Kairo: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Kairo''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|aɪ|r|oʊ}}atau '''Kahirah''' {{respell|KY|roh}}; ({{lang-ar|القاهرة|al-Qāhirah}}, {{IPA-arz|ælqɑ(ː)ˈheɾɑ|pron}}) adalah ibu kota Mesir dan kota terbesar di [[dunia Arab]]. Wilayah metropolitan Kairo Raya, dengan populasi 21,3 juta,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs) |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/cairo-population |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=worldpopulationreview.com |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718150157/https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/cairo-population |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo, Egypt Metro Area Population 1950-2021 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22812/cairo/population |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514065029/https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22812/cairo/population |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo, Egypt Population (2021) - Population Stat |url=https://populationstat.com/egypt/cairo |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=populationstat.com |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112417/https://populationstat.com/egypt/cairo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo - "Al-Qahira"- is Egypt's capital and the largest city in the Middle East and Africa. |url=https://www.prlog.org/10332580-cairo-alqahira-is-egypts-capital-and-the-largest-city-in-the-middle-east-and-africa.html |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=prlog.org |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021163422/https://www.prlog.org/10332580-cairo-alqahira-is-egypts-capital-and-the-largest-city-in-the-middle-east-and-africa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> adalah aglomerasi perkotaan terbesar di Afrika, terbesar di dunia Arab dan Timur Tengah, dan terbesar keenam di dunia berdasarkan populasi. Kairo dikaitkan dengan Mesir kuno, karena kompleks piramida Giza dan kota-kota kuno Memphis dan Heliopolis terletak di wilayah geografisnya. Terletak di dekat Delta Nil,<ref>{{cite web|author=Santa Maria Tours|date=4 September 2009|title=Cairo – "Al-Qahira" – is Egypt's capital and the largest city in the Middle East and Africa.|url=http://www.prlog.org/10332580-cairo-alqahira-is-egypts-capital-and-the-largest-city-in-the-middle-east-and-africa.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130033634/http://www.prlog.org/10332580-cairo-alqahira-is-egypts-capital-and-the-largest-city-in-the-middle-east-and-africa.html|archive-date=30 November 2011|access-date=10 December 2011|publisher=PRLog}}</ref><ref name="forbes12">{{cite magazine|date=21 December 2006|title=World's Densest Cities|url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/12/20/worlds-most-congested-cities-biz-energy-cx_rm_1221congested_slide.html|url-status=live|magazine=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806143348/http://www.forbes.com/2006/12/20/worlds-most-congested-cities-biz-energy-cx_rm_1221congested_slide.html|archive-date=6 August 2010|access-date=6 March 2010}}</ref> kota ini pertama kali dikembangkan sebagai Fustat, sebuah pemukiman yang didirikan setelah penaklukan Muslim atas Mesir pada tahun 640 di sebelah benteng Romawi kuno yang ada, Babel. Di bawah dinasti Fatimiyah sebuah kota baru, "al-Qāhirah", didirikan di dekatnya pada tahun 969. Kemudian menggantikan Fustat sebagai pusat kota utama selama periode Ayyubiyah dan Mamluk (abad ke-12-16).{{Sfn|Raymond|1993|p=83-85}} Kairo telah lama menjadi pusat kehidupan politik dan budaya di kawasan itu, dan diberi judul "kota seribu menara" karena arsitektur Islamnya yang dominan. Pusat bersejarah Kairo dianugerahi status Situs Warisan Dunia pada tahun 1979.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/89 |title=Historic Cairo |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date=7 September 2021 |archive-date=5 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605171630/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/89 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kairo dianggap sebagai Kota Dunia dengan klasifikasi "Beta +" menurut GaWC.<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2016 |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2016t.html |website=Globalization and World Cities Research Network |publisher=Loughborough University |access-date=26 May 2017 |date=24 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010004859/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |archive-date=10 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Saat ini, Kairo memiliki industri film dan musik tertua dan terbesar di Dunia Arab, serta institusi pendidikan tinggi tertua kedua di dunia, Universitas Al-Azhar. Banyak media, bisnis, dan organisasi internasional memiliki kantor pusat regional di kota; [[Liga Arab]] memiliki markas besar di Kairo untuk sebagian besar keberadaannya.

Dengan populasi lebih dari 10 juta<ref name="CAPMAS - Egypt in Figures 2017">{{Citation |url=http://gate.ahram.org.eg/Media/News/2018/3/3/2018-636557110056326955-632.pdf |publisher=Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics |title=Egypt In Figures 2017, Governorate level, Population distribution by sex |format=xls |access-date=9 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124144207/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/ows-img2/xls/rep1ne.xls |archive-date=24 January 2009}}. Adjusted census result, as Helwan governorate was created on 17 April 2008 from a.o. {{Clarify|date=October 2012}} parts of the Cairo governorate.</ref> tersebar {{cvt|453|km2|sqmi}}, Kairo sejauh ini merupakan kota terbesar di Mesir. Tambahan 9,5 juta penduduk tinggal di dekat kota. Kairo, seperti banyak kota besar lainnya, menderita polusi dan lalu lintas tingkat tinggi. Metro Kairo, dibuka pada tahun 1987, adalah sistem metro tertua di Afrika,<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/section/337/345?lang=en-us|title=Transport and Communications}}</ref> dan berada di antara lima belas tersibuk di dunia,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meed.com/supplements/2012/tunnelling/cairos-third-metro-line-beats-challenges/3134558.article |title=Cairo's third metro line beats challenges |access-date=29 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703180753/https://www.meed.com/supplements/2012/tunnelling/cairos-third-metro-line-beats-challenges/3134558.article |archive-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> withdengan overlebih dari 1 billionmiliar<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cairometro.gov.eg/uipages/Statistics.aspx |title=Cairo Metro Statistics |access-date=4 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323180531/http://cairometro.gov.eg/uipages/Statistics.aspx |archive-date=23 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> perjalanan penumpang tahunan. Perekonomian Kairo menduduki peringkat pertama di Timur Tengah pada tahun 2005,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html |title=The 150 Richest Cities in the World by GDP in 2005 |access-date=11 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html |archive-date=18 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> dan ke-43 secara global pada Indeks Kota Global 2010 ''Foreign Policy''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |title=The 2010 Global Cities Index |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202071827/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |archive-date=2 December 2014}}</ref>

Karena pergerakan Sungai Nil, bagian kota yang lebih baru—Garden City, Pusat Kota Cairo, dan Zamalek—terletak paling dekat dengan tepi sungai.<ref name="riverbank">{{cite web

| accessdate = 14 July 2012