Penyorotan pers pada genosida Armenia: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k ~cite |
|||
(10 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 4:
[[Genosida Armenia]] diliput secara luas di komunitas internasional dan di banyak publikasi seperti majalah, surat kabar, buku, dan memoar.<ref name="presscoverage">{{Cite web|title=Press Coverage of the Armenian Genocide|url=http://www.armenian-genocide.org/press.html|publisher=Armenian National Institute}}</ref> Beberapa organisasi, seperti [[Yayasan Timur Dekat|Near East Foundation]], menggunakan media dan surat kabar untuk mengangkat penderitaan orang-orang Armenia.<ref name="babkenian">{{Cite journal|last=Babkenian|first=Vicken|date=Fall 2012|title=Stories of "International Goodness" during the Armenian Genocide|url=http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/Home/GPNISSUES/Issue11Fall2012/tabid/185/ctl/DisplayArticle/mid/1113/aid/599/Default.aspx|journal=Genocide Prevention Now|issue=11}}</ref> Namun, setelah Perang Dunia I berakhir, genosida Armenia mendapat sedikit liputan pers selama paruh pertama abad ke-20. Liputan dan diskusi publik dilanjutkan pada kuartal terakhir abad ke-20 dan berlanjut hingga abad ke-21.<ref name="presscoverage" />
Diskusi pers dan foto-foto sangat penting dalam mendidik masyarakat tentang Genosida.<ref name="museum">{{Cite web|title=Armenian Genocide: frontpage coverage in the foreign media|url=http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/online_exhibition_5.php|publisher=Genocide Museum}}</ref><ref name="panarmenian">{{Cite news|date=June 24, 2009|title=Online exhibition on front-page coverage of Armenian Genocide opened|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/society/news/33279/|work=PanArmenian.net|quote=Publications with particular photos are predominantly remarkable for they convey valuable information about genocide as a phenomenon, its process and consequences.}}</ref> Liputan pers juga dianggap berharga dan penting karena merupakan [[Sumber primer|sumber utama]] dari apa yang diketahui secara luas pada saat itu.<ref name="kloian">{{Cite book|last=Kloian|first=Richard|year=1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OptAAAAMAAJ|title=The Armenian genocide: news accounts from the American press, 1915-1922|publisher=Anto Printing}}</ref> Selama periode waktu tersebut, banyak pers global mengutuk sifat pembantaian tersebut dan meminta bantuan dari orang-orang Armenia. Cakupan genosida Armenia dilakukan oleh banyak orang di seluruh dunia dan seringkali serupa ketika menggambarkan pembantaian tersebut. <ref name="genocidewatch">{{Cite news|title=Armenian National Institute Announces Major Expansion of its Website on the Armenian Genocide|url=http://www.genocidewatch.org/unitedstates.html|work=Genocide Watch|access-date=2022-12-23|archive-date=2019-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030184321/http://www.genocidewatch.org/unitedstates.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Banyak surat kabar terkenal berbahasa Inggris seperti ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ''[[Los Angeles Times|The Los Angeles Times]]'', ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', ''[[Toronto Star|The Toronto Star]]'', ''[[Lembaran Montreal|The Montreal Gazette]]'', dan lainnya juga melaporkan secara luas tentang peristiwa tersebut. Diyakini bahwa ''The New York Times'' menerbitkan ribuan artikel yang berkaitan dengan pembantaian Armenia antara tahun 1894-1922 dan 124 artikel pada tahun 1915 saja. <ref name="kloian" /> <ref name="Minnesota1">{{Cite web|last=Tellalian Kyrkostas|first=Margaret C.|title=U.S. Media Coverage|url=http://www.chgs.umn.edu/museum/exhibitions/homememories/usCoverage.html|publisher=University of Minnesota: Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies}}</ref> Beberapa negara, seperti Australia, sangat bergantung pada kantor berita di Eropa untuk informasi mereka. <ref name="australian">{{Cite journal|last=Kateb|first=Vahe|year=2003|title=Australian press coverage of the Armenian genocide 1915-1923|url=http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=0&article=1215&context=theses&type=additional|publisher=University of Wollongong|access-date=2022-12-23|archive-date=2018-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410134243/http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=0&article=1215&context=theses&type=additional|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tercatat bahwa surat kabar seperti ''The Washington Post'' dan ''The New York Times'' melaporkan pembantaian Armenia hampir setiap hari selama lebih dari setahun. <ref name="ashford">{{Cite book|last=Ashford|first=Karen|year=2012|title="The Globe"'s representation