Wikipedia

Demokrasi Islam: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Dikembalikan halaman dengan galat kutipan menambah tag nowiki VisualEditor Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
Pineapplethen (bicara | kontrib)
869 suntingan
→Partai dan Organisasi Demokratis Islam: PAN bukanlah partai Islam, tetapi nasionalis relijius non-sektarian https://www.pinterpolitik.com/pinpol-tv/pan-bukan-partai-islam/amp/
Tag: halaman dengan galat kutipan Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
 
(38 revisi perantara oleh 20 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Demokrasi}}
'''Demokrasi Islam''' adalah [[Autokrasi]]demokrasi ideologi politik yang berusaha menerapkan prinsip-prinsip [[Islam]] ke dalam [[kebijakan publik]] dalam kerangka [[demokrasi]]. Teori politik Islam menyebutkan tiga ciri dasar demokrasi Islam: pemimpin harus dipilih oleh rakyat, tunduk pada [[syariah]], dan berkomitmen untuk mempraktekkan "syura", sebuah bentuk konsultasi khusus yang dilakukan oleh [[Nabi MuhammadIslam SAW[[Muhammad]] yang dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai hadits dengan komunitas mereka.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Najib |last=Ghadbian |date=July 6, 2003 |title=Democracy or Self-Interest? |url=http://hir.harvard.edu/chinademocracy-or-self-interest/ |journal=Harvard International Review |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Negara-negara yang memenuhi tiga ciri dasar tersebut antara lain Afghanistan, [[Iran,]] dan [[Malaysia]]. [[Afghanistan]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Qatar]], dan [[Uni Emirat Arab]] adalah contoh negara yang ''tidak'' menganut prinsip demokrasi Islam meski negara-negara Islam, karena negara-negara ini tidak mengadakan pemilihan. Pelaksanaan demokrasi Islam berbeda di negara-negara mayoritas muslim, karena interpretasi syariah berbeda-beda dari satu negara ke negara lain, dan penggunaan syariah lebih komprehensif di negara-negara di mana syariah menjadi dasar bagi undang-undang negara.
 
Konsep liberalisme dan partisipasi demokratis sudah ada di [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam|dunia Islam abad pertengahan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Weeramantry |first=Christopher G. |date=1997 |title=Justice Without Frontiers: Furthering Human Rights |publisher=Kluwer Law International |location=The Hague |pages=134–5 |isbn=90-411-0241-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Sullivan |first=Antony T. |date=January–February 1997 |title=Istanbul Conference Traces Islamic Roots of Western Law, Society |url=http://www.wrmea.org/1997-january-february/istanbul-conference-traces-islamic-roots-of-western-law-society.html |journal=[[Washington Report on Middle East Affairs]] |page=36 |accessdate=2008-02-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Goodman |first=Lenn Evan |date=2003 |title=Islamic Humanism |url=https://archive.org/details/islamichumanism0000good |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamichumanism0000good/page/155 155] |isbn=0-19-513580-6}}</ref> [[Kekhalifahan Rasyidin]] dianggap oleh para pendukungnya sebagai contoh awal sebuah negara demokratis dan diklaim bahwa perkembangan demokrasi di dunia Islam akhirnya terhenti setelah [[Hubungan Sunni-Syiah|perpecahan Sunni–Syiah]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=al-Hibri |first=Azizah Y. |title=Islamic and American Constitutional Law: Borrowing Possibilities or a History of Borrowing |journal=[[University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law]] |volume=1 |issue=3 |year=1998–1999 |pages=492–527 [507–25]}}</ref>
[[Muhammad Alif Adha Bin Samad]]
 
Konsep liberalisme dan partisipasi demokratis sudah ada di . dianggap oleh para pendukungnya sebagai contoh awal sebuah negara demokratis dan diklaim bahwa perkembangan demokrasi di dunia Islam akhirnya terhenti setelah .
