Pertempuran Talas: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Military Conflict
|partof = [[Penaklukan Transoxiana oleh Muslim]]
|conflict = Pertempuran Talas
|caption=▼
|
▲|caption =
|date = Mei-September 751
|place = [[
|result = Kemenangan [[Bani Abbasiyah]]
|combatant1= {{flagicon image|Abbasid banner.svg}} [[
*[[Karluks|Karluk]] tentara bayaran{{efn|name=karluks|Membelot ke pihak Abbasiyah selama pertempuran.}}
|combatant2=[[Dinasti Tang]] ▼
[[Kekaisaran Tibet]]
|commander1='''Ziyad ibn Salih'''<ref name=list>Bai, pp. 224–25.</ref><ref name=china>Bartold, pp. 180–96.</ref>▼
|commander2= [[Gao Xianzhi]]<br>[[Li Siye]]<br>[[Duan Xiushi]]<ref name=list/>▼
* [[Karluks]] tentara bayaran{{efn|name=karluks}}
|commander1= {{flagicon image|Abbasid banner.svg}} [[Saffah|Al-Saffah]]<br>{{flagicon image|Abbasid banner.svg}} [[Abu Muslim]]<br>{{flagicon image|Abbasid banner.svg}} {{ill|Ziyad ibn Salih|ar|زياد بن صالح الحارثي}}<ref name=list>{{citation | last = Bai |first = Shouyi| author-link=Bai Shouyi|author-mask=Bai Shouyi (白寿彝)|year = 2003 |language=zh|script-title = zh:中囯回回民族史|trans-title=A History of Chinese Muslims |volume =2|place = Beijing |publisher = [[Zhonghua Book Company]] |isbn = 7-101-02890-X| pages = 224–225}}</ref>
* [[Abu Muslim Al Khurasany]]
'''Pertempuran Talas'''(怛羅斯會戰) pada tahun 751 adalah konflik antara [[Bani Abbasiyah]] [[Arab]] dengan [[Dinasti Tang]] [[Cina]] yang memperebutkan kekuasaan [[Syr Darya]]. Pada Juli 751, Bani Abbasiyah memulai serangan besar-besaran terhadap Cina di sungai Talas; 200.000 tentara Muslim melawan 10.000 tentara Tang dan 20.000 tentara bayaran Karluk. Pertempuran ini berakhir dengan kemenangan Bani Abbasiyah.▼
▲
|strength1 = 30.000 Regular Abbasiyah, 20.000 Karluk Turki (setelah berpindah pihak)<ref>Hugh Kennedy (17 June 2013). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. [[Routledge]]. pp. 96–99. ISBN 978-1-134-53113-4.</ref>
|strength2 = 10.000 Regular Tang, 20.000 Karluk Turki (sebelum berpindah pihak) <ref name= WWB>{{citation | last = Barthold |first = William| year = 2003 |title =Turkestan down to the Mongol invasion |place = London |publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | page = 196}}</ref>
| casualties1 = Tidak diketahui
| casualties2 = Tidak diketahui
| campaignbox = {{Kampanye Penaklukan Muslim atas Transoxiana}}
}}
▲'''Pertempuran Talas''' (怛羅斯會戰) pada tahun 751 adalah konflik perbatasan antara [[Bani Abbasiyah]] [[Bangsa Arab|Arab]] dengan [[Dinasti Tang]] [[Cina]] yang memperebutkan kekuasaan di [[Syr Darya]]. Pada Juli 751, Bani Abbasiyah memulai serangan besar-besaran terhadap Cina di sungai Talas;
Faktor utama kekalahan tentara Tang pada pertempuran ini adalah berkhianatnya tentara bayaran Karluk dan pihak Ferghana yang mundur dari pertempuran serta melepaskan aliansi dengan dinasti Tang. Kedua bangsa ini memang pada dasarnya tidak suka dengan dinasti Tang yang menjajah mereka, tetapi karena kalah kuat mereka terpaksa bergabung dengan tentara Tang. Invasi Arab ke [[Syr Darya]] ini dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh kedua bangsa ini untuk mengusir tentara Tang dari tanah air mereka.
