Politisi SS: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Orphan|date=Februari 2023}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}<!-- kapal niaga -->
|+SS ''Politisi''
{{Infobox ship image|Ship image=Politisi ss.jpg|Ship caption=SS ''Politisi''|image alt=Sisi kanan kapal hitam besar; dia memiliki satu corong dan ditarik oleh kapal tunda.}}
{{Infobox ship career|Hide header=|Ship name=*''Pedagang London'' (1923–1935)
* ''Politikus'' (1935–1941)|Ship owner=*[[Furness Withy|Furness, Withy and Co.]] (1923–1935)
* [[T & J Harrison]] (1935–1941)|Ship operator=|Ship registry=|Ship route=|Ship ordered=|Ship builder=[[Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness]].|Ship original cost=|Ship yard number=|Ship way number=|Ship laid down=19 September 1920|Ship launched=15 November 1921|Ship completed=Mei 1923|Ship christened=|Ship acquired=|Ship maiden voyage=|Ship in service=|Ship out of service=|Ship identification=|Ship fate=Berlatar tahun 1941|Ship notes=}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics|Hide header=|Header caption=|Ship class=|Ship type=[[Kapal kargo]]|Ship tonnage=7,899 ([[''Gross register tonnage|GRT'']])|Ship displacement=|Ship length={{convert|450|ft|6|in|abbr=on}}|Ship beam={{convert|17.7|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}}|Ship height=|Ship draught=|Ship draft=|Ship depth=|Ship decks=|Ship deck clearance=|Ship ramps=|Ship ice class=|Ship sail plan=|Ship power=[[steam turbine]]|Ship propulsion=|Ship speed={{convert|14|kn}}|Ship capacity=|Ship crew=|Ship notes={{sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}}}
|}
|}'''Politisi SS''' (SS ''Politician'') adalah sebuah [[Kapal barang|kapal kargo]] yang kandas di lepas pantai pulau [[Hebrides|Hebridean]] [[Eriskay]] pada tahun 1941. Kargonya termasuk 22.000 kotak wiski malt dan uang kertas Jamaika senilai £3 juta. Sebagian besar wiski ditemukan oleh penduduk pulau dari seberang Hebrides, bertentangan dengan undang-undang penyelamatan laut. Karena tidak ada bea yang dibayarkan atas wiski tersebut, anggota Bea dan Cukai HM mengejar dan mengadili mereka yang telah memindahkan muatan tersebut.
 
''Politisi'' selesai pada tahun 1923 dengan nama ''London Merchant'' . Dia adalah kapal kargo umum yang diperdagangkan antara Inggris, Amerika Serikat, dan Kanada, dan naik turun pantai barat AS. Pada tahun 1924 — selama tahun-tahun [[Pelarangan di Amerika Serikat|pelarangan di Amerika]] — komisaris larangan negara bagian Oregon menyita muatan wiski meskipun telah disetujui dan disegel oleh otoritas federal AS. Setelah Kedutaan Besar Inggris di Washington mengeluh kepada pemerintah AS, wiski dilepaskan kembali ke kapal. Selama [[Perang Dunia II|Perang Dunia Kedua]] ''Politisi'' berpartisipasi dalam konvoi Atlantik antara Inggris dan AS. Pada bulan Februari 1941 dia sedang dalam perjalanan ke utara Skotlandia, di mana dia kandas saat mencoba untuk bertemu dengan konvoi. Tidak ada yang terluka parah atau tewas dalam kecelakaan itu.
Baris 29 ⟶ 31:
| caption2 = Eriskay, Uist Selatan dan Barra
}}
Kapal kargo ''Politisi'' SS dibangun oleh [[Perusahaan Pembuatan Kapal Furness|Furness Shipbuilding Company]] antara 19 September 1920—ketika dia [[Peletakan lunas|dibaringkan—]] dan 1923 di galangan kapal [[Bukit Haverton|Haverton Hill]], [[County Durham]], Inggris. Dia [[Penamaan dan peluncuran kapal|diluncurkan]] pada November 1921 sebagai SS ''London Merchant'', dan selesai pada Mei 1923. ''Pedagang London'' adalah salah satu dari enam kapal saudara yang dibangun di halaman; yang lainnya adalah ''London Commerce'', ''London Importer'', ''London Mariner'', ''London Shipper'' dan ''Manchester Regiment''.{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=36}}{{Efn|''London Merchant''{{'s}} sister ships had mixed fortunes:
* ''London Commerce'': Renamed ''Collegian'' in 1935 and was [[broken up]] in 1948.{{sfn|''London Commerce'', ship 1146693}}
* ''London Importer'': Renamed ''Reliant'' and served the Second World War as a [[Auxiliary ship|supply ship]]. She was later renamed ''Firdausa'' by her Pakistani owners before being scrapped in 1963 in Karachi.{{sfn|''London Importer'', ship 5115434}}
* ''London Mariner'': renamed ''Craftsman'', she was destroyed by the [[German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran|German auxiliary cruiser ''Kormoran'']] in April 1941.{{sfn|''Feliciana'', ship 1146553}}
* ''London Shipper'': sank in May 1941 after being hit by a German [[aerial torpedo]] while travelling between New Orleans and Liverpool.{{sfn|''London Shipper'', ship 1147474}}
* ''Manchester Regiment'': collided with the [[SS Oropesa (1919)|SS ''Oropesa'']] in December 1939 and sank, with the loss of nine lives.{{sfn|Hutchinson|2007|pp=36–37}}}} [[Tonase bruto terdaftar|tonaseTonase terdaftar kotor]] ''London Merchant'' adalah {{'s}}, dia {{Convert|450|ft|m|abbr=on}} panjang{{Efn|The length given is the [[length between perpendiculars]] measurement.{{sfn|"Abbreviations". ''Miramar Ship Index''}}{{sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}}} dan {{Convert|17.7|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} di [[Lintang kapal|balok]] ; kedalaman pegangannya adalah {{Convert|19|ft|m|abbr=on}} dan dia bisa mencapai {{Convert|14|kn|lk=in}}.{{Sfn|''Politician'', ship 1147482}}{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=36}} Saat sedang dipasang, dia ditabrak oleh kapal lain dan rusak.{{Sfn|''Manchester Regiment'', ship 1146830}}
 
