-special-forces-sent-eastern-city-retake-buildings-082049113.html|title=Ukraine to deploy troops to quash pro-Russian insurgency in the east|work=Yahoo News Canada|date=14 April 2014|agency=Associated Press|last=Leonard|first=Peter|access-date=2014-08-03|archive-date=2014-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414125950/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/ukraine-special-forces-sent-eastern-city-retake-buildings-082049113.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Para separatis sebagian besar dipimpin oleh warga Rusia.<ref name="REUeuada">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/27/us-ukraine-crisis-rebels-insight-idUSKBN0FW07020140727|title=Pushing locals aside, Russians take top rebel posts in east Ukraine|work=Reuters|date=27 July 2014|accessdate=27 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728013327/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/27/us-ukraine-crisis-rebels-insight-idUSKBN0FW07020140727|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sukarelawan dari Rusia dilaporkan meliputi 15%<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rumedia.biz/item/3037 |title=Представитель ДНР назвал процент российских добровольцев в местной армии |access-date=2014-08-03 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015164343/http://rumedia.biz/item/3037 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> hingga 50-80% kombatan pro-Rusia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.censor.net.ua/resonance/295448/rossiyiskiyi_naemnik_polovina_opolchentsev_iz_rossii_mne_pomogayut_sponsory_my_vozmem_lvov |title=РОССИЙСКИЙ НАЕМНИК: "ПОЛОВИНА ОПОЛЧЕНЦЕВ - ИЗ РОССИИ. МНЕ ПОМОГАЮТ СПОНСОРЫ. МЫ ВОЗЬМЕМ ЛЬВОВ" |access-date=2014-08-03 |archive-date=2014-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727190415/http://m.censor.net.ua/resonance/295448/rossiyiskiyi_naemnik_polovina_opolchentsev_iz_rossii_mne_pomogayut_sponsory_my_vozmem_lvov |dead-url=yes }}</ref>.<ref name="REUeuada"/>▼
** [[Angkatan Udara Ukraina]]
** [[Angkatan Darat Ukraina]]
* [[Dinas Keamanan Ukraina]]
* [[Kementerian Urusan Dalam Negeri (Ukraina)|Kementerian Dalam Negeri]]
** [[Garda Nasional Ukraina]]
* Batalyon sukarelawan Ukraina|units2={{flagicon|Rusia}} '''Rusia'''
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia]]
* Relawan asing
{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Donetsk}}{{flagicon|Republik Rakyat Luhansk}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya|'''Separatis Pro-Rusia''']]
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya|Milisi Rakyat Donetsk]]
* [[Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya|Milisi Rakyat Luhansk]]}}
▲'''Perang di DonbassDonbas''' (juga disebut '''Perang di Ukraina''' atau '''Perang di Ukraina Timur''') adalah konflik bersenjata yang berlangsung di wilayah [[DonbassDonbas]], [[Ukraina]]. Semenjak Maret 2014, demonstrasi oleh kelompok pro-Rusia dan anti-pemerintah pecah di [[Oblast Donetsk]] dan [[Oblast Lugansk|LuganskLuhansk]] setelah pergerakan [[Euromaidan]] berhasil menjatuhkan pemerintahan [[Viktor Yanukovych]] yang pro-Rusia. Demonstrasi tersebut kemudian berubah menjadi konflik bersenjata antara pasukan separatis [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk|Republik Donetsk]] dan [[Republik Rakyat LuganskLuhansk|LuganskRepublik Luhansk]] melawan tentara pemerintah Ukraina.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/armed-pro-russian-insurgents-in-luhansk-say-they-are-ready-for-police-raid-343167.html|title=Armed pro-Russian insurgents in Luhansk say they are ready for police raid|work=Kyiv Post|date=12 April 2014|last=Grytsenko|first=Oksana}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/ukraine-special-forces-sent-eastern-city-retake-buildings-082049113.html|title=Ukraine to deploy troops to quash pro-Russian insurgency in the east|work=Yahoo News Canada|date=14 April 2014|agency=Associated Press|last=Leonard|first=Peter|access-date=2014-08-03|archive-date=2014-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414125950/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/ukraine-special-forces-sent-eastern-city-retake-buildings-082049113.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Para separatis sebagian besar dipimpin oleh warga Rusia.<ref name="REUeuada">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/27/us-ukraine-crisis-rebels-insight-idUSKBN0FW07020140727|title=Pushing locals aside, Russians take top rebel posts in east Ukraine|work=Reuters|date=27 July 2014|accessdate=27 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728013327/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/27/us-ukraine-crisis-rebels-insight-idUSKBN0FW07020140727|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sukarelawan dari Rusia dilaporkan meliputi 15%<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rumedia.biz/item/3037 |title=Представитель ДНР назвал процент российских добровольцев в местной армии |access-date=2014-08-03 |archive-date=2014-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015164343/http://rumedia.biz/item/3037 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> hingga 50-80% kombatan pro-Rusia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.censor.net.ua/resonance/295448/rossiyiskiyi_naemnik_polovina_opolchentsev_iz_rossii_mne_pomogayut_sponsory_my_vozmem_lvov |title=РОССИЙСКИЙ НАЕМНИК: "ПОЛОВИНА ОПОЛЧЕНЦЕВ - ИЗ РОССИИ. МНЕ ПОМОГАЮТ СПОНСОРЫ. МЫ ВОЗЬМЕМ ЛЬВОВ" |access-date=2014-08-03 |archive-date=2014-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727190415/http://m.censor.net.ua/resonance/295448/rossiyiskiyi_naemnik_polovina_opolchentsev_iz_rossii_mne_pomogayut_sponsory_my_vozmem_lvov |dead-url=yes }}</ref>.<ref name="REUeuada"/>
 
