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{{rapikan}}
{{wikify}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
| color = Orange▼
| name = Jeruk
| image = OrangeBloss wb.jpg
| image_widthgenus = 250pxCitrus
| species = × sinensis
| image_caption =
| authority = (umumnya merujuk ke spesies ini)
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
▲ | color color_as= Orange
| phylum = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| image_width=250px
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Sapindales]]
| familia = [[Rutaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Citrus]]''
| species = '''''C. Sinensis'''''
| binomial = ''Citrus Sinensis''
| binomial_authority =
}}
 
[[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|upright|Jeruk dan jus jeruk]]
[[Berkas:برتقال منزلي طازج من شمال إفريقيا.jpg|jmpl|230x230px|Jeruk]]
'''Jeruk''' ({{lang-en|orange}}) adalah buah dari berbagai spesies [[citrus]] dalam famili [[Rutaceae]]. Istilah "jeruk" terutamaumumnya mengacu pada ''[[Citrus sinensis|Citrus × sinensis]]'',<ref name="USDA">{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CISI3 |title=Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) (maxima × reticulata) sweet orange |work=Plants.USDA.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512023634/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CISI3 |archive-date=12 Mei 2011 }}</ref> yang juga disebut '''jeruk manis''', untuk membedakannya daridan ''Citrus × aurantium'' terkait, yang disebut jeruk pahit. Jeruk manis bereproduksi secara aseksual (apomiksis melalui ''nucellar embryony''), varietas jeruk manis muncul melalui mutasi.<ref name=fullgenome /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikifarmer.com/orange-fruit-information/|title=Orange Fruit Information|date=9 Juni 2017|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nutrition-and-you.com/orange-fruit.html|title=Orange fruit nutrition facts and health benefits|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/45057-oranges-nutrition-facts.html|title=Oranges: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts|website=Live Science|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>
 
Jeruk manis bereproduksi secara aseksual ([[apomiksis]] melalui ''nucellar embryony''), yaitu melalui sistem [[Cangkok kulit|cangkok]], [[okulasi]], [[setek]], dan varietas jeruk manis muncul melalui mutasi.<ref name="fullgenome" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikifarmer.com/orange-fruit-information/|title=Orange Fruit Information|date=9 Juni 2017|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nutrition-and-you.com/orange-fruit.html|title=Orange fruit nutrition facts and health benefits|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/45057-oranges-nutrition-facts.html|title=Oranges: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts|website=Live Science|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref>
Jeruk adalah hibrida antara jeruk bali (''Citrus maxima'') dan mandarin (''Citrus reticulata'').<ref name=fullgenome>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ng.2472 | volume=45 | title=The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) | journal=Nature Genetics | pages=59–66 | pmid=23179022 | date=Jan 2013 | last1 = Xu | first1 = Q | last2 = Chen | first2 = LL | last3 = Ruan | first3 = X | last4 = Chen | first4 = D | last5 = Zhu | first5 = A | last6 = Chen | first6 = C | last7 = Bertrand | first7 = D | last8 = Jiao | first8 = WB | last9 = Hao | first9 = BH | last10 = Lyon | first10 = MP | last11 = Chen | first11 = J | last12 = Gao | first12 = S | last13 = Xing | first13 = F | last14 = Lan | first14 = H | last15 = Chang | first15 = JW | last16 = Ge | first16 = X | last17 = Lei | first17 = Y | last18 = Hu | first18 = Q | last19 = Miao | first19 = Y | last20 = Wang | first20 = L | last21 = Xiao | first21 = S | last22 = Biswas | first22 = MK | last23 = Zeng | first23 = W | last24 = Guo | first24 = F | last25 = Cao | first25 = H | last26 = Yang | first26 = X | last27 = Xu | first27 = XW | last28 = Cheng | first28 = YJ | last29 = Xu | first29 = J | last30 = Liu | first30 = JH | last31 = Luo | first31 = OJ | last32 = Tang | first32 = Z | last33 = Guo | first33 = WW | last34 = Kuang | first34 = H | last35 = Zhang | first35 = HY | last36 = Roose | first36 = ML | last37 = Nagarajan | first37 = N | last38 = Deng | first38 = XX | last39 = Ruan | first39 = Y| issue=1 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="AGLthesis">{{cite thesis |title=Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos |year=2013|author=Andrés García Lor| url=https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/31518/Versión3.Tesis%20Andrés%20García-Lor.pdf |pages=79 }}</ref> Genom kloroplas, dan karena itu garis ibu adalah jeruk bali.<ref name=genealogy_review>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nbt.2954 | volume=32 | issue=7 | title=A genealogy of the citrus family | journal=Nature Biotechnology | pages=640–642 | pmid=25004231 | last1 = Velasco | first1 = R | last2 = Licciardello | first2 = C| year=2014 | s2cid=9357494 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Jeruk manis telah memiliki genom lengkap yang diurutkan.<ref name=fullgenome />▼
 