 
== Partai dan Organisasi Demokratis Islam ==
Berikut ini adalah daftar partai dan organisasi yang bertujuan untuk menerapkan syariat atau negara Islam, atau menganut [[identitas politik]] muslim, atau dengan cara lain memenuhi definisi politik Islam, aktivis Islam, atau Islamisme yang dijelaskan dalam artikel ini; atau telah banyak dideskripsikan oleh orang lain.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Negara atau jangkauan!!Gerakan
|-
|Internasional||{{hlist||[[Hizbut Tahrir]]|[[Ikhwanul Muslimin]]}}
|-
|{{flag|Bahrain}}||{{hlist|[[Al Wifaq]] {{small|(''Syiah'')}}|[[Perkumpulan Islam Al-Minbar|Al Minbar]] {{small|(''Sunni'')}}<ref name="wikileaks">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/168471 Guide to Bahrain's politics] – 4 Sep 2008. [[J. Adam Ereli|Ambassador Ereli]], US Embassy, Bahrain/Wikileaks/''The Guardian''</ref>}}
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}||[[Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh]]<ref name="The Tenacity of Hope">{{cite magazine |title=The Tenacity of Hope |url=http://www.economist.com/node/12855437 |magazine=The Economist |date=30 December 2008 |accessdate=25 October 2014 |quote=[The BNP] seems also to have been hurt by its alliance with Islamist parties, the largest of which, Jamaat-e-Islami, was reduced from 17 seats to just two.}}</ref><ref name="economist.com">{{cite magazine |title=Bangladesh and war crimes: Blighted at birth |url=http://www.economist.com/node/16485517?zid=309&ah=80dcf288b8561b012f603b9fd9577f0e |magazine=[[The Economist]] |date=1 July 2010 |quote=West [Pakistan]'s army had the support of many of East Pakistan's Islamist parties. They included Jamaat-e-Islami, still Bangladesh's largest Islamist party ... reinstating and enforcing that original constitution might amount to an outright ban on Jamaat, the standardbearer in Bangladesh for a conservative strain of Islam.}}</ref> {{small|(''Dilarang'')}}
|-▼
|{{flag|Mesir}}||{{hlist|[[Partai Kebebasan dan Keadilan]]|[[Ikhwanul Muslimin di Mesir]]|[[Partai Al-Nur]]|[[Partai Al-Wasath]]<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/world/middleeast/muslim-brotherhood-wins-47-of-egypt-assembly-seats.html Islamists Win 75% of Seats in the Egyptian Parliament] ''The New York Times''.</ref>}}▼
|-
|{{flag|Finlandia}}||[[Partai Islam Finlandia]]
|-
▲|{{flag|Mesir}}||{{hlist|[[Partai Kebebasan dan Keadilan]] {{small|(''Dilarang'')}}|[[Ikhwanul Muslimin di Mesir]] {{small|(''Dilarang'')}}|[[Partai Al-Nur]]|[[Partai Al-Wasath]]<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/world/middleeast/muslim-brotherhood-wins-47-of-egypt-assembly-seats.html Islamists Win 75% of Seats in the Egyptian Parliament] ''The New York Times''.</ref>}}
▲|-
|{{flag|India}}||{{hlist|[[Jamaat-e-Islami India]]|[[Liga Persatuan Muslim India]]|[[Liga Nasional India]]|[[Konferensi Seluruh Partai Hurriyat|Konferensi Hurriyat]]|[[AIUDF]]|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]]}}
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||{{hlist|[[Nahdlatul Ulama]]|[[Muhammadiyah]]|[[Partai Persatuan Pembangunan]]|[[Partai Keadilan Sejahtera]]|[[Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa]]<ref name="Evans, Kevin R 2003">Evans, Kevin R (2003). ''The history of political parties & general elections in Indonesia''. Jakarta:Arise Consultancies.</ref><ref name="Schwarz, 1994 172">{{cite book |last= Schwarz |first= Adam|title= A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s |url= https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw |year= 1994 |publisher= Allen & Unwin |isbn=0-521-77326-1 |page= [https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw/page/172 172]}}</ref><ref name="Indonesian Democracy’s Enemy Within">Dhume, Sadanand. (December 1, 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20051219200554/http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=6579 Indonesian Democracy’s Enemy Within]. Yale Global.</ref>}}
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}||{{hlist|[[Aliansi Pembangunan Islam Iran]]|[[Front Partisipasi Islam Iran]]}}
Baris 34 ⟶ 30:
|{{flag|Kuwait}}||[[Hadas]]
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}||{{hlist|[[HezbollahHizbullah (Lebanon)|Hizbullah]] {{small|(''Syiah'')}}|[[Al-Jama'ah Al-Islamiyah (Lebanon)|Al-Jama'ah Al-Islamiyah]] {{small|(''Sunni'')}}<ref name="meforum.org"/>}}