of the Armenian genocide and Canada's acknowledgement|publisher=University of Windsor (Canada)|isbn=9780494772485}}</ref> Cakupannya terutama mencakup laporan oleh koresponden, pelancong, dan konsul atau duta besar dari berbagai negara yang berbasis di berbagai wilayah Kekaisaran Ottoman. Selain itu, laporan terperinci datang dari para misionaris yang menyaksikan pembantaian tersebut dan berusaha membantu anak yatim piatu dan penyintas lainnya. Liputan pers lokal di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah sebagian besar berasal dari ''[[Takvim-i Vekayi]]'', lembaran resmi pemerintah Utsmaniyah. Selama [[Pengadilan militer Turki 1919–20|Pengadilan Militer Turki tahun 1919–1920]], surat kabar tersebut menjadi sangat penting karena melaporkan pemeriksaan silang pejabat Turki dan putusan pengadilan yang menghukum mati [[Mehmet Talat Pasha|Talat]], [[Enver Pasha|Enver]], dan [[Djemal Pasha|Cemal]] [[Paşa|Pasha]] atas peran mereka dalam pembantaian terhadap orang Armenia.
Istilah-istilah seperti "pembantaian", "dibunuh", "dibunuh", "dibantai", "pembantaian sistematis", "pemusnahan", "kekejaman", dan "kejahatan perang" digunakan sebagai pengganti "genosida" selama periode tersebut, sebagaimana [[Raphael Lemkin]] menciptakan istilah "genosida" lama kemudian pada tahun 1943.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lemkin|first=Raphael|year=2008|title=Raphael Lemkin's dossier on the Armenian genocide : Turkish massacres of Armenians : (manuscript from Raphael Lemkin's collection, American Jewish Historical Society)|location=Glendale, Calif.|publisher=Center for Armenian Remembrance|isbn=978-0977715343|editor-last=Michael J. Bazyler}}</ref><ref name="tennessee">{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jessica L.|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ychpVCwsFCoC|title=Through the Eyes of the "Post": American Media Coverage of the Armenian Genocide|publisher=East Tennessee State University|isbn=978-1109213805}}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Namun, selama masa inilah stereotip sering muncul yang lebih menyukai penderitaan orang Armenia daripada orang Turki.
Pameran yang diadakan oleh Museum Genosida Armenia di [[Yerevan]] telah diadakan di Denmark, Lebanon, Swedia, dan Amerika Serikat menampilkan banyak majalah dari pers internasional yang berasal dari tahun 1860 hingga 1922. <ref name="exhibition">{{Cite news|date=May 2, 2012|title="The Armenian Genocide: Frontpage Coverage in the Foreign Media" Exhibition in Beirut, Lebanon|url=http://massispost.com/archives/6288|work=Massis Post}}</ref> Ada juga banyak penelitian dan buku yang diterbitkan tentang liputan pers tentang Genosida termasuk: " ''El Genocidio armenio en la prensa del Uruguay, año 1915'' " (The Uruguayan Press of 1915 on the Genocide of Armenians) oleh Daniel Karamanoukian, " ''Le Genocide Armenien dans la presse Canadian'' " (The Armenian Genocide in the Canadian Press) oleh [[Federasi Pemuda Armenia]] Kanada, " ''The Armenian Genocide: News Accounts From the American Press 1915-1922'' " oleh Richard G. Kloian, " ''The Armenian Genocide as Reported di Pers Australia'' " oleh Vahe Kateb, " ''Heralding of the Armenian Genocide: Reports in The Halifax Herald, 1894-1922'' " oleh Katia Minas Peltekian, "Representasi ''"The Globe" tentang genosida Armenia dan pengakuan Kanada'' " oleh Karen Ashford, " ''Melalui Mata "Post": Liputan Media Amerika tentang Genosida Armenia oleh Jessica L. Taylor'' " dan lainnya. <ref name="tennessee2">{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jessica L.|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ychpVCwsFCoC|title=Through the Eyes of the "Post": American Media Coverage of the Armenian Genocide|publisher=East Tennessee State University|isbn=978-1109213805}}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Gerald Ottenbreit, Jr.|date=February 19, 2011|title=Before the Silence|url=http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/bts/index.html#2|publisher=University of Michigan|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100819160106/http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/bts/index.html#2|archive-date=August 19, 2010|access-date=July 24, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Daftar ==
Termasuk dalam daftar ini adalah contoh artikel surat kabar yang diterbitkan ulang oleh berbagai sumber sekunder. Daftar ini juga mencakup liputan pers tentang pembantaian sebelum genosida Armenia seperti [[Pembantaian Hamid|pembantaian Hamidian dan pembantaian]] [[Pembantaian Adana|Adana]] . Pembantaian ini dipandang oleh para sarjana sebagai awal dari proses pemusnahan orang-orang Armenia yang sebagian besar memuncak dalam proses akhir genosida pada tahun 1915.
