Hari Jomblo: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
BayuAH (bicara | kontrib)
k Daring dan Luring
 
(14 revisi perantara oleh 6 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox Holiday|holiday_name=Hari Lajang|observedby=[[Tiongkok]]|type=Komersial|significance=Hari berbelanja terbesar di dunia|celebrations=Berbelanja, festival, klub/kedai|frequency=Tahunan|duration=1 hari|date=11 November|scheduling=Di hari yang sama setiap tahun|caption=Sebuah ilustrasi untuk penjualan perbelanjaan onlinedaring di liburan Hari Lajang|image=Singles' day illustration.png}}
 
[[Category:Infobox holiday fixed day (2)]]
{{Infobox Holiday|holiday_name=Hari Lajang|observedby=[[Tiongkok]]|type=Komersial|significance=Hari berbelanja terbesar di dunia|celebrations=Berbelanja, festival, klub/kedai|frequency=Tahunan|duration=1 hari|date=11 November|scheduling=Di hari yang sama setiap tahun|caption=Sebuah ilustrasi untuk penjualan perbelanjaan online di liburan Hari Lajang}}
{| class="infobox"
! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#b0c4de" |'Hari JombloLajang
|-
![[Hanzi Sederhana]]
Baris 13 ⟶ 11:
| colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |
|}
'''Hari Lajang''' ({{zh|s=光棍节|t=光棍節}}) atau '''Double 11''' ({{zh|s=双11}}), mulanya disebut '''Hari Bujang''', adalah sebuah liburan tidak resmi di China[[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]] dan musim belanja yang dirayakan oleh orang-orang yang tidak menjalin hubungan. Harinya, 11 November (11/11), dipilih karena angka 1 menyerupai tongkat telanjang ({{zh|s=光棍|p=guānggùn}}), yang mana dalam Bahasa gaul Internet ChinaTiongkok untuk lelaki yang belum menikah tidak ingin menambahkan '"ranting'" dalam [[silsilah]].
 
Awalnya, tanggal itu dirayakan sebagai tanggapan sinis terhadap festival tradisional yang berpusat pada pasangan oleh sekelompok kecil sarjana perguruan tinggi. Namun, pada tahun 2009 CEO Alibaba [[Daniel Zhang]] mulai menggunakan hari itu sebagai festival belanja 24 jam yang menawarkan diskon belanja onlinedaring dan hiburan offlineluring. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-12|title=Singles' Day posts a record haul even at the slowest pace in a decade|url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3155762/sales-growth-alibabas-singles-day-drops-amid-chinas-crackdown-big|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2021-11-17|archive-date=2022-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129005845/https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3155762/sales-growth-alibabas-singles-day-drops-amid-chinas-crackdown-big|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Huy|first=Quy|date=2019-12-11|title=For Alibaba, Singles Day Is About More Than Huge Sales|url=https://hbr.org/2019/12/for-alibaba-singles-day-is-about-more-than-huge-sales|work=Harvard Business Review|issn=0017-8012|access-date=2021-11-17|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601001709/https://hbr.org/2019/12/for-alibaba-singles-day-is-about-more-than-huge-sales|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=How Alibaba made Singles' Day the world's largest shopping festival|url=https://fortune.com/2018/11/09/alibaba-singles-day-china/|website=Fortune|language=en|access-date=2021-11-17|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202193925/https://fortune.com/2018/11/09/alibaba-singles-day-china/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Hari libur tersebut kini menjadi hari ritelretail fisik dan belanja [[Belanjabelanja daring|online]] terbesar di dunia. Saingan Alibaba, seperti [[JD.com]] menyelenggarakan festival Singles'Hari DayLajang juga, yang mengumpulkan USD AS$19,1 miliar, sehingga total volume penjualan ChinaTiongkok menjadi USD AS$44,5 miliar pada tahun 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 July 2018|title=Singles Day 2017 Breaks Record with $44.5 Billion in