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}||{{hlist|[[Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Libya)|Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan]]<ref name="libyaherald.com">{{Cite news |title=Muslim Brotherhood formally launches party |newspaper=Libya Herald |date=3 March 2012 |url=http://www.libyaherald.com/muslim-brotherhood-formally-launches-party/|accessdate=8 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="Soguel">{{Cite news|first=Dominique|last=Soguel|title=Muslim Brother picked to lead new Libya party|agency=Agence France-Presse|accessdate=8 March 2012|date=3 March 2012|work=Times of India|location=Tripoli|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-03/middle-east/31118855_1_gaddafi-party-north-african-nation|archive-date=2012-07-01|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701141951/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-03/middle-east/31118855_1_gaddafi-party-north-african-nation|dead-url=yes}}</ref>|[[Partai Tanah Air]]<ref>{{citation|first=Peter|last=Beaumont|title=Political Islam poised to dominate the new world bequeathed by Arab spring|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 December 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/03/political-islam-poised-arab-spring|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Dr. Sallabi's views">{{cite news|date=15 September 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/15/world/africa/in-libya-islamists-growing-sway-raises-questions.html?pagewanted=all|title=Islamists’ Growing Sway Raises Questions for Libya |accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{citation|first=Richard|last=Spencer|title=Libyan cleric announces new party on lines of 'moderate' Islamic democracy|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=19 November 2011|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8879955/Libyan-cleric-announces-new-party-on-lines-of-moderate-Islamic-democracy.html|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref>|[[Aliansi Angkatan Bersenjata Nasional]]<ref name="Haimzadeh"/><ref name=lherald>{{Citation |first=George |last=Grant |title=Party Profile: The National Forces Alliance |newspaper=Libya Herald |date=1 July 2012 |url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/07/01/party-profile-the-national-forces-alliance/}}</ref>
}}
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||{{hlist|[[Partai Islam Se-Malaysia]]<ref name="pas.org.my">[http://pas.org.my/v2/kertaskerja/AGS_Penjenamaan_Islam2.pdf ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311001332/http://pas.org.my/v2/kertaskerja/AGS_Penjenamaan_Islam2.pdf |date=March 11, 2012 }}</ref>|[[UMNO|Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu]]<ref name="umno-online.com">UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Goal 3.5. From:{{cite web|url=http://umno-online.com/?page_id%3D2787 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-01-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229132114/http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2787 |archivedate=2012-02-29 |df= }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/>}}[[Partai Amanah Negara (Malaysia)|Partai Amanah Negara]]
|-
|{{flag|Maladewa}}||{{hlist|[[Partai Demokratis Islam (Maladewa)|Partai Demokratis Islam]]|[[Partai Adhaalath]]}}
|-
|{{flag|Maroko}}||[[Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Maroko)|Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan]]<ref name="Chen">{{cite news |url=http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/etn/news_content.php?id=1769378 |last=Chen |first=Cherice |work=[[Taiwan News]] |accessdate=25 November 2011 |date=25 November 2011 |title=Morocco votes in first election since protests; Islamist party eyes victory |archive-date=2011-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127170734/http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/etn/news_content.php?id=1769378 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="bw-11-11-25">{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-11-25/moroccans-vote-in-election-marking-shift-of-power-from-king.html |last=Alami |first=Aida |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |title=Moroccans Vote in Election Marking Shift of Power From King |accessdate=25 November 2011 |date=25 November 