=== Pembantaian Hamidian dan pra-Revolusi Turki Muda ===
Baris 38:
* 7 Desember 1894, ''Bismarck Weekly Tribune'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042588/1894-12-07/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Pengungsi Armenia.]"
* 17 Desember 1894, ''Transkrip Malam Boston'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9gI0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=VCMIAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=5782%2C4093991 Pembantaian Armenia itu.]"
==== 1895 ====
[[Berkas:ArmenianGenocideSecolo.jpg|jmpl|''Il Secolo Illustrato'', Italia]]
* 14 Januari 1895, ''New York Times'', " [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/01/14/102443354.pdf Yang Terburuk Tidak Diberitahukan; Pembantaian Armenia Dijelaskan oleh Pdt.] [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/01/14/102443354.pdf George H. Filian.] [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/01/14/102443354.pdf Kekejaman Mengerikan Orang Kurdi.] [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/01/14/102443354.pdf Masih Banyak Kekejaman yang Memuakkan Diramalkan -- Penolakan Turki Dinyatakan Salah -- Masa Depan Armenia.] "
* 16 Januari 1895, ''New York Times'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20130503080454/http://www.teachgenocide.org/files/Newsaccounts/Kurds%20and%20Christians,%20Some%20of%20the%20Oppressions%20and%20Cruelties%20in%20Times%20of%20Peace%20-%20NYT%20-%20Jan%2016,%201895.pdf Kurdi dan Kristen, Beberapa Penindasan dan Kekejaman di Masa Damai] "
* 3 Februari 1895, ''Los Angeles Herald'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1895-02-03/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Red Horrors in Sassoun.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1895-02-03/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Kekejaman di Armenia Tidak Dibesar-besarkan.] "
* 28 Februari 1895, ''The Halifax Herald'', "Pembantaian Mengerikan: Pasukan Turki yang berbahaya membunuh 360 orang Armenia dari segala usia dan jenis kelamin." <ref name="peltekian4">{{Cite news|last=Peltekian|first=Katia M.|date=April 23, 2008|title=Daily Newspaper Reporting of The Armenian Genocide: Could They All Be Wrong?|url=http://www.groong.org/orig/kp-20080424.html|work=Groong News Site}}</ref>
* 16 Maret 1895, ''New York Times'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20130503080609/http://www.teachgenocide.org/files/Newsaccounts/Persecution%20of%20the%20Armenians%20and%20Kurdish%20Fiendish%20Cruelty%20-%20NYT%20-%20Mar%2016,%2019,%201895.pdf Penganiayaan terhadap orang-orang Armenia] "
* 16 Maret 1895, ''New York Times'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20130503080609/http://www.teachgenocide.org/files/Newsaccounts/Persecution%20of%20the%20Armenians%20and%20Kurdish%20Fiendish%20Cruelty%20-%20NYT%20-%20Mar%2016,%2019,%201895.pdf Kekejaman Fiendish Kurdi] "
* 25 Maret 1895, ''New York Times'', [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/03/25/103364057.pdf "Delapan Ribu Dibantai: Kengerian pembantaian Armenia baru mulai disadari oleh Dunia."] <ref name="peltekian4" />
* 29 Mei 1895, ''Los Angeles Times'', " [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/321882592.html?dids=321882592:321882592&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+29%2C+1895&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=THE+ARMENIAN+HORRORS.&pqatl=google Kengerian Armenia.]{{Pranala mati|date=November 2022}} "
* 13 Juni 1895, ''The Halifax Herald'', "Kekejaman Turki: Kisah-kisah menyedihkan tentang penjarahan, pembakaran, penyiksaan, dan pembunuhan." <ref name="peltekian4" />
* 5 Agustus 1895, ''L'Univers Illustre'', [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/08.jpg "Seorang Armenia yang digantung, Konstantinopel"] <ref name="museum2">{{Cite web|title=Armenian Genocide: frontpage coverage in the foreign media|url=http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/online_exhibition_5.php|publisher=Genocide Museum}}</ref>
* 5 September 1895, ''New York Times'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221115/http://www.teachgenocide.org/files/Newsaccounts/NYT%20Articles/NYT%20Article%20-%20Sep%205%20%26%2010%2C%201895.pdf Rustem Pasha Terharu] "
* 10 September 1895, ''New York Times'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221115/http://www.teachgenocide.org/files/Newsaccounts/NYT%20Articles/NYT%20Article%20-%20Sep%205%20%26%2010%2C%201895.pdf Holocaust Armenia Lain, Lima Desa Dibakar, Lima Ribu Orang Menjadi Tunawisma, dan Anti-Kristen Diorganisir] "
* 10 September 1895, ''[[Elang Harian Brooklyn|Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20140204040118/http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=BEagle&BaseHref=BEG%2F1895%2F09%2F10&PageLabelPrint=&EntityId=Ar00611&ViewMode=GIF&GZ=T The Armenian Outrages] "