Sales|url=https://singlesdaybest.com/index.php/2018/07/26/singles-day-2017-breaks-record-with-44-billion-in-sales/|work=SinglesDayBest.com|language=en-US|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509175123/https://singlesdaybest.com/index.php/2018/07/26/singles-day-2017-breaks-record-with-44-billion-in-sales/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pembeli [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]] melebihi total pembelanjaan 213,5 miliar [[yuan]] ( [[Dolar Amerika Serikat|USDAS$]] $30,7 miliar) selama Hari Jomblo 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Haas|first=Benjamin|date=12 November 2017|title=Chinese shoppers spend a record $25bn in Singles Day splurge|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/12/chinese-shoppers-spend-a-record-25bn-in-singles-day-splurge|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=10 January 2018|archive-date=2019-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716053731/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/12/chinese-shoppers-spend-a-record-25bn-in-singles-day-splurge|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref name="C. Custer">{{Cite web|last=C. Custer|date=14 October 2014|title=Tmall CEO: this year, Alibaba plans to take Singles Day global|url=https://www.techinasia.com/tmall-ceo-year-alibaba-plans-singles-day-global/|website=Tech in Asia|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-date=2019-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630164334/https://www.techinasia.com/tmall-ceo-year-alibaba-plans-singles-day-global|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada tahun 2019, Alibaba mengatakan bahwa volume barang dagangan kotornya untuk seluruh acara mencapai 268,4 miliar yuan (USD AS$38,4 miliar), meningkat 26% dari tahun sebelumnya. <ref name="Reuters Alibabas Singles Day 2019" /> Pada tahun 2021, Alibaba dan JD mencapai total rekor penjualan Hari Lajang baru sebesar USD AS$139 miliar. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kharpal|first=Arjun|date=2021-11-12|title=Alibaba, JD smash Singles Day record with $139 billion of sales and focus on 'social responsibility'|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/12/china-singles-day-2021-alibaba-jd-hit-record-139-billion-of-sales.html|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=2021-11-16|archive-date=2023-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712182507/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/12/china-singles-day-2021-alibaba-jd-hit-record-139-billion-of-sales.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Asal-usul ==
Hari Lajang, atau Hari Bujang, berasal dari [[Universitas Nanjing]] pada tahun 1993. Perayaan Hari Lajang menyebar ke beberapa universitas lain di [[Nanjing]] selama tahun 1990-an. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How China's Singles' Day Holiday Sold Out|url=http://time.com/3576381/china-singles-day-history/|website=Times|access-date=10 November 2015|archive-date=2019-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422152721/http://time.com/3576381/china-singles-day-history/|dead-url=no}}</ref> 11 November (11/11), terdiri dari empat 1, dipilih karena mewakili empat singlelajang.
 
Ada beberapa ide yang menjelaskan terciptanya festival Hari Lajang. Ide yang paling banyak diterima adalah bahwa liburan tumbuh dari budaya asrama Universitas Nanjing. Satu cerita asal adalah bahwa pada tahun 1993, empat mahasiswa laki-laki asrama Mingcaowuzhu (semua laki-laki lajang) Universitas Nanjing mendiskusikan bagaimana mereka dapat melepaskan diri dari monoton menjadi lajang dan setuju bahwa 11 November akan menjadi hari acara dan perayaan untuk menghormati menjadi lajang. Kegiatan ini menyebar melalui universitas dan akhirnya membuat jalan mereka ke masyarakat yang lebih luas. Penyebarannya meningkat dengan penggunaan media sosial, dan acara tersebut menjadi semakin populer dalam budaya dan masyarakat Tiongkok kontemporer.