==Referensi==▼
Akibat diserang dari arah depan oleh Arab dan dari sisi Samping oleh tentara Karluk, akhirnya tentara Tang tak dapat lagi menahan posisi mereka dan memutuskan untuk mundur atas komando Gao Xianzhi dengan bantuan Li Siye untuk menghindari kerugian lebih besar.
Walaupun tentara Tang mengalami kekalahan besar tetapi tentara Tang berhasil mengakibatkan kerugian maksimal pada tentara Arab karena komandan Li Siye yang bermaksud meninggalkan sisa tentaranya dan menyelamatkan diri dicela oleh Duan Xiushi, sebagai seorang perwira, harga diri Li Siye tercabik dan ia merasa amat malu maka Li Siye pun bangkit memimpin sisa tentara Tang dan melawan tentara Arab yang mengejar dalam penarikan mundur mereka.
== Akibat dan Pengaruh Pertempuran Talas ==
Segera setelah pertempuran Talas, dinasti Tang mulai kehilangan pengaruhnya di [[Asia Tengah]], keadaan dalam negeri dinasti Tang yang buruk dan munculnya banyak Pemberontakan membuat [[Dinasti Tang]] melemah pengaruhnya dan mulai kehilangan kekuatan serta kekuasaan. Akibatnya seluruh pengiriman upeti bangsa Asia Tengah kepada [[Dinasti Tang]] dialihkan pengirimannya kepada [[bangsa Arab]], [[Tibet]], dan [[Uighur]]. Kiblat budaya [[Asia Tengah]] yang awalnya berkiblat pada budaya [[orientalis]] pun berubah pada [[budaya Arab]]. Agama [[Islam]] mulai masuk dan menyebar segera setelah pertempuran selesai kepada bangsa-bangsa [[Asia Tengah]] khususnya [[Turki]] dan memberikan pengaruh yang kuat di budaya [[Asia Tengah]], sampai saat ini agama [[Islam]] dianut oleh sebagian besar masyarangkat [[Asia Tengah]]. Dengan dukungan [[Bani Abbasiyah]] bangsa Karluk mendirikan sebuah negara bebas yang pada akhir abad ke 9 bergabung dengan [[Kekhanan Kara-Khanid]].
== Kutipan ==
{{reflist}}
*[[Vasily Bartold|Bartold, W]] [1928] (1992). ''(Western) Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion''. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 81-215-0544-3.▼
▲== Referensi ==
* {{cite | last = Bai |first = Shouyi|display-authors=et al|authorlink = Bai Shouyi| year = 2003 |title = 中囯回回民族史 (A History of Chinese Muslims |volume =2|place = Beijing |publisher = Zhonghua Book Company |isbn = 7-101-02890-X| ref = none}}
*[[Xue Zongzheng|Xue, Zongzheng]] (1998). ''Anxi and Beiting Protectorates: A Research on Frontier Policy in Tang Dynasty's Western Boundary''. Harbin: Heilongjiang Education Press. ISBN 7-5316-2857-0.▼
▲* [[Vasily Bartold|Bartold, W]] [1928] (1992). ''(Western) Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion''. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
* [[Christopher I. Beckwith|Beckwith, Christopher I.]] (2009): ''Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-13589-2}}.
