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Baris 1: '''[[Daerah]] [[ibu kota]]''' (atau Wilayah atau ~~Teritorial~~Teritori ibu kota) atau '''[[distrik]] ibu kota''' merupakan [[pembagian administratif]] khusus untuk pusat pemerintahan suatu [[negara]]. Untuk [[negara federasi]], ibu kotanya dapat berupa suatu [[distrik federal]].<!-- A distinction should be made from administrative divisions which include national capitals, but have no special designated status legally (for example, [[Île-de-France (region)\|Île de France]] has no distinct quality from other regions of [[France]]). Some federal countries (like [[Belgium]]), give their national capitals the status as full, equal federal units. Some federal countries have made no distinction administratively for the territory around the capital. A few federal countries have their national capitals located in the capital city of a federal state: [[Sarajevo]], the capital of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], is also the capital of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], one of two federal units; and [[Berne]], the capital of [[Switzerland]], is the capital of the [[Canton of Berne]]. ▼ <!-- A distinction should be made from administrative divisions which include national capitals, but have no special designated status legally (for example, [[Île-de-France (region)\|Île de France]] has no distinct quality from other regions of [[France]]). Some federal countries (like [[Belgium]]), give their national capitals the status as full, equal federal units. ▲Some federal countries have made no distinction administratively for the territory around the capital. A few federal countries have their national capitals located in the capital city of a federal state: [[Sarajevo]], the capital of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], is also the capital of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], one of two federal units; and [[Berne]], the capital of [[Switzerland]], is the capital of the [[Canton of Berne]]. Two national capitals are neither federal units, special capital districts, nor capitals of federal units: [[Ottawa]], the capital of [[Canada]], and [[Palikir]], the capital of the [[Federated States of Micronesia]]. The Canadian government does designate the Ottawa area as the [[National Capital Region (Canada)\|National Capital Region]], although this term merely represents the jurisdictional area of the government agency that administers federally-owned lands and buildings, and is not an actual administrative region. --> Berikut adalah daftar daerah/distrik ibu kota di dunia. == Argentina == ''Ciudad autónoma de [[Buenos Aires]]'' merupakan nama resmi ibu kota [[Argentina]]. <!-- It is coterminous with the Argentine Federal District. In 1996, under the [[1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution]], the city gained autonomous status, and held its first mayoral elections. Buenos Aires is represented in the [[Argentine Senate]] by three senators and in the [[Argentine Chamber of Deputies]] by 25 national deputies. --> == Australia == [[Teritorial Ibu Kota Australia]] (''Australian Capital Territory'' - ACT) adalah satu dari dua daerah yang memiliki pemerintahan sendiri. Tujuan dibuatnya daerah ini adalah untuk menaungi [[Canberra]], ibu kota [[Australia]]. <!-- Created in 1911, the ACT was originally called the Federal Capital Territory, the current name being acquired in 1938. The ACT was constituted specifically to house the seat of government, the goal being to avoid situating the new nation's capital [[Canberra]] in either [[New South Wales]] or [[Victoria (Australia)\|Victoria]], the two most populous states. Although the ACT has its own [[Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory\|Chief Minister]] and its own legislature (the [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]]), the [[Parliament of Australia\|Federal Parliament]] retains the right to overrule ACT legislation. While governing the entire ACT, the Legislative Assembly also acts as a municipal government for the city of Canberra. The [[Governor-General of Australia]] exercises certain rights that in the states would be exercised by a state governor, such as the power to issue writs for elections. Baris 20 ⟶ 18: == Brasil == [[Brasília]], ibu kota [[~~Brazil~~Brasil]], berada di [[Distrik Federal Brasil]] (''Distrito Federal''). Brasília merupakan sebuah [[kota terencana]], yaitu tanpa memiliki status lain sebelum pendiriannya.<!-- The Federal District is an anomalous unit of the federation, as it is not organized the same manner as a municipality, does not possess the same autonomy as a state (but is ranked among them) and is closely related to the central power. The District Governor is elected directly for a 4-year term. Local laws are issued by a legislative assembly also elected by the local population. Judiciary affairs are carried out by the Union, instead of being appointed by the governor as in the other [[states of Brazil]]. The district has the status of a federal state in many aspects. It has representatives both in the Lower House of Congress ([[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil\|Câmara dos Deputados]]) and in the national [[Senate of Brazil\|Senate]]. mbhvjj.,n The Brazilian federal government was transferred to the Distrito Federal in [[April 21]] [[1960]], which was then split off from the state of [[Goiás]]. Before the transfer, the Brazilian capital was the municipality of [[Rio de Janeiro]]. After the transfer, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro became the [[Guanabara State\|Estado da Guanabara]] (State of Guanabara), which existed from 1960 until 1975 when the State of Guanabara was merged into the State of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)\|Rio de Janeiro]]. --> == Kolombia == [[Distrik Ibu Kota Bogotá]] (''Santa Fé de Bogotá'') di [[Kolombia]] menaungi kota [[Bogotá]] yang pada awalnya dibuat sebagai Distrik Istimewa pada 1955 oleh [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]]. <!