▲Jeruk adalahmanis merupakan hibrida antara jeruk bali (''Citrus maxima'') dan mandarin (''Citrus reticulata'').<ref name=fullgenome>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ng.2472 | volume=45 | title=The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) | journal=Nature Genetics | pages=59–66 | pmid=23179022 | date=Jan 2013 | last1 = Xu | first1 = Q | last2 = Chen | first2 = LL | last3 = Ruan | first3 = X | last4 = Chen | first4 = D | last5 = Zhu | first5 = A | last6 = Chen | first6 = C | last7 = Bertrand | first7 = D | last8 = Jiao | first8 = WB | last9 = Hao | first9 = BH | last10 = Lyon | first10 = MP | last11 = Chen | first11 = J | last12 = Gao | first12 = S | last13 = Xing | first13 = F | last14 = Lan | first14 = H | last15 = Chang | first15 = JW | last16 = Ge | first16 = X | last17 = Lei | first17 = Y | last18 = Hu | first18 = Q | last19 = Miao | first19 = Y | last20 = Wang | first20 = L | last21 = Xiao | first21 = S | last22 = Biswas | first22 = MK | last23 = Zeng | first23 = W | last24 = Guo | first24 = F | last25 = Cao | first25 = H | last26 = Yang | first26 = X | last27 = Xu | first27 = XW | last28 = Cheng | first28 = YJ | last29 = Xu | first29 = J | last30 = Liu | first30 = JH | last31 = Luo | first31 = OJ | last32 = Tang | first32 = Z | last33 = Guo | first33 = WW | last34 = Kuang | first34 = H | last35 = Zhang | first35 = HY | last36 = Roose | first36 = ML | last37 = Nagarajan | first37 = N | last38 = Deng | first38 = XX | last39 = Ruan | first39 = Y| issue=1 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="AGLthesis">{{cite thesis |title=Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos |year=2013|author=Andrés García Lor| url=https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/31518/Versión3.Tesis%20Andrés%20García-Lor.pdf |pages=79 }}</ref> Genom kloroplas, dan karena itu garis ibu adalah jeruk bali.<ref name=genealogy_review>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nbt.2954 | volume=32 | issue=7 | title=A genealogy of the citrus family | journal=Nature Biotechnology | pages=640–642 | pmid=25004231 | last1 = Velasco | first1 = R | last2 = Licciardello | first2 = C| year=2014 | s2cid=9357494 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Jeruk manis telah memiliki genom lengkap yang diurutkan.<ref name=fullgenome />
Jeruk berasal dari wilayah yang meliputi Tiongkok Selatan, India Timur Laut, dan Myanmar,<ref>{{cite book | title = Fruits of Warm Climates | last=Morton | first=Julia F. | year=1987 | pages = 134–142 | url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = The Genus Citrus | last1 = Talon | first1 = Manuel | last2 = Caruso | first2 = Marco | last3 = Gmitter Jr. | first3 = Fred G. | year = 2020 | publisher = Woodhead Publishing | page = 17 | isbn = 9780128122174 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dslaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17}}</ref> dan penyebutan jeruk manis paling awal adalah dalam literatur Tiongkok pada 314 SM.<ref name=fullgenome /> {{As of|1987}}, pohon jeruk ditemukan sebagai pohon buah yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di dunia.<ref name=morton>{{cite web|author=Morton, J|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html|title=Orange, ''Citrus sinensis''. In: Fruits of Warm Climates|date=1987|publisher=NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University|pages=134–142}}</ref> Pohon jeruk banyak ditanam di iklim tropis dan subtropis untuk buahnya yang manis. Buah jeruk dapat dimakan segar, atau diolah untuk jus atau kulitnya yang harum.<ref name="ars-grin.gov">{{GRIN | Citrus sinensis | 10782 | access-date = 10 Desember 2017}}</ref> {{As of|2012}}, jeruk manis menyumbang sekitar 70% dari produksi citrus.<ref name="citrusgenomedb.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120824011802/http://www.citrusgenomedb.org/organisms ''Organisms'']. Citrus Genome Database</ref>▼
 