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127082331/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-11-25/moroccans-vote-in-election-marking-shift-of-power-from-king.html |archivedate=27 November 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||{{hlist|[[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]]|[[Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal]]|[[Tehreek-e-Insaf Pakistan]]<ref>Sidrah Moiz Khan [http://tribune.com.pk/story/399907/pakistans-creation-pointless-if-it-fails-to-become-islamic-welfare-state// "Pakistan's creation pointless if it fails to become Islamic welfare state"] "Imran Khan said on Wednesday that Pakistan’s creation had been pointless if the country fails to become an Islamic welfare state" 27 June 2012.</ref><ref>Marcus Michaelsen [http://en.qantara.de/Pakistans-Dream-Catcher/18718c497/index.html// "Pakistan's dream catcher"] "Iqbal's work has influenced Imran Khan in his deliberations on an "Islamic social state" 27 March 2012.</ref>}}
Baris 68 ⟶ 64:
|{{flag|Somalia}}||[[Partai Perdamaian dan Pembangunan]]
|-
|{{flag|Suriah}}||[[Ikhwanul Muslimin di Suriah]]<ref name=wp05122012>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/syrias-muslim-brotherhood-is-gaining-influence-over-anti-assad-revolt/2012/05/12/gIQAtIoJLU_story.html Syria’s Muslim Brotherhood is gaining influence over anti-Assad revolt] By Liz Sly, [[Washington Post]] 12 May 2012</ref><ref name=reuters>Khaled Yacoub Oweis [http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/06/us-syria-brotherhood-idUSBRE84504R20120506 "Syria's Muslim Brotherhood rise from the ashes,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015235535/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/06/us-syria-brotherhood-idUSBRE84504R20120506 |date=2015-10-15 }} Reuters (6 May 2012).</ref><ref name=ikhwanweb>[http://ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=29851 "Syria Muslim Brotherhood Issues Post-Assad State-for-All Commitment Charter,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117043505/http://ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=29851 |date=January 17, 2013 }} ikhwanweb.com (The Muslim Brotherhood’s Official English web site) (7 April 2012).</ref> {{small|(''Dilarang'')}}
|-
|{{flag| Tajikistan}}||[[Partai Kebangkitan Islam Tajikistan]]<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
|-
|{{flag|Turki}}||{{hlist|[[Partai Bahagia]]|[[Partai Penyeru Kebebasan]]|[[Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=AKP explains charter changes, slams foreign descriptions|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=akp-explains-charter-changes-slams-foreign-descriptions-2010-03-28|work=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=21 July 2014|location=Istanbul|date=2010-03-28|quote="In the Western press, when the AK Party administration, the ruling party of the Turkish Republic, is being named, unfortunately most of the time 'Islamic,' 'Islamist,' 'mildly Islamist,' 'Islamic-oriented,' 'Islamic-leaning,' 'Islamic-based' or 'with an Islamic agenda,' and similar language is being used. These characterizations do not reflect the truth, and they sadden us," Çelik said. "Yes, the AK Party is a conservative democratic party. The AK Party's conservatism is limited to moral and social issues."}}</ref>}}
Baris 81 ⟶ 75:
 
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/islamic/democracy.htm Islam and Democracy: Perceptions and Misperceptions]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq
* Islam and Democracy: Perce
* [http://islamicamagazine.com/Issue.aspx?IsCurrent=Yes Democracy and the Muslim World (series of articles on Islam and Democracy from Islamica Magazine)]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}▼
* ptions and Misperceptions by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq
* [http://www.beliefnet.com/story/125/story_12584_1.html Islamic Democracies (article)]
▲* Democracy and the Muslim World (series of articles on Islam and Democracy from Islamica Magazine)
* [http://www.ccd21.org/conferences/wwconf_transript2.htm Preview of the Seoul Conference on The Community of Democracies: Challenges and Threats to Democracy] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130112200145/http://www.ccd21.org/conferences/wwconf_transript2.htm |date=2013-01-12 }}
* Islamic Democracies (article)
