Calakmul: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Calakmul Structure 13.jpg|jmpl|ka|Prasasti 88 di yang berdiri di atas anak tangga Struktur 13 di Calakmul]]
'''Calakmul''' (juga dieja '''Kalakmul''') adalah sebuah situs arkeologi [[peradaban Maya|Maya]] yang terletak di negara bagian [[Campeche]] di [[Meksiko]]. Situs ini terletak di hutan yang lebat di wilayah [[Cekungan Petén]]. Calakmul terletak sejauh 35
Calakmul merupakan salah satu kota Maya terbesar dan terkuat di wilayah dataran rendah Maya. Calakmul merupakan ibu kota sebuah negara yang dijuluki "Kerajaan Ular". Kerajaan Ular berkuasa pada [[kronologi Mesoamerika|zaman Klasik]]. Negara ini memiliki wilayah yang luas, yang ditandai dengan glif lambang kepala ular yang dibaca "Kaan". Calakmul sendiri diperkirakan memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 50.000 jiwa dan memerintah wilayah yang terletak hingga sejauh 150
Pada zaman Klasik, Calakmul merupakan musuh bebuyutan kota [[Tikal]] di selatan, dan perseteruan di antara keduanya telah digambarkan sebagai persaingan di antara dua adidaya Maya.
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:{{cite book |author=Looper, Matthew G. |year=2003 |title=Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua |url=https://archive.org/details/lightningwarrior0000loop |series=Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies |location=Austin |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |isbn=0-292-70556-5|oclc=52208614}}
:{{citation|author=Martin, Simon |authorlink=Simon Martin (Mayanist) |title=Recently Uncovered Murals and Facades at Calakmul |work=The Maya Mural Symposium | date=October 2005 }}
:{{cite book|author=Martin, Simon |authorlink=Simon Martin (Mayanist)|author2=Nikolai Grube|author2-link=Nikolai Grube |year=2000 |title=Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=0-500-05103-8 |oclc=47358325}}
:{{cite book |author=Miller, Mary Ellen |authorlink=Mary Miller (art historian) |year=1999 |title=Maya Art and Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/mayaartarchitect00mill |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=0-500-20327-X |oclc=41659173}}
:{{cite journal |author=Reents-Budet, Dorie |author2=Antonia E. Foias |author3=Ronald L. Bishop |author4=M. James Blackman |author5=Stanley Guenter |last-author-amp=yes |year=2007 |title=Interacciones políticas y el Sitio Ik’ (Motul de San José): Datos de la cerámica. |url=http://www.asociaciontikal.com/pdf/87_-_Reents_et_al.pdf |format=[[PDF]] online publication |work=XX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2006 |editor=J.P. Laporte |editor2=B. Arroyo |editor3=H. Mejía |pages=1416–1436 |publisher=Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala |accessdate=2010-07-15 |language=es |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914133722/http://www.asociaciontikal.com/pdf/87_-_Reents_et_al.pdf |archivedate=2011-09-14 |df= }}
:{{cite book |author=Rice, Prudence M. |author2=Don S. Rice |title=The Postclassic to Spanish-Era Transition in Mesoamerica: Archaeological Perspectives |chapter=Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Maya Political Geography |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sc8wQYn4LrAC&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2005 |editor=Susan Kepecs |editor2=Rani T. Alexander |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA |oclc=60550555 |isbn=9780826337399}}
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:{{cite book |author=Sharer, Robert J. |authorlink=Robert Sharer|author2=Loa P. Traxler |year=2006 |title=The Ancient Maya |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientmaya0006shar |edition=6th (fully revised) |location=Stanford, CA |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=0-8047-4817-9 |oclc=57577446}}
:{{cite book |author=Stuart, David |authorlink=David Stuart (Mayanist) |author2=George Stuart |year=2008 |title=Palenque: Eternal City of the Maya |url=https://archive.org/details/palenqueeternalc0000stua |location=London |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=978-0-500-05156-6|oclc=227016561}}
:{{cite book |author=Webster, David L. |year=2002 |title=The Fall of the Ancient Maya: Solving the Mystery of the Maya Collapse |url=https://archive.org/details/fallofancientmay0000webs |location=London |publisher=[[Thames & Hudson]] |isbn=0-500-05113-5 |oclc=48753878}}
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:{{cite journal |author=Zimmermann, Mario |title=Los nuevos hallazgos en la Estructura III |journal=Arqueología Mexicana |volume=XXII |issue=128 |pages=52–57 |year=Jul–Aug 2014 |location=Mexico City, Mexico |publisher=Editorial Raíces |issn=0188-8218 |oclc=29789840|language=es}}
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== Lihat pula ==
*[[Valeriana (kota Maya)]]
== Pranala luar ==
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