▲Jeruk manis berasal dari wilayah yang meliputi [[Tiongkok Selatan]], India Timur Laut, dan [[Myanmar,]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Fruits of Warm Climates | last=Morton | first=Julia F. | year=1987 | pages = 134–142 | url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = The Genus Citrus | last1 = Talon | first1 = Manuel | last2 = Caruso | first2 = Marco | last3 = Gmitter Jr. | first3 = Fred G. | year = 2020 | publisher = Woodhead Publishing | page = 17 | isbn = 9780128122174 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dslaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17}}</ref> dan penyebutan jeruk manis paling awal adalah dalam literatur Tiongkok pada 314 SM.<ref name=fullgenome /> {{As of|1987}}, pohon jeruk ditemukan sebagai pohon buah yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di dunia.<ref name="morton">{{cite web|author=Morton, J|urldate=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html1987|title=Orange, ''Citrus sinensis''. In: Fruits of Warm Climates|dateurl=1987http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html|publisher=NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University|pages=134–142}}</ref> PohonPenyebutan jeruk banyak ditanam di iklim tropis dan subtropis untuk buahnya yang manis. Buahpaling jerukawal dapatditemukan dimakandalam segar,literatur atau[[Tiongkok]] diolahpada untuk314 jus atau kulitnya yang harumSM.<ref name="ars-grin.gov">{{GRINfullgenome | Citrus sinensis | 10782 | access-date = 10 Desember 2017}}</ref> {{As of|2012}}, jeruk manis menyumbang sekitar 70% dari produksi citrus.<ref name="citrusgenomedb.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120824011802/http://www.citrusgenomedb.org/organisms ''Organisms'']. Citrus Genome Database</ref>
Pada 2019, 79 juta ton jeruk ditanam di seluruh dunia, dengan Brasil memproduksi 22% dari total, diikuti oleh Tiongkok dan India. Jeruk biasa ditanam di [[dataran rendah]] (50-600 m) tetapi, terdapat juga jeruk yang dapat ditanam di dataran tinggi, seperti jeruk nipis (''Citrus aurantifolia)'' dan pamelo raja ''(Citrus grandis)'' <ref name=faostat/>▼
 
Pohon jeruk banyak ditanam di iklim tropis dan subtropis karena bisa menghasilkan buah yang manis. Buah jeruk dapat dimakan segar atau diolah untuk jus, sedangkan kulitnya bisa dimanfaatkan untuk bumbu karena harum.<ref name="ars-grin.gov">{{GRIN | Citrus sinensis | 10782 | access-date = 10 Desember 2017}}</ref> , Hingga tahun 2012, jeruk manis menyumbang sekitar 70% dari produksi ''citrus''.<ref name="citrusgenomedb.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120824011802/http://www.citrusgenomedb.org/organisms ''Organisms'']. Citrus Genome Database</ref>
 
▲Pada 2019, sejumlah 79 juta ton jeruk ditanam di seluruh dunia, dengan. Brasil memproduksi 22% dari total, diikuti oleh Tiongkok dan India. Jeruk biasa ditanam di [[dataran rendah]] (50-60050–600 m). tetapi, terdapatTerdapat juga jeruk yang dapat ditanam di dataran tinggi, seperti jeruk nipis (''Citrus aurantifolia)'' dan pamelo raja ''(Citrus grandis).'' <ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title=Production of oranges in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)|date=2020|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
 
* [[Daftar buah-buahan sejenis citrus|Daftar buah-buahan citrus]]
* [[Daftar buah-buahan kuliner]]
 
Baris 43 ⟶ 40:
 
* {{Commons-inline|Citrus sinensis}}
 
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Citrus sinensis}}
 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041118125823/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=282 ''Citrus sinensis'' List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases)], USDA, Agricultural Research Service.
 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140524030656/http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/Details.aspx?itemNo=8199 Oranges: Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy]. (2006). University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Diakses tanggal 23 Mei 2014.
 
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[[Kategori:Buah-buahan yang berasal dari Asia]]
[[Kategori:Pertanian tropis]]
[[Kategori:Hiasan koktail]]
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