* 13 September 1895, ''[[Jurnal Le Petit (koran)|Le Petit Journal]]'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/img/Hamidian-atrocities-1894-1896/08.jpg Pembantaian Armenia di Konstantinopel: Pengumpulan mayat para korban, jalanan Galata] "
* 5 Oktober 1895, ''The Salt Lake Herald'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1895-10-05/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Adegan di Gereja.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1895-10-05/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Mereka Memilukan dan Menyedihkan dalam Ekstrim.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1895-10-05/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Kekejaman Armenia.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1895-10-05/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Simpati Amerika Sangat Dibutuhkan] "
* 27 Oktober 1895, ''Il Secolo Illustrato'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/img/Hamidian-atrocities-1894-1896/09.jpg Pembantaian Armenia di Konstantinopel] "
* 17 November 1895, ''Sunday Herald'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D2omAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AAAGAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20murdered%20in%20turkey&pg=6688%2C5097657 Orang-orang Armenia Dibunuh.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D2omAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AAAGAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20murdered%20in%20turkey&pg=6688%2C5097657 Di Bawah naungan Turki 5.000 Lebih Telah Dibantai.] "
* 17 November 1895, ''Il Secolo Illustrato'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/06.jpg Sultan Merah] " <ref name="museum2" />
* 19 November 1895, ''Seruan San Francisco'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1895-11-19/ed-1/seq-9.pdf Kejahatan Mengejutkan Orang Turki yang Mengerikan] "
* 29 November 1895, ''Vermont Phoenix'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042588/1894-12-07/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Kekejaman Armenia Masih Berlanjut] "
* 4 Desember 1895, ''Telegraf Semi-Mingguan Chenango'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=saxZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=40kNAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20murdered&pg=4661%2C6645752 Dua Pembantaian Lagi.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=saxZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=40kNAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20murdered&pg=4661%2C6645752 Ribuan orang Armenia Dibunuh di Marash] "
* 14 Desember 1895, ''Harpers Weekly'', "Pembantaian Armenia-Mengubur Para Korban" <ref name="Minnesota12">{{Cite web|last=Tellalian Kyrkostas|first=Margaret C.|title=U.S. Media Coverage|url=http://www.chgs.umn.edu/museum/exhibitions/homememories/usCoverage.html|publisher=University of Minnesota: Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies}}</ref>
==== 1896 ====
[[Berkas:Armenianmassacresgalata.jpg|jmpl|Pembantaian Armenia di Konstantinopel. Pengumpulan jenazah korban, jalan Galata di majalah Prancis ''[[Le Petit Parisien]]'', 13 September 1896]]
* 1896, ''Le Musée de Sires'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/27.jpg Abdul Hamid II, Sultan Merah] " <ref name="museum3">{{Cite web|title=Armenian Genocide: frontpage coverage in the foreign media|url=http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/online_exhibition_5.php|publisher=Genocide Museum}}</ref>
* 25 Januari 1896, ''Salt Lake Herald'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1896-01-25/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Pembantaian Armenia] "
* 12 Februari 1896, ''Penonton Staunton'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024718/1896-02-12/ed-1/seq-4.pdf Kekejaman Armenia] "
* 24 Februari 1896, ''The Los Angeles Herald'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1896-02-24/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Kekejaman Armenia.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1896-02-24/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Tidak Diakhiri oleh Pekerja Komisi.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1896-02-24/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Investigasi Lucu.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1896-02-24/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Hanya Terdiri dari Ancaman Pemusnahan.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1896-02-24/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Orang Armenia Dimiskinkan - Kelaparan dan Dingin Dapat Menyelesaikan Pekerjaan yang Dimulai dengan Pedang.] "