== Sejarah ==
Pada bulan Maret 2014, pasca [[Kerusuhan Euromaidan Februari 2014|Revolusi Maidan]] di Ukraina, protes kaum anti-revolusi dan [[Kerusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraina 2014|pro-Rusia]] dimulai di [[oblast Donetsk]] dan [[Oblast Luhansk|Luhansk]], yang secara kolektif disebut "Donbas". Ini dimulai ketika [[Aneksasi Krimea 2014|Rusia menginvasi dan menganeksasi Krimea]]. Kelompok separatis bersenjata yang didukung Rusia merebut gedung-gedung pemerintah Ukraina dan mendeklarasikan republik [[Republik Rakyat Donetsk|Donetsk]] dan [[Luhansk]] (DPR dan LPR) sebagai negara yang merdeka, yang menyebabkan konflik dengan pasukan pemerintah Ukraina.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-12|title=Armed pro-Russian insurgents in Luhansk say they are ready for police raid|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/armed-pro-russian-insurgents-in-luhansk-say-they-are-ready-for-police-raid-343167.html|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2023-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412131249/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/armed-pro-russian-insurgents-in-luhansk-say-they-are-ready-for-police-raid-343167.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Rusia secara diam-diam mendukung kelompok separatis dengan pasukan dan persenjataan. Rusia hanya mengakui mengirim "spesialis militer",<ref>{{Cite web|title=Putin Claims Russia Was ‘Forced To Defend Russian-Speaking Population In Donbass’|url=https://www.interpretermag.com/day-968/|website=www.interpretermag.com|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Vladimir Putin admits: Russian troops 'were in Ukraine'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/12054164/Vladimir-Putins-annual-press-conference-2015-live.html|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> tetapi kemudian mengakui separatis tersebut sebagai [[Veteran|veteran perang]] Rusia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Duma passes law giving Wagner mercenaries ‘combat veteran’ status|url=https://meduza.io/en/news/2023/04/20/state-duma-passes-law-giving-wagner-mercenaries-combat-veteran-status|website=Meduza|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Setelah satu tahun pertempuran, konflik berkembang menjadi [[perang parit]]. Terdapat 29 gencatan senjata yang gagal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Місяць “тиші” на Донбасі. Що відбувається на фронті|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2020/09/7/7265424/|website=Українська правда|language=uk|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Year ceasefire enters into force in Donbass|url=https://tass.com/world/1038447|website=TASS|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Four DPR servicemen killed in shellings by Ukrainian troops in past week|url=https://tass.com/world/1027270|website=TASS|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Sekitar 14.000 orang tewas dalam perang tersebut, yakni 6.500 pasukan proksi Rusia dan Rusia, 4.400 pasukan Ukraina, dan 3.400 warga sipil di kedua sisi garis depan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Conflict-related civilian casualties in Ukraine|url=https://ukraine.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-02/Conflict-related%20civilian%20casualties%20as%20of%2031%20December%202021%20%28rev%2027%20January%202022%29%20corr%20EN_0.pdf|website=OHCHR}}</ref> Sebagian besar korban sipil terjadi pada tahun pertama.<ref name=":1" />
 
