Lee Kuan Yew: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(41 revisi perantara oleh 20 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lee Kuan Yew
| native_name = {{nobold|李光耀}}
| honorific-prefix = Yang Terhormat
|native_name_lang = zh-sg
| honorific-suffix = [[GCMG]] CH SPMJ DK
|image = Lee Kuan Yew.jpg
| image = File:Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore Making a Toast at a State Dinner Held in His Honor, 1975.jpg
|office = [[Menteri Mentor]]
| native_name_lang = zh-sg
|term_start = 12 Agustus 2004
| office = [[Menteri Mentor]]
|term_end = 14 Mei 2011
| term_start = 12 Agustus 2010
|president = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S. R. Nathan]]
| term_end = 14 Mei 2011
|primeminister = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
| president = [[Sellapan Ramanathan|S. R. Nathan]]
|deputy =
| primeminister = [[Lee Hsien Loong]]
|predecessor = ''Jabatan dibentuk''
|successor deputy =
|office2 predecessor = [[Menteri''Jabatan Senior]]dibentuk''
| successor =
|term_start2 = 28 November 1990
| office2 = [[Menteri Senior]]
|term_end2 = 12 Agustus 2004
| term_start2 = 28 November 1990
|president2 = [[Wee Kim Wee]]<br />[[Ong Teng Cheong]]<br />[[Sellapan Ramanathan|S. R. Nathan]]
| term_end2 = 12 Agustus 2004
|primeminister2= [[Goh Chok Tong]]
| president2 = [[Wee Kim Wee]]<br />[[Ong Teng Cheong]]<br />[[Sellapan Ramanathan|S. R. Nathan]]
|predecessor2 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]
|successor2 primeminister2 = [[Goh Chok Tong]]
| predecessor2 = [[S. Rajaratnam]]
|office3 = Perdana Menteri Singapura
|order3 successor2 = ke-1[[Goh Chok Tong]]
| office3 = Perdana Menteri Singapura
|term_start3 = [[3 Juni]] [[1959]]
| order3 = ke-1
|term_end3 = [[28 November]] [[1990]]
| term_start3 = [[3 Juni]] [[1959]]
|president3 = [[Yusof bin Ishak]]<br />[[Benjamin Henry Sheares]]<br />[[Devan Nair|C. V. Devan Nair]]<br />[[Wee Kim Wee]]
| term_end3 = [[28 November]] [[1990]]
|deputy3 = [[Toh Chin Chye]] (1959-1968)<br />[[Goh Keng Swee]] (1968-1985)<br />[[Goh Chok Tong]] (1985-1990)<br />[[S. Rajaratnam]] (1980-1985)<br />[[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1985-1993)
| president3 = [[Yusof bin Ishak]]<br />[[Benjamin Henry Sheares]]<br />[[Devan Nair|C. V. Devan Nair]]<br />[[Wee Kim Wee]]
|predecessor3 = ''Jabatan dibentuk''
| deputy3 = [[Toh Chin Chye]] (1959-1968)<br />[[Goh Keng Swee]] (1968-1985)<br />[[Goh Chok Tong]] (1985-1990)<br />[[S. Rajaratnam]] (1980-1985)<br />[[Ong Teng Cheong]] (1985-1993)
|successor3 = [[Goh Chok Tong]]
| predecessor3 = ''Jabatan dibentuk''
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|9|16|df=y}}
| successor3 = [[Goh Chok Tong]]
|birth_place = [[Berkas:Flag of the British Straits Settlements (1904–1925).svg|25px]] [[Negeri-Negeri Selat|Singapura]]
|death_date birth_date = {{deathBirth date and age|2015|3|23|1923|9|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berkas:Flag of the British Straits Settlements (1904–1925).svg|25px]] [[Negeri-Negeri Selat|Singapura]]
|death_place = {{negara|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]
|party death_date = [[Partai{{death Aksidate Rakyatand age|PAP]]2015|3|23|1923|9|16|df=y}}
|job death_place = {{negara|Singapura}} [[EkonomSingapura]]
|spouse party = [[KwaPartai GeokAksi ChooRakyat|PAP]]
| job = [[Ekonom]]
| spouse = [[Kwa Geok Choo]]
| caption = Lee Kuan Yew pada tahun 1975
}}
 