* 20 Mei 1896, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_OBjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pZEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=5590%2C6719432 Pembantaian Armenia.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_OBjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pZEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=5590%2C6719432 Detail Mengerikan.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_OBjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pZEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=5590%2C6719432 Delapan Ribu Dibantai.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_OBjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pZEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=5590%2C6719432 Tiga Ribu Dipanggang Hidup-hidup.] "
* 23 Mei 1896, ''The Sydney Mail'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9wFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OpUDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=3937%2C5042468 Pembantaian Armenia.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9wFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OpUDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=3937%2C5042468 Detail Mengerikan.] "
* 29 Agustus 1896, ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20140204041059/http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=BEagle&BaseHref=BEG%2F1896%2F08%2F29&PageLabelPrint=&EntityId=Ar00103&ViewMode=GIF&GZ=T Detail Pembantaian] "
* 30 Agustus 1896, ''The Philadelphia Record'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1ehTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3zgNAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20millions%20murdered&pg=6632%2C7082132 Turkey Must Explain.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1ehTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3zgNAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20millions%20murdered&pg=6632%2C7082132 Perdamaian Eropa Terancam oleh Kebijakan Sultan Armenia.] "
* 24 Oktober 1896, ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', " [https://web.archive.org/web/20140204041748/http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=BEagle&BaseHref=BEG%2F1896%2F10%2F24&PageLabelPrint=&EntityId=Ar00613&ViewMode=GIF&GZ=T Pembunuhan Orang Armenia] "
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Education.44/current_category.120/resourceguide_detail.html Genosida Armenia — Akun Berita dari Pers Amerika: 1915-1922] di
* [http://www.chgs.umn.edu/histories/armenian/mnNews/index.html Laporan Surat Kabar Minnesota Tentang Genosida Armenia, 22-1915] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526074811/http://chgs.umn.edu/histories/armenian/mnNews/index.html |date=2016-05-26 }} Archived di [[Universitas Minnesota]]
* Nora Arissian, [https://books.google.com/books?id=CB4Bh0-zrgoC&pg=PA303&dq=armenian+genocide+in+newspapers&hl=en&sa=X&ei=anPSUdGJK8SniAKQkIEg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=armenian%20genocide%20in%20newspapers&f=false Genosida Armenia dalam pers Suriah] di
* Vahakn Dadrian, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-YUhAQAAIAAJ&q= Dokumentasi Genosida Armenia dalam Sumber Turki], Institut Holocaust dan Genosida, 1991
* {{cite book|year=1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9ttAAAAMAAJ|title=The Armenian genocide as reported in the Australian press|publisher=Armenian National Committee of Australia|isbn=9780959256901}}
==== 1897 ====
* 14 Maret 1897, ''[[La Libre Parole]]'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/5a.jpg Pembantaian baru di Armenia] ", halaman 1. <ref name="museum4">{{Cite web|title=Armenian Genocide: frontpage coverage in the foreign media|url=http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/online_exhibition_5.php|publisher=Genocide Museum}}</ref>
* 27 Maret 1897, ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XfRhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xZEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=5674%2C1819204 Pembantaian Armenia.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XfRhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xZEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=5674%2C1819204 Apatisme Otoritas Turki] ", halaman 5.
* 3 April 1897, ''The Sydney Mail'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7AdQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gJUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2937%2C3472667 Pembantaian Lebih Banyak Orang Armenia.] ", halaman 7.