* {{cite journal |last=Biran |first=Michal |date=October 2012 |title=Kitan Migrations in Eurasia (10th–14th Centuries) |url=http://cces.snu.ac.kr/article/jces3_4biran.pdf |journal=Journal of Central Eurasian Studies |publisher=Center for Central Eurasian Studies |volume=3 |pages=85–108 |accessdate=3 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414060414/http://cces.snu.ac.kr/article/jces3_4biran.pdf |archivedate=14 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5V0HJIiQPboC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Chinese Machiavelli: 3000 years of Chinese statecraft |first1=Dennis |last1=Bloodworth |first2=Ching Ping |last2=Bloodworth |year=2004 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |location=|page=|isbn=0-7658-0568-5|accessdate=3 May 2014}}
* {{cite book |last1= Bulliet |first1= Richard |last2= Crossley |first2= Pamela | last3= Headrick |first3= Daniel |last4=Hirsch |first4=Steven |last5=Johnson |first5= Lyman | year= 2010 |title= The Earth and Its Peoples |trans-title=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvsVSqhw-FAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |deadurl= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= Cengage Learning |edition=5 |isbn=0538744383 |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=3 May 2014 |via= |subscription= |quote= }}
* {{cite book |last1= Bulliet |first1= Richard |year= 2010 |title= The Earth and Its Peoples, A Global History, AP Edition, 5th ed. |trans-title= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AguuAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |deadurl= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= Cengage Learning |edition= |isbn= 1285288572 |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 3 May 2014 |via= |subscription= |quote= }}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book |last= Chaliand |first= Gérard | year= 2004 |title= Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube |trans-title=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ahBEjHRnBcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |deadurl= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= Transaction Publishers |edition= |isbn=141282978X |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=3 May 2014 |via= |subscription= |quote= }}
* {{cite book|title=The Oxford History of Islam|editor-first=John L.|editor-last=Esposito|volume=|edition=illustrated|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=imw_KFD5bsQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0195107993|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drPQaUGOJQIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Confucianism and its rivals|author=Herbert Allen Giles|accessdate=14 December 2011 |edition=|series= |volume= |date= |year=1926 |month= |publisher=Forgotten Books |location= |language= |isbn=1-60680-248-8|page=139 |quote=In7= 789 the Khalifa Harun al Raschid dispatched a mission to China, and there had been one or two less important missions in the seventh and eighth centuries; but from 879, the date of the Canton massacre, for more than three centuries to follow, we hear nothing of the Mahometans and their religion. They were not mentioned in the edict of 845, which proved such a blow to Buddhism and Nestorian Christianityl perhaps because they were less obtrusive in the propagation of their religion, a policy aided by the absence of anything like a commercial spirit in religious matters.}}
* {{cite book|title=Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History|first=Ira M.|last=Lapidus|volume=|edition=illustrated|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qcPZ1k65pqkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=052151441X|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book|first = Mark Edward |last = Lewis|title=China's Cosmopolitan Empire: The Tang Dynasty|url = https://archive.org/details/chinascosmopolit0000lewi |year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05419-6|ref = harv}}
* {{cite book|title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey|editor1-first=Raymond|editor1-last=Lifchez|editor2-first=Ayla Esen|editor2-last=Algar|others=|volume=Volume 10 of Comparative studies on Muslim societies|year=1992|edition=illustrated|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0520070607|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=1 April 2013| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
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* {{cite book|title=Tumen Jalafun Jecen Aku: Manchu Studies in Honour of Giovanni Stary|editor1-first=Alessandra|editor1-last=Pozzi|editor2-first=Juha Antero|editor2-last=Janhunen|editor3-first=Michael|editor3-last=Weiers|others=Contributor Giovanni Stary|volume=Volume 20 of Tunguso Sibirica|year=2006|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=344705378X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=1 April 2013| ref = {{harvid|Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|2006}} }}
* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1|editor-first=Denis|editor-last=Sinor|volume=|edition=illustrated, reprint|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6TRNuWmHsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0521243041|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book|title=A History of Inner Asia|editor-first=Svat|editor-last=Soucek|volume=|edition=illustrated, reprint|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7E8gYYcHuk8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0521657040|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book|title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland|editor-first=S. Frederick|editor-last=Starr|volume=|edition=illustrated|year=2004|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0765613182|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book|title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11th–13th Centuries|first=André|last=Wink|volume=Volume 2 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World|edition=illustrated|year=1997|publisher=BRILL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75FlxDhZWpwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=9004102361|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
* {{cite book|title=Al-Hind: The Slave Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th–13th centuries|first=André|last=Wink|volume=Volume 2 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World|edition=illustrated, reprint|year=2002|publisher=BRILL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQ7k2vQlYxEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0391041746|accessdate=10 March 2014| ref = {{harvid||}} }}
▲* [[Xue Zongzheng|Xue, Zongzheng]] (1998). ''Anxi and Beiting Protectorates: A Research on Frontier Policy in Tang Dynasty's Western Boundary''. Harbin: Heilongjiang Education Press. {{ISBN
{{Topik dinasti Tang}}
{{sejarah-stub}}
[[Kategori:Sejarah Kirgizstan]]▼
▲[[Kategori:Sejarah Kirgizstan]]
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