'''Lee Kuan Yew''' ([[bahasa Mandarin]]: 李光耀, [[Pinyin]]: Lǐ Guāngyào, {{lahirmati|[[Negeri-Negeri Selat|Singapura]]|16|9|1923|[[Singapura]]|23|3|2015}}) adalah [[Perdana Menteri Singapura|Perdana Menteri]] [[Singapura]] dari tahun [[1959]]–[[1990]]. IaLee tetapdianggap menjadisebagai [[tokoh''founding politik]]father'' yangdan pahlawan berpengaruhbagi dinegara Singapura sejakmodern, pengundurankarena dirinyakepemimpinannya sebagaidalam [[perdanamengubah menteri]].Singapura Leedari diakui[[Dunia secara luas sebagai bapak pendiri bangsa<ref>{{Cite webKetiga|last=CNN|first=Grahamnegara Allison,baru Specialyang to|title=Leemiskin]] Kuanmenjadi Yew:sebuah Lessons[[Negara for Leadersmaju|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/28/opinions/singapore-lee-kuan-yew-graham-allison/index.html|website=CNN|access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref>.<ref>{{Citenegara book|last=Donald Emaju]].|first=Weatherbee|date=2008|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-boaAAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Historical Dictionary of United States-Southeast Asia Relations
Historical Dictionaries of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=0810864053, 9780810864054|pages=213|url-status=live}}</ref> Semasa pemerintahan [[Goh Chok Tong]], Lee menjabat sebagai [[Menteri Senior]]. Saat ini jabatan dia ialah [[Menteri Mentor]], sebuah jabatan baru yang dibentuk di bawah kepemimpinan anaknya, [[Lee Hsien Loong]], yang menjadi PM ketiga pada [[12 Agustus]] [[2004]].
 
Ia meninggal pada [[23 Maret]] [[2015]] di [[Singapore General Hospital]], [[Singapura]] karena [[radang paru-paru]].<ref>[http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2015/03/23/03553851/Lee.Kuan.Yew.Meninggal.Dunia.di.Usia.91 Artikel:"Lee Kuan Yew Meninggal Dunia pada Usia 91 Tahun" di Kompas.com]</ref> Sebelumnya kondisinya terus menurun sejak dirawat di rumah sakit pada [[5 Februari]] [[2015]].<ref>[http://news.detik.com/read/2015/03/23/040159/2866238/1148/eks-pm-singapura-lee-kuan-yew-wafat-di-usia-91-tahun Artikel:"Eks PM Singapura Lee Kuan Yew Wafat di Usia 91 Tahun" di detik.com]</ref> Upacara pemakaman berlangsung pada [[29 Maret]] [[2015]] di Pusat Kebudayaan di [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]], selanjutnya Jenazahnya dibawa ke Mandai Crematorium untuk dikremasi.<ref>[http://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20150329105044-106-42713/prosesi-pemakaman-lee-kuan-yew/ Artikel:"Prosesi Pemakaman Lee Kuan Yew" di cnnindonesia.com]</ref>
 
== Biografi ==
PolitikusLee kelahiranlahir pada tanggal 16 September 1923, dari pasangan Lee Chin Koon, seorang warga Singapura inikelahiran [[Semarang]]<ref>[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1552_2009-08-28.html Lee Chin Koon]</ref>, dan [[Chua Jim Neo]]. Ia bersekolah di [[SD Telok Kurau]], [[Raffles Institution]] dan [[Raffles College]]. Kuliahnya tertunda akibat [[Perang Dunia II]] dan [[pendudukan Jepang]] di Singapura pada [[1942]]–[[1945]]. Pada masa itu, ia menjual ''Stikfas'', sejenis lem yang dibuat dari [[tapioka]], di [[pasar gelap]]. Lee yang sejak 1942 mengambil mata pelajaran [[bahasa Mandarin]] dan [[bahasa Jepang]] bekerja sebagai penulis laporan kilat Sekutu bagi Jepang serta menjadi editor [[bahasa Inggris]] untuk koran Jepang ''Hobudu'' (alat propaganda) dari [[1943]]–[[1944]].
 
Setelah perang berakhir, Lee mengambil jurusan hukum di [[Fitzwilliam College]], [[Britania Raya|Inggris]]. Ia kembali ke Singapura pada [[1949]] untuk bekerja sebagai [[pengacara]] di biro Laycock & Ong.
Baris 62:
Lee merupakan salah satu peyokong terkemuka [[norma Asia]], walaupun definisi yang dimaksudkannya kerap diperdebatkan. Lee juga mendukung tindakan [[egenetika]]. Pada suatu wawancara dengan koran ''The Straits Times'', Lee mengakui dirinya seorang [[agnostik]].
 