* 29 Mei 1897, ''Le Rire'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/27a.jpg Abdul Hamid II, Sultan Merah] ", halaman 1. <ref name="museum4" />
==== 1898 ====
* 5 Agustus 1898, ''The Glasgow Herald'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hk0_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=OUwMAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=2166%2C3253276 Pembantaian Armenia] ", halaman 9.
==== 1900 ====
* 19 Januari 1900, ''Pengiklan Nebraska'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/2010270508/1900-01-19/ed-1/seq-7/#words=ARMENIAN+MASSACRES Pembantaian Lebih Banyak Armenia.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/2010270508/1900-01-19/ed-1/seq-7/#words=ARMENIAN+MASSACRES Beberapa Buronan Tahun 1895 Kembali ke Turki dan Pertumpahan Darah Segera Menyusul.] ", halaman 7.
* 2 Februari 1900, ''Transkrip Malam Boston'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yZY-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=2lkMAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=3846%2C3765783 Pembantaian Umum Ditakuti.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yZY-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=2lkMAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=3846%2C3765783 Teror di Antara Orang Kristen di Turki] ", halaman 12.
* 2 Februari 1900, ''The Meriden Daily Journal'', Connecticut, " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zgJJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=egINAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=1627%2C5424802 Rencana Pembantaian Orang Turki Lainnya] ", halaman 1.
* 10 Agustus 1900, ''Republik St. Louis'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020274/1900-08-10/ed-1/seq-1/#words=MASSACRE+ARMENIANS Pembantaian Orang Armenia Atas Perintah Seorang Turki.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020274/1900-08-10/ed-1/seq-1/#words=MASSACRE+ARMENIANS Dua Ratus Pria, Wanita dan Anak-anak di Distrik Sassun Dibantai oleh Kota Kurdi untuk Dibakar.] ", Halaman 1.
* 10 Agustus 1900, ''New York Tribune'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1900-08-10/ed-1/seq-9/#words=ARMENIANS+KILLED Lebih Banyak Orang Armenia Dibunuh.] ", halaman 9
* 17 Agustus 1900, ''The McCook Tribune'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn94056415/1900-08-17/ed-1/seq-7/#words=Armenian+IMastwcres Pembantaian Lebih Banyak Orang Armenia.] ", halaman 7.
* 21 Oktober 1900, ''New York Times'', " [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/10/21/102618857.pdf Pembantaian Armenia yang Mengerikan.] [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/10/21/102618857.pdf Penjarahan, Kemarahan, dan Pembunuhan Mussulman Tak Terkendali Selama Lima Hari—Delapan Desa Hancur.] "
* 21 Oktober 1900, ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', "Pembantaian mengerikan terhadap orang-orang Armenia terjadi di distrik Diarbekir." <ref name="peltekian5">{{Cite news|last=Peltekian|first=Katia M.|date=April 23, 2008|title=Daily Newspaper Reporting of The Armenian Genocide: Could They All Be Wrong?|url=http://www.groong.org/orig/kp-20080424.html|work=Groong News Site}}</ref>
==== 1901 ====
* 30 Agustus 1901, ''Panggilan San Francisco'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1901-08-30/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Kurdi Akan Terus Membantai Orang Armenia] "
* 30 Agustus 1901, ''Jurnal Berita Mingguan Norfolk'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85052116/1904-05-14/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Memusnahkan Orang Armenia] "
* 6 September 1901, ''The McCook Tribune'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn94056415/1901-09-06/ed-1/seq-6/#words=Armenians+EXAMINATION Sistem Pemusnahan.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn94056415/1901-09-06/ed-1/seq-6/#words=Armenians+EXAMINATION Turki Mulai Sekali Lagi Pembantaian Orang Armenia.] "
* 14 Desember 1901, ''New York Times'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7AdQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gJUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2937%2C3472667 Pembantaian Armenia Ditakuti.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7AdQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gJUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2937%2C3472667 Laporan Dewan Amerika Mengatakan Pengulangan Pembantaian 1894 Mungkin Terjadi.]"