Setelah ''London Merchant'' diperbaiki, dia mulai berdagang melintasi Atlantik;{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|pp=36–37}} pemiliknya, perusahaan [[Furness Withy]], mengiklankan layanan kargonya di ''[[The Guardian|The Manchester Guardian]]'', pengiriman dari Manchester ke Los Angeles, Seattle, dan Vancouver.{{Sfn|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; January 1924}}{{Sfn|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; March 1928}} Pada bulan Desember 1924—selama [[Pelarangan di Amerika Serikat|Larangan di Amerika Serikat]] —dia berlabuh di [[Portland, Oregon]], dengan wiski sebagai bagian dari muatannya; ini telah disetujui dan disegel oleh otoritas federal AS. George Cleaver, komisaris larangan negara bagian Oregon, mengabaikan persetujuan tersebut, membuka segel kargo dan menyita wiski. [[Master (angkatan laut)|Nakhoda]] kapal menolak untuk pergi tanpa wiski dan [[Kedutaan Besar Inggris di Washington]] mengeluh kepada otoritas Federal, yang campur tangan dan memerintahkan wiski dilepaskan kembali ke kapal. Cleaver diperintahkan untuk menulis permintaan maaf kepada kapten dan perusahaan Furness Withy.{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|p=37}}{{Sfn|"Dry agent must eat humble pie". ''The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review''}}{{Sfn|"Must eat humble pie". ''The Gazette''}} Pada Malam Natal 1927 dia terlibat dalam tabrakan lain dan diperbaiki. Dia berdagang di pesisir timur AS hingga tahun 1930 ketika, dengan permulaan [[Depresi Besar]], perdagangan dunia turun, dan dia diikat di [[Sungai Blackwater, Essex]], bersama dengan 60 kapal lainnya.{{Sfn|Hutchinson|2007|pp=37–38}}
 
== ReferensiPranala luar ==
 
* [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/archive/displays/politician/index.aspx Tampilan online] di Merseyside Maritime Museum
* [https://southampton.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/LOCAL/BIBENQ?BRN=1449675 Daftarkan entri] di Lloyd's Register of Shipping
 