-- It was renamed "Capital District" in the [[Colombian Constitution of 1991]]. The district is subdivided into 20 localities. --> == Republik Dominika == [[Distrik Nasional Santo Domingo]] (''Distrito Nacional'') di [[Republik Dominika]] menaungi kota [[Santo Domingo\|Santo Domingo de Guzman]] yang pada awalnya dibuat sebagai Distrik Istimewa pada 1922. <!-- In 1844 it was the [[Santo Domingo Province]] and then the constitution of the [[Dominican Republic]] decided that the country needed the capital to be in a special district. --> == India == Baris 42 ⟶ 40: == Indonesia == Di [[Indonesia]], ibu kota nasional [[Jakarta]] berada di ''[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta]]''. Jakarta dianggap sebagai sebuah provinsi Indonesia, sehingga Jakarta dikepalai oleh seorang gubernur, bukan ~~walikota~~wali kota. == Irak == Baris 48 ⟶ 46: == Malaysia == Di [[Malaysia]], ibu kota [[Kuala Lumpur]] berada di [[Daerah Federal Kuala Lumpur]] (sejak 1974) sementara ibu kota administratif berada di [[Putrajaya]], ~~40km~~40 km selatan KL, dan berada di [[Daerah Federal Putrajaya]] (sejak 2001). Kedua daerah federal tersebut dalam [[enklav]] (dikelilingi oleh) Negara Bagian [[Selangor]]. == Mali == Baris 54 ⟶ 52: == Meksiko == [[Distrik Federal Meksiko]] atau ''Distrito Federal'' sejak 1824 menaungi [[Kota Meksiko]]. <!-- The D.F. is a federal district serving as the [[capital]] of [[Mexico]] and which is administered by the Mexican Federal Government. The D.F. encompasses the historical center of Mexico City, but is much larger than the historical municipality of Mexico City abolished in 1928. The urbanized area of Mexico City covers only the north of the D.F., while the south of the D.F. is made up of rural areas and mountains. Although the D.F. is not a municipality, the name "Ciudad de México" is used by Mexican authorities as a [[synonym]] for the Distrito Federal (Federal District). Mexico City as a municipality was abolished in 1928, and the name "Mexico City" can now refer to two things. According to the [[Constitution of Mexico]], Mexico City is the [[Federal District]], ''([[Mexican Federal District\|Distrito Federal]])''. This is actually a fairly recent reform (dating from 1993) of Article 44 of the Constitution, and it was aimed at ending two centuries of quite sterile discussions (and occasional problems on [[jurisdiction]]) about whether one concept engulfed the other or even if one of the two entities really had any legal existence in lieu of the other. The complete text of the aforementioned reform also states that Mexico City is the seat of the Powers of the Union (Executive, Legislative and Judicial) and capital of the United Mexican States. --> Baris 68 ⟶ 66: == Pakistan == Ibu kota [[Pakistan]], [[Islamabad]], merupakan sebuah [[kota terencana]] di [[Daerah Ibu Kota Islamabad]], yang dibangun pada 1960 di provinsi [[Punjab (Pakistan)\|Punjab]]. <!-- The Territory elects representatives to both houses of the legislature. Before Islamabad was made the capital, [[Karachi]] was located in the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)\|Federal Capital Territory]], which later reverted to the [[Sindh]] Province. --> == Papua Nugini == [[Port Moresby]], ibu kota [[Papua Nugini]], berada di [[Distrik Ibu Kota Nasional (Papua Nugini)\|Distrik Ibu Kota Nasional Papua Nugini]] sejak [[1975]]. == Korea Selatan == Ibu kota [[Korea Selatan]], [[Seoul]], meskipun terletak di [[Gyeonggi-do\|Provinsi Kyŏnggi]], ~~namun~~tetapi dianggap sebagai kota istimewa (''Teukbyeolsi''/''T'ŭkpyŏlshi'' 특별시). [[~~Walikota~~Wali kota Seoul]] sekarang dianggap setara dengan seorang gubernur provinsi. == Amerika Serikat == Pusat pemerintahan [[Amerika Serikat]] berada di [[Washington, D.C.\|Distrik Columbia]]. Kota Washington dibangun di tengah-tengan Distrik tersebut, ~~namun~~tetapi Distrik tersebut juga memiliki kota-kota lain, seperti [[Georgetown, Washington, D.C.\|Georgetown]] dan [[Alexandria, VA\|Alexandria]]. Kongres AS pada tahun 1846 kemudian mengembalikan Alexandria ke negara bagian [[Virginia]]. Sebuah Undang-Undang kemudian menghilangkan batas kota Washington dan Georgetown sehingga pada akhirnya kota Washington tidak lagi ada; namun, nama kota tersebut tetap digunakan dan kotanya ~~seringkali~~sering kali disebut sebagai Washington, D.C. <!-- As provided by the [[Article One of the United States Constitution\|Article 1, Section 8]] of the [[United States Constitution]], the [[seat of government\|seat]] of the [[United States]] government is a federal district known as the [[Washington, D.C.\|District of Columbia]]. When created in 1790, the District comprised {{convert\|100\|sqmi\|km2}} of land donated by the states of [[Maryland]] and [[Virginia]]. [[Columbia (name)\|Columbia]] was a poetic name for the United States used at the time. Baris 85 ⟶ 83: Since the [[District of Columbia Home Rule Act\|Home Rule Act of 1973]], the District of Columbia has been run by an elected [[List of mayors of Washington, D.C.\|mayor]] and [[Council of the District of Columbia\|city council]]. Congress retains ultimate authority over the District and has the right to review the local budget and taxes, overturn laws passed by the city council, and terminate [[home rule]]. District residents pay federal [[Taxation in the United States\|taxes]] and are represented by a single, [[Delegate (United States Congress)\|non-voting member]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]]. --> love.palestine.123456.h.e.c.k.er == Venezuela == [[Distrik Ibu Kota Venezuela]] / [[Distrik Metropolitan Caracas]] sejak 2000. == Lihat pula == * [[Federal territory]] * [[Federal district]] * [[Capital region]] {{Macam pembagian negara}} Baris 98 ⟶ 97: [[Kategori:Ibu kota]] [[Kategori:Pembagian administratif]] ~~[[de:Hauptstadtdistrikt]]~~ ~~[[en:Capital districts and territories]]~~ ~~[[pt:Distrito Capital e territórios]]~~