==== 1902 ====
* 16 April 1902, ''Catatan Harian Jennings'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88064676/1902-04-16/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Pembantaian Orang Armenia]"
==== 1903 ====
* 29 April 1903, ''The Spokane Press'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085947/1903-04-29/ed-1/seq-4.pdf Sultan Kembali Memerintahkan Pembantaian Armenia] "
* 29 April 1903, ''The Washington Times'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1903-04-29/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Sultan Memerintahkan Pembantaian.] "
* 29 April 1903, ''Jurnal Harian'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87093220/1903-05-04/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Sultan's Counter Irritant.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87093220/1903-05-04/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Membunuh orang Armenia Akan Mengurangi Perhatian.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87093220/1903-05-04/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Orang Kurdi Menyerang Orang Armenia yang Melarikan Diri Melintasi Perbatasan Rusia dan Orang Turki Melawan Cossack] "
* 1 Mei 1903, ''Demokrat Stark County'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84028490/1903-05-01/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Sultan Mengeluarkan Dekrit Berdarah.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84028490/1903-05-01/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Menginstruksikan Sekutunya untuk Memperbaharui, Pembantaian Armenia, Yang Mengejutkan Dunia Beberapa Tahun Lalu-Pertunangan Pembunuhan.] "
* 4 Mei 1903, ''Aberdeen Herald'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87093220/1903-05-04/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Sultan Mengatakan Telah Memerintahkan Pembantaian Umat Kristen di Armenia.] "
* 13 November 1903, ''Baltimore Morning Herald'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vkFFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s7sMAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=1230%2C1077122 Band Armenia Dibantai Oleh Orang Turki] "
* 13 November 1903, ''Kronik Harian Spokane'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EKpXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5fMDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=5609%2C1579182 Penjagalan dengan Darah Dingin]"
==== 1904 ====
* 9 Mei 1904, ''Republik St. Louis'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020274/1904-05-09/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Memanggil Amerika untuk Membantu Orang Armenia.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020274/1904-05-09/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Kebijakan Turki adalah Kekejaman.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020274/1904-05-09/ed-1/seq-2.pdf Pemusnahan Umat Kristiani Jalan Sengaja Dipilih Sultan untuk Menyelesaikan Masalah.] "
* 13 Mei 1904, ''Hari Itu'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QPsoAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KnMFAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=5292%2C985589 Orang Turki Memusnahkan Orang Armenia.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QPsoAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KnMFAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=5292%2C985589 Pasukan Praktis Memusnahkan Semua di Pegunungan Sassoun] "
* 13 Mei 1904, ''The Lewiston Daily Sun'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WrsgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oGkFAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=3441%2C5269309 Kekejaman Turki.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WrsgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oGkFAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=3441%2C5269309 Desa Dibakar dan Orang Dibunuh di Sassoun] "
* 13 Mei 1904, ''The Deseret News'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AlYwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C1QDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=3974%2C1119679 Laporan Kekejaman Turki Dikonfirmasi] "
* 13 Mei 1904, ''[[Waktu Tacoma|The Tacoma Times]]'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1904-05-13/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Orang Armenia Dibunuh.] "
* 14 Mei 1904, ''Konstitusi Atlanta'', " [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/ajc_historic/access/561109182.html?dids=561109182:561109182&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=May+14%2C+1904&author=&pub=The+Atlanta+Constitution&desc=TURK%27S+SWORDS+RED+WITH+BLOOD&pqatl=google Pedang Turki Merah Dengan Darah]{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} "
* 14 Mei 1904, ''Washington Post'', "Orang-orang Sassoun Armenia praktis dimusnahkan oleh Turki" <ref name="peltekian6">{{Cite news|last=Peltekian|first=Katia M.|date=April 23, 2008|title=Daily Newspaper Reporting of The Armenian Genocide: Could They All Be Wrong?|url=http://www.groong.org/orig/kp-20080424.html|work=Groong News Site}}</ref>
* 14 Mei 1904, ''[[Matahari Paducah|The Paducah Sun]]'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85052116/1904-05-14/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Banyak Orang Armenia Dibunuh oleh Orang Turki] "
* 19 Mei 1904, ''The Weekly Guernsey Times'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3JVXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vEQNAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20killed&pg=1040%2C926954 Memusnahkan Orang Armenia.] "