==Silsilah Lee Kuan Yew ==
{{chart top|width=65%|collapsed=yes|Silsilah Lee Kuan Yew}}
<center>
{{chart/start|style=font-size:105%;|summary=Diagram kotak dan garis dengan 21 kotak}}
{{chart | | | | | LBB |y| SHN |LBB=Lee Bok Boon<br>1846-1920|SHN=Seow Huan Neo<br>1850-1931 perk.}}
{{chart | | | | | | | |!}}
{{chart | | | | | | | LHL |y| KLN |LHL=[[Lee Hoon Leong]]<br>l. 1871-1942|KLN=Ko Liem Nio<br>l. 1883-1959}}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | LCK |y| CJN |LCK=[http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1552_2009-08-28.html Lee Chin Koon]<br>1903-1997|CJN=Chua Jim Neo<br>1907-1980}}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | LKY |~|~|y|~|~| KGC |LKY='''Lee Kuan Yew'''<br>1923-2015|KGC=Kwa Geok Choo<br>1920-2010}}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart | WMY |~|~|y|~|~|LHL2 |y| HC | | LWL | | LHY |y| LSF |WMY=Wong Ming Yang<br>1951-1982|LHL2='''[[Lee Hsien Loong]]'''<br>l. 1952|HC=[[Ho Ching]]<br>l. 1953|LWL=Lee Wei Ling<br>l. 1955|LHY=[[Lee Hsien Yang]]<br>l. 1957|LSF=Lim Suet Fern<br>l. 1957}}
{{chart | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| }}
{{chart | LXQ | | LYP | |LHY2 | |LHY3 | | LSW | | LHW | |LSW2 |LXQ=Li Xiuqi<br>l. 1980|LYP=Li Yipeng<br>l. 1982|LHY2=[[Li Hongyi (Singapura)|Li Hongyi]]<br>l. 1987|LHY3=Li Haoyi<br>l. 1989|LSW=Li Shengwu<br>l. 1985|LHW=Li Huanwu<br>l. 1986|LSW2=Li Shaowu<br>l. 1995}}
{{chart/end}}
</center>
|-
|style="text-align: left;"|'''Catatan:'''
{{notelist-lr}}
Saudara-saudara Lee Kuan Yew adalah:
* Dennis Lee Kim Yew (1925-2003) - pengacara dan anggota Lee & Lee
** Gloria Lee (Woo) Sau Yin, istri<ref name=nlb>http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/printheritage/image.aspx?id=387e8bd2-5972-47e6-80bc-63ecd4120f74</ref>
* Freddy Lee Thiam Yew (1927-2012) - pialang saham dan mantan ketua Ballas and Company
** Eleanor Ngo Puay Chin, istri<ref name=nlb />
* Dr Lee Suan Yew (l. 1934) - Presiden Singapore Medical Council
** Pamela Chong, istri Dr Lee<ref name=nlb />
* Monica Lee Kim Mon<ref name=nlb />
{{chart bottom}}
 