==Catatan dan referensi==
 
===Catatan===
{{notes}}
 
===Referensi===
{{reflist}}
 
===Sumber===
{{refbegin}}
 
====BukuBooks====
* {{cite book|last1=Bathurst|first1=Bella|title=The Wreckers: A Story of Killing Seas and Plundered Shipwrecks|date=2005|url=https://archive.org/stream/wreckersstoryofk00bath#page/n5/mode/2up|titlepublisher=TheHoughton Wreckers: A Story of Killing Seas and Plundered ShipwrecksMifflin|location=Boston, MA|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|isbn=978-0-6184-1677-6|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last1=Duguid|first1=Mark|last2=Freeman|first2=Lee|last3=Johnston|first3=Keith M.|last4=Williams|first4=Melanie|date=2012|title=Ealing Revisited|locationdate=London2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|isbn=978-1-84457-510-7|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last=Haswell-Smith|first=Hamish|yeartitle=2008The Scottish Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXFwKl5gVqwC&pg=PP1|titleyear=The Scottish Islands2008|publisher=Canongate|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Canongate|isbn=978-1-84767-277-3|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hutchinson|first1=Roger|dateauthor-link=2007Roger Hutchinson (writer)|title=Polly: The True Story Behind Whisky Galore|locationurl=Edinburghhttps://archive.org/details/pollytruestorybe0000hutc_u6v7|date=2007|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-1-8401-8071-8|author-link=Roger Hutchinson (writer)|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last=McArthur|first=Colin|yeartitle=2003Whisky Galore! and the Maggie: A British Film Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnwROL7kGqwC&pg=PP1|titleyear=Whisky Galore! and the Maggie: A British Film Guide|location=London2003|publisher=I.B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=978-1-86064-633-1|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last=Sunderland|first=David|yeartitle=2013Managing the British Empire: The Crown Agents, 1833–1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zDh79Q3Dt8C&pg=PP1|titleyear=Managing2013|publisher=Boydell the British Empire: The Crown Agents, 1833–1914Press|location=Woodbridge, Suffolk|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-841-8|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last1=Swinson|first1=Arthur|dateauthor-link1=2005Arthur Swinson|title=Scotch on the Rocks: the True Story Behind Whisky Galore|locationurl=Edinburghhttps://archive.org/details/scotchonrockstru0000swin|date=2005|publisher=Luath Press|location=Edinburgh|orig-year=1963|isbn=978-1-9052-2209-4|author-link1=Arthur Swinson|orig-year=1963|url-status=live}}
 
====BeritaNewspapers====
* {{cite news|date=4 December 2008|title=Bottle from Whisky Galore! wreck fetches £2,200|work=The Times|date=4 December 2008|page=28|ref={{sfnRef|"Bottle from Whisky Galore! wreck fetches £2,200". ''The Times''}}}}
* {{cite news|date=20 December 1924|title=Dry agent must eat humble pie|work=The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review|date=20 December 1924|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Dry agent must eat humble pie". ''The Semi-Weekly Spokesman-Review''}}}}
* {{cite news|last1=English|first1=Shirley|date=28 March 2005|title=Sour finish to story of Whisky Galore|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electronic-engineering-times_2005-03-28_1364/page/12|work=The Times|date=28 March 2005|page=12}}
* {{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Kerry|date=11 August 1987|title=Cash store on whisky ship wreck|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_japan-times_1987-08-11_31808/page/3|work=The Times|date=11 August 1987|page=3}}
* {{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Kerry|date=16 December 1989|title=Blow for Whisky Galore salvage|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_los-angeles-times_1989-12-16/page/2|work=The Times|date=16 December 1989|page=2}}
* {{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=Karin|last2=Day|first2=Peter|date=27 March 2005|title=Whisky Galore locals used violence to guard their loot|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/whisky-galore-locals-used-violence-to-guard-their-loot-rz6j9f6npsq|work=The Sunday Times|date=27 March 2005}}
* {{cite news|date=16 September 2020|title=I'll drink to that ... Whisky Galore bottle earns diver £9,200 at sale|work=The Herald|date=16 September 2020|page=7|ref={{sfnRef|"I'll drink to that ... Whisky Galore bottle earns diver £9,200 at sale". ''The Herald''}}}}
* {{cite news|last1=Macnab|first1=Geoffrey|date=5 July 2016|title=A Toast to whimsy and nostalgia|work=The Independent|date=5 July 2016|page=41}}
* {{cite news|date=26 January 1924|title=Manchester shipping|work=The Manchester Guardian|date=26 January 1924|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; January 1924}}}}
* {{cite news|date=30 March 1928|title=Manchester shipping|work=The Manchester Guardian|date=30 March 1928|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"Manchester shipping". ''The Manchester Guardian''; March 1928}}}}
* {{cite news|date=25 November 1993|title=Money galore for booty|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_1993-11-25/page/6|work=The Times|date=25 November 1993|page=6|ref={{sfnRef|"Money galore for booty". ''The Times''}}}}
* {{cite news|date=22 December 1924|title=Must eat humble pie|work=The Gazette|date=22 December 1924|location=Montreal|page=10|ref={{sfnRef|"Must eat humble pie". ''The Gazette''}}}}
* {{cite news|last1=O'Brien|first1=E. D.|date=13 July 1963|title=A literary lounger|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_illustrated-london-news_1963-07-13_243_6467/page/70|work=Illustrated London News|date=13 July 1963|page=70}}
* {{cite news|last1=Partridge|first1=Frank|date=3 March 2007|title=Complete guide to the Western Isles|work=The Independent|date=3 March 2007|page=18}}
* {{cite news|last1=Rule|first1=Vera|date=8 January 1991|title=Television and radio: watching brief|work=The Guardian|date=8 January 1991|page=36}}
* {{cite news|date=20 January 1990|title=A tot of whisky galore under the floor|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_japan-times_1990-01-20_30_3/page/1|work=The Times|date=20 January 1990|page=1|ref={{sfnRef|"A tot of whisky galore under the floor". ''The Times''}}}}
* {{cite news|last1=Turpin|first1=Adrian|last2=Day|first2=Peter|date=27 March 2005|title=Ecosse: looting galore|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ecosse-looting-galore-dhk8c33gb7j|work=The Sunday Times|date=27 March 2005}}
* {{cite news|last1=Tweedie|first1=Neil|date=26 January 2001|title=Banknotes galore after whisky ship hit the rocks|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1319533/Banknotes-galore-after-whisky-ship-hit-the-rocks.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=26 January 2001}}
* {{cite news|date=7 May 2013|title=Whisky from wreck fetches pounds galore|work=The Times|date=7 May 2013|page=8|ref={{sfnRef|"Whisky from wreck fetches pounds galore". ''The Times''}}}}
 
