Perpustakaan John Rylands: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox building
|name=Perpustakaan John Rylands<br><small>''John Rylands Library''<small>
|alternate_names=Rylands Library
|status=Grade I listed
|image=Rylands Library Deansgate.jpg
|location=Deansgate, [[Manchester]], [[
|coordinates={{coord|53.480321|-2.2487|display=inline}}|start_date=1890|completion_date=1899<ref name="jrl_plan">{{cite web | url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/maps/john-rylands-map.html | title=Plan of John Rylands Library, Manchester | accessdate=29 April 2007 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E1zc6ebt?url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/maps/john-rylands-map.html | archivedate=29 January 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|opened_date=1 Januari 1900
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|main_contractor=R. and W. Morrison, Liverpool
}}
'''Perpustakaan John Rylands
Koleksi khusus yang dibangun oleh kedua perpustakaan semakin terkonsentrasi di bangunan Deansgate. Koleksi khusus ini, diyakini adalah salah satu yang terbesar di [[Britania Raya]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/academicsupport/usingspecialcollections/whatare-specialcollections/|title=What are Special Collections?|work=University of Manchester|access-date=6 January 2012|archive-date=2012-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202224047/http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/academicsupport/usingspecialcollections/whatare-specialcollections/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> meliputi [[Abad Pertengahan|abad pertengahan]] [[Naskah beriluminasi|manuskrip]] dan contoh-contoh dari percetakan dini di Eropa, termasuk [[Alkitab Gutenberg]], koleksi terbesar kedua hasil cetakan [[William Caxton]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/incunabulacollection/|title=Incunabula Collection|publisher=The University of Manchester|access-date=25 February 2012|archive-date=2012-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601041933/http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/incunabulacollection/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan koleksi paling luas dari edisi Aldine Press Venesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/aldinecollection/|title=Aldine Press|publisher=The University of Manchester|access-date=25 February 2012|archive-date=2012-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517035123/http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/aldinecollection/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52]] memiliki klaim untuk menjadi teks [[Perjanjian Baru]] paling tua yang terlestarikan. Perpustakaan menyimpan surat-surat pribadi dan surat-surat dari para tokoh, di antaranya Elizabeth Gaskell<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-13|title=Council approves £7.6m John Rylands library renovation|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-68285037|language=en-GB|access-date=2024-05-20}}</ref> dan [[John Dalton]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-23|title=The Magnificence of The John Rylands Library in Manchester - Manchester Magazine - Positive Local News for Manchester|url=https://manchestermagazine.co.uk/__trashed/|language=en-US|access-date=2024-05-20}}</ref>
Gaya arsitektur gedung ini terutama neo-Gothik<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our history (The University of Manchester Library)|url=https://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/rylands/about/our-history/|website=www.library.manchester.ac.uk|access-date=2024-05-20}}</ref> dengan unsur-unsur [[Gerakan seni dan kriya|Seni dan Kerajinan Gerakan]] dalam hiasan dan memaksakan gatehouse menghadapi Deansgate yang mendominasi pemandangan sekitarnya. Perpustakaan, diberikan status terdaftar Grade I pada tahun 1994, yang dikelola oleh University of Manchester dan terbuka untuk pembaca dan pengunjung perpustakaan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=Uncovering the history of Manchester’s John Rylands Library {{!}} Visit Manchester|url=https://www.visitmanchester.com/ideas-and-inspiration/blog/post/uncovering-the-history-of-manchesters-john-rylands-library/|website=www.visitmanchester.com|language=en-us|access-date=2024-05-20}}</ref>
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==History==
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The library's collections include exquisite medieval illuminated manuscripts, examples of early European printing including a fine paper copy of the [[Gutenberg Bible]] and books printed by [[William Caxton]], and personal papers of distinguished historical figures including Elizabeth Gaskell, John Dalton and [[John Wesley]].<ref name="special_collection" /> Nothing is known of the early history of this copy of the Gutenberg Bible before it was acquired by the 2nd Earl Spencer.<ref>There are 48 complete or nearly complete extant copies of the Gutenberg Bible of which a few are on vellum. [http://www.bl.uk/treasures/gutenberg/copieselse.html Gutenberg in the British Library at bl.uk]</ref><ref>The copy has some illuminated initial letters and the leaves are uncut (without trimming of the margins); MS. notes to guide the illuminator are near the top edges of the pages. The two folio volumes were rebound in blue morocco for Lord Spencer.</ref>
The library houses [[papyrus]] fragments known as the [[Rylands Papyri]] and documents from [[North Africa]]. The most notable are the ''St John Fragment'', believed to be the oldest extant [[New Testament]] text, [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52]], the earliest fragment of the text of the canonical Gospel of John;<ref name="papyrus">{{cite web|url=http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data1/dg/text/fragment.htm |archive-url=https://archive.
In addition to the collections of Spencer, Crawford, Christie and [[Walter Bullock|Bullock]],<ref>{{cite web|title= Bullock Collection, The University of Manchester, The John Rylands University Library|url= http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/bullockcollection/|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120504171342/http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/bullockcollection/|archivedate= 4 May 2012|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Bullock Collection, The John Rylands Library|url= http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/deansgate/ourhistory/thecollections/|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110720193342/http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/deansgate/ourhistory/thecollections/|archivedate= 20 July 2011|df= dmy-all}}</ref> holdings have been enriched by gifts, permanent loans or purchases of several libraries belonging to institutions and individuals. These include the French Revolution Broadsides donated by the 27th Earl of Crawford in 1924<ref>"The 'Bibliotheca Lindesiana'", in: ''The Bulletin of the John Rylands Library''; vol. 30, no. 1, 1946p. 11</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/frenchrevolutioncollection/ |title=French Revolution Collection|publisher=University of Manchester (The)|accessdate=29 February 2012}}</ref> and the archives of the [[Methodist Church of Great Britain]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/methodist/ |title=Methodist Collections |publisher=University of Manchester (The)|accessdate=29 February 2012}}</ref> Between 1946 and 1988 a number of sections of the Earl of Crawford's library were deposited here,<ref>Guppy, Henry (1946) "The 'Bibliotheca Lindesiana'", in: ''Bulletin of the John Rylands Library''; vol. 30, pp. 185–94</ref> however all but one of these were withdrawn in 1988.
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* McNiven, Peter (2000) "The John Rylands Library, 1972–2000" in: ''Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester'' LXXXII,2-3 (summer & autumn 2000); pp. 3–79
* McNiven, Peter (2000) "An Illustrated Catalogue of 'A Scholars' Paradise: a Centenary Exhibition of Notable Books and Manuscripts' " in: ''Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester'' LXXXII,2-3 (summer & autumn 2000); pp. 85–254
* {{Cite book |first=John J. |last=Parkinson-Bailey |title=Manchester: an architectural history |url=https://archive.org/details/manchesterarchit0000park |publisher=Manchester University Press |place=Manchester |year=2000 |isbn=0-7190-5606-3 |ref=harv}}
* Sotheby's (1988) ''Books from the John Rylands University Library of Manchester: day of sale 14 April 1988''. London: Sotheby's (98 works were offered for sale, of which a few remained unsold; all the books were rare duplicate copies; the funds raised were used to establish the John Rylands Research Institute in 1989)
* Taylor, Frank (1989) "The John Rylands Library, 1936–72" in: ''Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester'' LXXI,2 (summer 1989); pp. 39–66
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