== Penghargaan ==
*{{Flag|Britania Raya}} :
**[[File:Order of the Companions of Honour Ribbon.gif|50px]] Member of the [[:en:Order of the Companions of Honour|Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH) (1970)<ref name="Bio of Lee Kuan Yew"/>
**[[Berkas:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|50px]] Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (GCMG) - '''Sir''' (1972)<ref name="Bio of Lee Kuan Yew"/>
*{{flag|Brunei}} :
**[[File:Family Order of Laila Utama of Brunei ribbon bar.png|50px]] [[Darjah Kerabat Laila Utama|Darjah Kerabat Laila Utama Yang Amat Dihormati]] (DK) - '''Dato Laila Utama''' (1990)<ref name="Bio of Lee Kuan Yew"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Author|date=1990-02-17|title=Highest state and military awards for Brunei Sultan|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/stoverseas19900217-1.2.7.20.1|website=NewspaperSG|access-date=2024-10-27}}</ref>
*{{flag|Filipina}} :
**[[File:PHL Order of Sikatuna - Grand Cross BAR.png|50px]] Grand Collar of the [[:Order of Sikatuna|Order of Sikatuna]], Rank of Raja (GCS) (15 Mei 1974)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Order of Sikatuna|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-sikatuna/|website=Official Gazette}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Indonesia}} :
**[[File:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipradana.png|50px]] [[Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipradana]] (1973)<ref name="Bio of Lee Kuan Yew">{{cite web|url=http://www.pmo.gov.sg/AboutGovernment/CabinetAppointments/MMLeeKuanYew|title=Bio of Lee Kuan Yew|publisher=Government of Singapore|access-date=10 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926001421/http://www.pmo.gov.sg/AboutGovernment/CabinetAppointments/MMLeeKuanYew/|archive-date=26 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Suryadinata|first=Leo|date=2012|url=https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Southeast_Asian_Personalities_of_Chinese/v9QEBAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0|title=Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: Biographical dictionary|location=Singapura|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978981434521|pages=524|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-09-26|title=Prime Minister's Office - Cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.pmo.gov.sg/AboutGovernment/CabinetAppointments/MMLeeKuanYew/|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2023-05-25|archive-date=2008-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926001421/http://www.pmo.gov.sg/AboutGovernment/CabinetAppointments/MMLeeKuanYew/|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Jepang}} :
**[[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho Paulownia BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Cordon of the [[:en:Order of the Paulownia Flowers|Order of the Paulownia Flowers]] (2016) (''Anumerta'')<ref>{{cite news |title=Lee Kuan Yew to be conferred one of Japan's highest awards |date=3 February 2016 |work=Channel NewsAsia |location= Singapore |url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lee-kuan-yew-to-be/2484680.html |access-date=8 February 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206035735/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lee-kuan-yew-to-be/2484680.html |archive-date=6 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
**[[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Cordon of the [[Orde Matahari Terbit|Order of the Rising Sun]] (1967)<ref name="Bio of Lee Kuan Yew"/>
*{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} :
**[[File:Order Dostik 1kl rib.png|50px]] [[:en:Order of Friendship (Kazakhstan)|Order of Friendship]] (2012)<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1184327/1/.html |title=Lee Kuan Yew conferred Order of Friendship by Kazakhstan |work=Channel NewsAsia |location= Singapore |last=Chan |first=Joanne |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=21 February 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120222130517/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1184327/1/.html |archive-date=22 February 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Korea Selatan}} :
**[[File:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (Class 1) Grand Gwanghwa Medal ribbon.gif|50px]] Grand Gwanghwa Medal of the [[:en:Order of Diplomatic Service Merit|Order of Diplomatic Service Merit]] (25 Oktober 1979)<ref>{{Citation|title=대한뉴스 제 1261호-대통령 동정|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=-mdSOpXjkp6QUomT&v=kRlUm5ktXNw&feature=youtu.be|date=2016-12-08|accessdate=2024-08-17|last=KTV 아카이브}}</ref>
*{{flag|Malaysia}} :
**[[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg|50px]] [[Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara|Ahli Mangku Negara]] (AMN) (1961)<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.istiadat.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/1961.pdf|title=Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1961}}</ref>
**{{flag|Johor}} :
***[[File:Darjah Mahkota Johor Ribbon Bar.png|50px]] [[:en:Order of the Crown of Johor|Sri Paduka Mahkota Johor]] (SPMJ) - '''Dato' Sri Paduka''' (7 April 1984)<ref>{{Cite web|date=1984-04-07|title=PM to receive the highest Johor award|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singmonitor19840407-1.2.5.2?qt=highest,%20state,%20award&q=highest%20state%20award|website=NewspaperSG|access-date=2024-11-26}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Pakistan}} :
**[[File:Nishan-e-Quaid-e-Azam.gif|50px]] [[:en:Civil decorations of Pakistan|Nishan-e-Quaid-i-Azam]] (1 Agustus 1983)<ref>{{Cite web|date=1983-08-01|title=President and PM get Pakistan's top awards|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19830801-1.2.29?qt=highest,%20state,%20award&q=highest%20state%20award|website=NewspaperSG|access-date=2024-11-26}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Rusia}} :
**[[File:Orden of Friendship.png|50px]] [[:en:Order of Friendship|Order Of Friendship]] (2009)<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1018440/1/.html |title=Russia, S'pore move towards closer ties with new governmental body |work=Channel NewsAsia |location= Singapore |author=Hoe Yeen Nie |date=16 November 2009 |access-date=22 March 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110604203050/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1018440/1/.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[File:Orden of Honour.png|50px]] [[:en:Order of Honour (Russia)|Order of Honour]] (2013)<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lee-kuan-yew-conferred/945006.html |title= Former MM Lee Kuan Yew conferred Russia's Order of Honour |work= Channel NewsAsia |location= Singapore |last=Kumar |first=Chitra |date=6 January 2014 |access-date=6 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140106164941/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lee-kuan-yew-conferred/945006.html |archive-date=6 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
 
Baris 86 ⟶ 143:
[[Kategori:Tionghoa-Singapura]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Hakka]]
[[Kategori:Politikus Singapura]]
[[Kategori:Kematian akibat pneumonia]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas London]]
[[Kategori:Pengacara Singapura]]
[[Kategori:Keluarga Lee dari Singapura]]