Baris 30 ⟶ 28:
|-
| 2021
| 349.1 <ref name="2021day">{{Cite web|date=11 November 2021|title=Alibaba, JD.com shares rise as Singles Day comes to a close|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/alibaba-jd-com-shares-rise-as-singles-day-comes-to-a-close-11636652628|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2021-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117140212/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/alibaba-jd-com-shares-rise-as-singles-day-comes-to-a-close-11636652628|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| +28,6%
|-
| 2020
| 271.5 <ref name="2020day">{{Cite web|date=12 November 2020|title=双11落幕:天猫4982亿 京东2715亿 小米也是大赢家|url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2020-11-12/doc-iiznezxs1362130.shtml|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2022-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715073536/https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2020-11-12/doc-iiznezxs1362130.shtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|
|-
|2019
| 204,4 <ref>{{Cite web|title=一文读懂双11战报:京东累计下单超2044亿 阿里销售额达2684亿_腾讯新闻|url=https://new.qq.com/omn/20191111/20191111A02LRS00.html|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2022-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625054010/https://new.qq.com/omn/20191111/20191111A02LRS00.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|
|-
|2018
| 159.8 <ref>{{Cite web|title=2018双十一全网销售总成绩:3143.2亿_京东|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/274883367_343156|website=[[Sohu]]|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2021-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120112859/https://www.sohu.com/a/274883367_343156|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|
|-
|2017
| 127.1 <ref>{{Cite web|title=【钛晨报】2017双11全网销售额达2539.7亿,手机销售额占比8.7%|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/203831797_116132|website=[[Sohu]]|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2021-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120112904/https://www.sohu.com/a/203831797_116132|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|
|}
Baris 57 ⟶ 55:
|-
| 2021
| 84.5 <ref name="Market Watch Singles Day 2021">{{Cite news|last=Emily Bary|title=Alibaba, JD.com shares rise as Singles Day comes to a close|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/alibaba-jd-com-shares-rise-as-singles-day-comes-to-a-close-11636652628|work=Market Watch|access-date=11 November 2021|archive-date=2021-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117140212/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/alibaba-jd-com-shares-rise-as-singles-day-comes-to-a-close-11636652628|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 540.3 <ref name="Market Watch Singles Day 2021" />
| +8.5%
|-
| 2020
| 75 <ref name="CNN Singles Day 2020">{{Cite news|last=Sherisse Pham|title=Singles Day: Alibaba sales blitz rakes in $75 billion as Chinese shake off Covid-19|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/10/tech/singles-day-2020-alibaba-intl-hnk/index.html|work=CNN|access-date=21 November 2020|archive-date=2023-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804135440/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/10/tech/singles-day-2020-alibaba-intl-hnk/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 498.2 <ref name="CNN Singles Day 2020" />
| +85%
|-
| 2019
| 38.4 <ref name="Reuters Alibabas Singles Day 2019">{{Cite web|date=10 November 2019|title=Alibaba's Singles' Day sales hit record $38 billion; growth slows|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-singles-day-alibaba-sales/alibabas-singles-day-sales-hit-record-38-billion-growth-slows-idUSKBN1XK0HD|website=Reuters|access-date=5 March 2020|archive-date=2022-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130043839/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-singles-day-alibaba-sales/alibabas-singles-day-sales-hit-record-38-billion-growth-slows-idUSKBN1XK0HD|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 268,4 <ref name="Reuters Alibabas Singles Day 2019" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kharpal|first=Arjun|date=11 November 2020|title=Alibaba's $56 billion Singles Day record overshadowed by 10% stock plunge as China proposes new regulation|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/11/alibaba-singles-day-2020-record-sales-overshadowed-by-stock-plunge.html|work=CNBC|language=en|access-date=21 November 2020|archive-date=2023-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508102358/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/11/alibaba-singles-day-2020-record-sales-overshadowed-by-stock-plunge.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref name="Reuters Alibabas Singles Day 2019" />