* Marina Ottoway, et al., '''"Democratic Mirage in the Middle East,"''' Carnegie Endowment for Ethics and International Peace, Policy Brief 20, (October 20, 2002). Internet, available online at: <nowiki>http://www.ceip.org/files/publications/HTMLBriefs-WP/20_October_2002_Policy_Brief/20009536v01.html</nowiki>▼
* Preview of the Seoul Conference on The Community of Democracies: Challenges and Threats to Democracy
* On Ethical Democracy (includng Islamic Democracy): <nowiki>http://www.ethicaldemocracy.org</nowiki>▼
▲* Marina Ottoway, et al., '''"Democratic Mirage in the Middle East,"''' Carnegie Endowment for Ethics and International Peace, Policy Brief 20, (October 20, 2002). Internet, available online at: <nowiki>http://www.ceip.org/files/publications/HTMLBriefs-WP/20_October_2002_Policy_Brief/20009536v01.html</nowiki>
* Marina Ottoway and Thomas Carothers, '''"Think Again: Middle East Democracy,"'''Foreign Policy (Nov./Dec. 2004). Internet, available online at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2705&print=1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113090226/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2705&print=1 |date=2009-01-13 }}
▲* On Ethical Democracy (includng Islamic Democracy): <nowiki>http://www.ethicaldemocracy.org</nowiki>
* MarinaChris Ottoway and Thomas CarothersZambelis, '''"ThinkThe Again:Strategic Implications of Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Middle East Democracy,"'''Foreign PolicyParameters, (Nov./Dec.Autumn 20042005). Internet, available online at: <nowiki>http://www.foreignpolicycarlisle.comarmy.mil/storyusawc/cmsParameters/05autumn/zambelis.php?story_idhtm{{Pranala mati|date=2705&printMaret 2021 |bot=1</nowiki>InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0503/0503afterjihad.htm The Muslim's world future is freedom] Book review, with some controversial content.▼
* Chris Zambelis, '''"The Strategic Implications of Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Middle East,"''' Parameters, (Autumn 2005). Internet, available online at: <nowiki>http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/05autumn/zambelis.htm%5B%5D</nowiki>
* [http://en.nufdi.org/ National Union for Democracy in Iran]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
▲* The Muslim's world future is freedom Book review, with some controversial content.
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1169776,00.html Democracy in the Middle East] A series of articles in the Guardian on the problems of democracy in the region by Brian Whitaker.▼
* National Union for Democracy in Iran
* [http://www.watsoninstitute.org/bjwa/archive/9.2/Iran/Schmid.pdf Expect the Unexpected: A Religious Democracy in Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101055229/http://www.watsoninstitute.org/bjwa/archive/9.2/Iran/Schmid.pdf |date=2007-01-01 }}
▲* Democracy in the Middle East A series of articles in the Guardian on the problems of democracy in the region by Brian Whitaker.
* Expect[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200108/09/eng20010809_76891.html theIranian Unexpected:President AMohammad Khatami Vows to Establish Religious Democracy in Iran ]
* Iranian[http://www.csidonline.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=104&Itemid=71 PresidentRecent MohammadElections Khatamiand Vowsthe toFuture Establishof Religious Democracy in Iran]
* [http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5842.2005.752_1.x Minimal Islam Is the Answer for Iran]▼
* Recent Elections and the Future of Religious Democracy in Iran
* [http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?no=331207&rel_no=1 Democracy Lacking in Muslim World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225191757/http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?no=331207&rel_no=1 |date=2007-12-25 }}
▲* Minimal Islam Is the Answer for Iran
* [http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/251.htm Islamic Revolutionary Guard Official in Tehran University Lecture (Part I): Islam Has Nothing in Common with Democracy]▼
* Democracy Lacking in Muslim World
▲* Islamic Revolutionary Guard Official in Tehran University Lecture (Part I): Islam Has Nothing in Common with Democracy
 
{{ideologies}}
Baris 107 ⟶ 100:
 
 
{{Malaysiapolitik-stub}}
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Demokrasi_Islam"