Pada April 2014, Ukraina melancarkan serangan balasan yang disebut "Operasi Anti-Teroris"<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-04-15|title=Ukraine says Donetsk 'anti-terror operation' under way|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27035196|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> (ATO), kemudian berganti nama menjadi "Operasi Pasukan Gabungan" (JFO).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The Separatist War in Donbas: A Violent Break-up of Ukraine?|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299383810|website=European Politics and Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-04|title=Old war, new rules: what comes next as ATO ends and a new operation starts in Donbas?|url=https://uacrisis.org/en/66558-joint-forces-operation|website=Uacrisis.org|language=en-US|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Pada akhir Agustus 2014, Ukraina berhasil merebut kembali sebagian besar wilayah yang dikuasai separatis dan hampir merebut kembali kendali atas perbatasan Rusia–Ukraina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine|url=https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf|website=RAND Corporation}}</ref> Sebagai tanggapan, Rusia diam-diam mengirim pasukan, tank, dan artileri ke Donbas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gordon|first=Michael R.|date=2014-08-22|title=Russia Moves Artillery Units Into Ukraine, NATO Says|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/23/world/europe/russia-moves-artillery-units-into-ukraine-nato-says.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|last2=Gordon|first2=Michael R.|date=2014-08-27|title=Ukraine Reports Russian Invasion on a New Front|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/28/world/europe/ukraine-russia-novoazovsk-crimea.html|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Pejabat Ukraina menyebut ini sebagai "invasi siluman" Rusia.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-08-22|title=U.S. says Russia must pull convoy from Ukraine or face more sanctions|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-aid-convoy-idUSKBN0GM0IS20140822|newspaper=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Campur tangan Rusia ini membantu separatis pro-Rusia menguasai sebagian besar wilayah yang direbut kembali pemerintah Ukraina.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Окремі райони Донбасу та Луганської області (ОРДЛО) {{!}} Ukraine War Explained|url=https://www.uawarexplained.com/uk/ldnr|website=www.uawarexplained.com|language=uk|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> [[Aleksandr Borodai]], mantan "Perdana Menteri" DPR mengatakan 50.000 "relawan Rusia" telah bertempur dalam lima bulan pertama.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Ukraine rebel head starts support group for Russian fighters|url=https://news.yahoo.com/former-ukraine-rebel-head-starts-support-group-russian-170701239.html.html|website=Yahoo News (AFP)}}</ref>
 
Ukraina, Rusia, DPR, dan LPR menandatangani perjanjian gencatan senjata dalam [[Perjanjian Minsk#Protokol Minsk|Protokol Minsk]] pada September 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-09-05|title=Ukraine and pro-Russia rebels sign ceasefire deal|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29082574|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Namun gencatan senjata ini banyak dilanggar, dan pertempuran sengit kemnali berlanjut pada Januari 2015, di mana separatis merebut [[Bandar Udara Internasional Donetsk|Bandara Donetsk]]. Gencatan senjata baru, [[Minsk II]], disepakati pada 12 Februari 2015. Setelah itu, separatis kembali memperbarui serangan mereka di [[Debaltseve]] dan memukul mundur militer Ukraina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rebels claim upper hand in Debaltseve – DW – 02/17/2015|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-separatists-claim-major-gains-in-debaltseve/a-18264224|website=dw.com|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref>
 