| +26% <ref name="Reuters Alibabas Singles Day 2019" />
|-
| 2018
| 31 <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=11 November 2018|title=Alibaba Sets Singles' Day Record With $31 Billion in Sales|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-11/alibaba-sets-singles-day-record-with-31-billion-in-sales|work=Bloomberg|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=2019-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831113640/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-11/alibaba-sets-singles-day-record-with-31-billion-in-sales|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 210 <ref name=":0" />
| +27%
|-
| 2017
| 25 <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=12 November 2017|title=Alibaba's Singles' Day Goes Global With Record $25 Billion in Sales|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-12/alibaba-singles-day-goes-global-with-record-25-billion-in-sales|work=Bloomberg|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021900/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-12/alibaba-singles-day-goes-global-with-record-25-billion-in-sales|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 170 <ref name=":1" />
| +39%
|-
| 2016
| 18 <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=11 November 2016|title=Alibaba posts record Singles' Day sales, but growth slows|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-singlesday/alibaba-posts-record-singles-day-sales-but-growth-slows-idUSKBN13605X|work=Reuters|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509172700/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-singlesday/alibaba-posts-record-singles-day-sales-but-growth-slows-idUSKBN13605X|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 120 <ref name=":2" />
| +32%
|-
| 2015
| 14 <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=12 November 2015|title=Alibaba's Singles' Day sales surge 60 percent to $14.3 billion|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-singles-day/alibabas-singles-day-sales-surge-60-percent-to-14-3-billion-idUSKCN0SZ34J20151112|work=Reuters|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509172658/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-singles-day/alibabas-singles-day-sales-surge-60-percent-to-14-3-billion-idUSKCN0SZ34J20151112|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 91 <ref name=":3" />
| +60%
|-
| 2014
| 9 <ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=12 November 2014|title=Alibaba reports record $9 billion Singles' Day sales|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-singles-day/alibaba-reports-record-9-billion-singles-day-sales-idUSKCN0IV0BD20141112|work=Reuters|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801041910/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-singles-day/alibaba-reports-record-9-billion-singles-day-sales-idUSKCN0IV0BD20141112|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 57 <ref name=":4" />
| +63%
|-
| 2013
| 6 
| 35 
| +83%
|-
| 2012
| 3 <ref name=":6">{{Cite news|date=12 November 2012|title=Tmall and Taobao See $3 Billion in Sales During China's 24-Hour Online Shopfest|url=https://www.techinasia.com/china-ecommerce-sales-day-2012-tmall-taobao|work=Tech in Asia|access-date=12 November 2012|archive-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509172659/https://www.techinasia.com/china-ecommerce-sales-day-2012-tmall-taobao|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 19 <ref name=":6" />
| +270%
|-
| 2011
| 0.8 <ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=9 November 2018|title=Ten years of Singles' Day, China's ridiculously huge shopping festival|url=https://qz.com/1450338/10-years-of-singles-day-in-china-the-shopping-festival-alibaba-invented/|work=Quartz|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=2019-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029120946/https://qz.com/1450338/10-years-of-singles-day-in-china-the-shopping-festival-alibaba-invented/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| 5 <ref name=":7" />
| +460%
Baris 118 ⟶ 116:
| 2009
| 0,01 <ref name=":7" />
| 0,05 <ref>{{Cite news|date=6 November 2018|title="双11"从小创意变成大节日 全球卖家从中受益|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-11/06/c_1123668131.htm|work=Xinhua|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509172659/http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-11/06/c_1123668131.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| HAI
|}
Hari Lajang berfungsi sebagai kesempatan bagi para lajang untuk bertemu dan mengadakan pesta. Liburan ini awalnya hanya dirayakan oleh para pemuda, sehingga diberi nama awal Bachelors' Day. Namun, sekarang banyak dirayakan oleh kedua jenis kelamin. Pesta kencan buta sangat populer pada hari ini, dalam upaya untuk mengubah status lajang para peserta.