====Internet====
* {{cite web|title=Abbreviations|url=https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/abbreviation|website=Miramar Ship Index|access-date=16 September 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"Abbreviations". ''Miramar Ship Index''}}}}
* {{cite web|title=After the Stranding|url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/archive/displays/politician/stranding.aspx|publisher=Merseyside Maritime Museum|access-date=7 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"After the Stranding". Merseyside Maritime Museum}}}}
* {{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Gregory|date=2018|title=The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/ukearncpi/|publisher=MeasuringWorth|access-date=30 January 2018|publisher=MeasuringWorth|date=2018}}
* {{cite web|title=Customs and Excise take a different view|url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/archive/displays/politician/customs.aspx|publisher=Merseyside Maritime Museum|access-date=11 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"Customs and Excise". Merseyside Maritime Museum}}}}
* {{cite ship register|register=MSI|id=1146553|shipname=Feliciana|access-date=1 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|''Feliciana'', ship 1146553}}}}
Baris 89 ⟶ 105:
* {{cite web|title=The SS Politician Profile|url=https://scotchwhisky.com/whiskypedia/2891/the-ss-politician/|website=scotchwhisky.com|access-date=19 August 2019|ref={{sfnRef|"The SS Politician Profile". scotchwhisky.com}}}}
 
====JurnalJournals====
* {{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=Douglas A.|date=December 1971|title=The ''Politician'' Notes of Jamaica|journal=International Bank Note Society Journal|date=December 1971|volume=11|issue=2}}
* {{cite ODNB|last1=Wallace|first1=Gavin|title=Mackenzie, Sir (Edward Montague Anthony) Compton: (1883–1972)|date=6 January 2011|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31392}}
 
====LainnyaOther====
* {{cite AV media|titlelast=DistillingCooper|first=Derek|author-link=Derek WhiskyCooper Galore!(journalist)|date=8 January 1991|lasttitle=CooperDistilling Whisky Galore!|firstmedium=DerekTelevision production|publisher=Channel 4|author-link=Derek Cooper (journalist)|ref={{sfnRef|''Distilling Whisky Galore!'', 8 January 1991}}|medium=Television production}}
* {{cite book|yeartitle=2010Important British and World Paper Money|url=https://archive.org/details/britishpapermoneysept2010dixn/page/n71|titleyear=Important British and World Paper Money|location=London2010|publisher=[[Dix Noonan Webb]]|location=London|ref={{sfnRef|''Important British and World Paper Money''. Dix Noonan Webb|2010}}<!-- Archived online catalogue -->|url-status=live}}
* {{cite hansard|jurisdiction=United Kingdom|house=House of Commons|date=20 December 1960|volume=632|column=138W|speaker=[[Malcolm Macmillan|Macmillan, Malcolm]]|position=MP|ref={{sfnRef|Malcolm Macmillan (20 December 1960)}}}}{{refend}}
* {{cite act|legislature=Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|title=Merchant Shipping Act|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1894/60/pdfs/ukpga_18940060_en.pdf|year=1894|ref={{sfnRef|Merchant Shipping Act 1894}}|type=Undang-Undang}}
{{refend}}
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Politician}}
[[Kategori:Kapal kargo]]
[[Kategori:Kapal dagang Britania Raya]]
[[Kategori:Kapal karam Perang Dunia II di Samudera Atlantik]]
[[Kategori:Insiden maritim pada Februari 1941]]
[[Kategori:1941 di Skotlandia]]
[[Kategori:Penjarahan]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Hebrides Luar]]