Setelah jatuhnya Debaltseve, pertempuran terus berlanjut tetapi garis depan tidak berubah. Kedua belah pihak memperkuat posisi mereka dengan membangun jaringan [[parit]], [[bungker]], dan terowongan, yang mengakibatkan perang parit statis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Go Inside the Frozen Trenches of Eastern Ukraine|url=https://time.com/3715642/ukraine-russia-trenches-photos/|website=Time|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Daniel|title=Here's what it's like inside the bunkers Ukrainian troops are living in every day|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-the-bunkers-ukrainian-troops-dig-for-protection-look-like-2017-8|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Kebuntuan menyebabkan perang ini disebut sebagai "[[konflik beku]]",<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-25|title=NewsWires : euronews : the latest international news as video on demand|url=http://www.euronews.com/newswires/3041823-ceasefire-brings-limited-respite-for-east-ukrainians/|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2023-05-03|archive-date=2015-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725132924/http://www.euronews.com/newswires/3041823-ceasefire-brings-limited-respite-for-east-ukrainians/|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> tetapi Donbas tetap menjadi zona perang dengan puluhan orang tewas setiap bulannya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Whitmore|first=Brian|date=2016-07-28|title=The Daily Vertical: Ukraine's Forgotten War (Transcript)|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/daily-vertical-deadly-donbas-forgotten-war/27880993.html|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Per tahun 2017, rata-rata 1 orang tentara Ukraina tewas dalam pertempuran setiap tiga hari,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-04|title=In Ukraine It’s Beginning to Look Like Christmas, and Less Like Russia|url=https://www.dailysignal.com/2017/12/04/ukraine-beginning-look-lot-like-christmas-lot-less-like-russia/|website=The Daily Signal|language=en-US|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> dengan perkiraan 40.000 separatis dan 6.000 tentara Rusia di wilayah tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Interfax-Ukraine|title=Kyiv says there are about 6,000 Russian soldiers, 40,000 separatists in Donbas|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/9022|website=Get the Latest Ukraine News Today - KyivPost|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Miller|first=Christopher|date=2017-01-30|title=Anxious Ukraine Risks Escalation In 'Creeping Offensive'|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-creeping-offensive-escalation-fighting/28268104.html|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Pada akhir 2017, pengamat [[Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja Sama di Eropa|OSCE]] telah menghitung sekitar 30.000 orang dengan perlengkapan militer menyeberang dari Rusia di dua pos pemeriksaan perbatasan yang diizinkan untuk dipantau,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Response to Chief Observer of the Observer Mission at the Russian Border Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk {{!}} Statement to the PC|url=https://osce.usmission.gov/response-chief-observer-observer-mission-russian-border-checkpoints-gukovo-donetsk-statement-pc/|work=OSCE}}</ref> dan mendokumentasikan konvoi militer yang menyeberang dari Rusia secara diam-diam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OSCE catches Russia bringing war to Donbas by night|url=https://khpg.org///en/1534013815|website=Human Rights in Ukraine|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref>
 
Semua pihak menyetujui rencana untuk mengakhiri perang pada Oktober 2019,<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-10-11|title=Ukraine conflict: Can peace plan in east finally bring peace?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49986007|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> tetapi tidak kunjung terselesaikan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-25|title=Zelenskyy: 'high chance' of ending war in Ukraine 'this year'.|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/08/25/volodymyr-zelenskyy-high-chance-of-ending-war-in-ukraine-this-year|website=euronews|language=en|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Selama tahun 2021, korban tewas di Ukraina meningkat tajam dan [[Krisis Rusia-Ukraina 2021–2022|pasukan Rusia berkumpul di dekat perbatasan Ukraina]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-08|title=Ukraine conflict: Moscow could 'defend' Russia-backed rebels|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56678665|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref> Kemudian Rusia secara resmi mengakui DPR dan LPR sebagai negara merdeka pada 21 Februari 2022 dan mengerahkan pasukan ke wilayah tersebut. Pada tanggal 24 Februari, [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022|Rusia memulai invasi penuh ke Ukraina]], dengan perang di Donbas dimasukkan ke dalamnya.
 
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Perang Rusia-Ukraina]]
* [[Serangan siber di Ukraina 2017]]
* [[Serangan siber Ukraina 2022]]
* [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022]]
 
== Catatan kaki ==
Baris 29 ⟶ 54:
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat|War in DonbassDonbas|Perang di Donbas}}
* [http://www.osce.org/odihr/118476?download=true 12 May report on human rights and minority rights situation in Ukraine] by the [[OSCE]] Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
* [http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine_Report_15July2014.pdf 15 July report on the human rights situation in Ukraine] by the [[OHCHR]]
 
{{Navboxes
|title = Konflik dan peperangan
|list1 =
{{War in Donbas}}
{{Russian conflicts}}▼
{{Russo-Ukrainian War navbox}}
▲{{Russian conflicts}}
{{Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina}}
▲}}
 
{{perang-stub}}
[[Kategori:Perang di Donbass| Donbas]]▼
[[Kategori:Perang Rusia-Ukraina]]
▲[[Kategori:Perang di Donbass| ]]
[[Kategori:Perang yang melibatkan Ukraina]]
[[Kategori:Perang yang melibatkan Rusia]]
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2014]]
[[Kategori:Separatisme di Ukraina]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Perang_di_Donbas"