Beberapa universitas menyelenggarakan program khusus untuk mengumpulkan para lajang bersama untuk perayaan itu. Para lajang mungkin mengambil sikap kesal atau mencela diri sendiri sebagai tanggapan atas tetap melajang sebagai mahasiswa, tetapi inisiatif universitas telah membantu mengekang hal negatif itu.  Meskipun tanggal ini dimaksudkan untuk merayakan kelajangan, keinginan untuk menemukan pasangan atau pasangan sering diungkapkan oleh orang-orang muda CinaTiongkok pada tanggal ini, sementara isu-isu terkait cinta lainnya dibahas oleh media CinaTiongkok.
 
=== Berbelanja ===
Acara ini bukan merupakan hari libur resmi yang diakui secara resmi di Tiongkok, <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|title=Singles' Day 2017|url=https://publicholidays.cn/singles-day/|work=Public Holidays China|access-date=30 November 2017|archive-date=2019-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020213353/https://publicholidays.cn/singles-day/|dead-url=no}}</ref> meskipun telah menjadi hari belanja [[Belanja|offlineluring]] dan [[Belanja daring|onlinedaring]] terbesar di dunia. <ref name="C. Custer" /> Penjualan di situs [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]], [[Tmall]], dan [[Taobao]], telah mencapai USAS$5,8 miliar pada 2013, USAS$9,3 miliar pada 2014, USAS$14,3 miliar pada 2015, USAS$17,8 miliar pada 2016, dan lebih dari USAS$25,4 miliar pada 2017. [[JD.com]] juga mencapai rekor penjualan sebesar USAS$19,1 miliar pada tahun 2017, sementara [[Lazada]] menghasilkan US$123 juta. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Charles Kauffman|date=14 November 2017|title=China's 11.11 volumes for Alibaba, JD.com continue to surge|url=https://aircargoworld.com/allposts/chinas-11-11-volumes-for-alibaba-jd-com-continue-to-surge/|website=aircargoworld|access-date=15 November 2017|archive-date=2019-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630152912/https://aircargoworld.com/allposts/chinas-11-11-volumes-for-alibaba-jd-com-continue-to-surge/|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Steven Millward|date=12 November 2014|title=New record for world's biggest shopping day as Alibaba's shoppers spend $9.3 billion in 24 hours|url=https://www.techinasia.com/china-alibaba-singles-day-2014-spending-total/|website=Tech in Asia|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-date=2019-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702210938/https://www.techinasia.com/china-alibaba-singles-day-2014-spending-total|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2015|title=Alibaba's Singles' Day sales hit $14.32 billion|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-singles-day-idUSKCN0SZ34J20151111|website=Reuters|access-date=11 November 2014|agency=Reuters|archive-date=2021-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122070837/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-singles-day-idUSKCN0SZ34J20151111|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Big Data Game-Changer: Alibaba's Double 11 Event Raises the Bar for Online Sales|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602850/big-data-game-changer-alibabas-double-11-event-raises-the-bar-for-online-sales/|website=MIT Technology Review|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2018-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109015950/https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602850/big-data-game-changer-alibabas-double-11-event-raises-the-bar-for-online-sales/|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Horwitz|first=Josh|title=Crazy statistics from China's biggest shopping day of the year|url=https://qz.com/1127087/singles-day-crazy-stats-from-alibabas-online-shopping-extravaganza/|work=Quartz|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2019-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701151949/https://qz.com/1127087/singles-day-crazy-stats-from-alibabas-online-shopping-extravaganza/|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Alibaba smashes Singles Day record as shopping spree hits $25b|url=https://www.techinasia.com/china-singles-day-2017-record-spending|work=www.techinasia.com|access-date=2022-05-17|archive-date=2019-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630220407/https://www.techinasia.com/china-singles-day-2017-record-spending|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[CategoryKategori:Infobox holiday fixed day (2)]]
[[Kategori:Hari raya Tionghoa]]
[[Kategori:Perayaan November]]