* 29 Mei 1904, ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', "Orang-orang Turki dikatakan telah menghancurkan empat puluh tiga desa dan membantai penduduknya" <ref name="peltekian6" />
* 9 Juni 1904, ''New York Times'', " [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/06/10/120269095.pdf Prancis Memperingatkan Turki.; Kekejaman di Armenia Harus Dihentikan - Delcasse Menceritakan Investigasi.] "
* 13 Juni 1904, ''The Spokane Press'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87078321/1904-08-03/ed-1/seq-6.pdf 2000 Orang Armenia Dibantai] "
* 16 Juni 1904, ''Mansfield Daily Shield'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qGtZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=skgNAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenians%20murdered&pg=5355%2C3937603 3.000 orang Armenia Dibunuh oleh Orang Turki.] "
* 30 Juni 1904, ''Lembaran Montreal'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oqE0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=34QFAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=6016%2C6267708 Pembantaian Armenia.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oqE0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=34QFAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=6016%2C6267708 Kekejaman Mengerikan yang Dilakukan Oleh Tentara Turki] "
* 4 Juli 1904, ''New York Times'', " [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/07/04/100472228.pdf Pembantaian Umum Armenia.] [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/07/04/100472228.pdf Dilaporkan Telah Dimulai di Provinsi Van -- Pelancong Dibunuh.] "
* 6 Juli 1904, ''[[Jurnal Minneapolis|The Minneapolis Journal]]'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1904-07-06/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Roosevelt May Aid Armenians.] [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1904-07-06/ed-1/seq-3.pdf Langkah-Langkah untuk Mencegah Pembantaian Lebih Lanjut Dipertimbangkan—Cranks Mengancam Presiden.] "
* 25 Juli 1904, ''The Spokane Press'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085947/1904-07-25/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Orang Armenia Dibantai Oleh Grosir] "
* 3 Agustus 1904, ''Bintang'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87078321/1904-08-03/ed-1/seq-6.pdf Lebih Banyak Orang Armenia Dibantai]"
==== 1906 ====
* 11 Mei 1906, ''The Hawaiian Gazette'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1906-05-11/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Armenia Dibunuh Oleh Turki.] "
==== 1907 ====
* 26 November 1907, ''The Marion Daily Mirror'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88077573/1907-11-26/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Desa Pembantaian Armenia Dibakar] "
* 29 November 1907, ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-6ZXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UPMDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=4109%2C2972377 Pembantaian Armenia Diperbaharui.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-6ZXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UPMDAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=4109%2C2972377 Ibrahim Pasha Aktif.]"
=== Pembantaian Adana ===
[[Berkas:Massacres_in_Asia_Minor,_Adana,_1909.jpg|jmpl|''Journal des Voyages'', Paris, 1909]]
==== 1909 ====
* 21 April 1909, ''New York Times'', " [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/04/21/101817175.pdf Pembantaian Muslim Mengambil 5.000 Nyawa] "
* 21 April 1909, ''Demokrat Wayne County'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ToNgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5nINAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=2724%2C109823 Bunuh Orang Kristen Di Turki Asiatik.] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ToNgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5nINAAAAIBAJ&dq=armenian%20massacres&pg=2724%2C109823 Kota Dibakar dan Tentara Tidak Berdaya untuk Menghentikan Pembantaian Orang Armenia.] "
* 22 April 1909, ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/00022.jpg Wanita dan Anak-anak Dibakar Hidup-Hidup] "
* 23 April 1909, ''New York Times'', " [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10616F93E5A12738DDDAA0A94DC405B898CF1D3 Wanita Amerika dalam Peril di Hadjin] "
* 25 April 1909, ''New York Times'', " [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/04/25/106717636.pdf 30.000 Tewas dalam Pembantaian; Perkiraan Konservatif Korban Fanatisme Turki di Adana Vilayet.] "
* 25 April 1909, ''Jurnal Pensacola'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87062268/1909-04-25/ed-1/seq-1.pdf 30.000 Tewas dalam Pembantaian Armenia] "
* 25 April 1909, ''Bismarck Daily Tribune'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042242/1909-04-25/ed-1/seq-1.pdf 30.000 diperkirakan tewas dalam pembantaian] "
* 26 April 1909, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', " [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9aYUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F7ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6006%2C1591875 Pembantaian Armenia.] "
* 29 April 1909, ''The Evening Statesman'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085421/1909-04-29/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Pembantaian Menakutkan Di Turki Berlanjut] "
* 2 Mei 1909, ''Le Pelerin'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/09.jpg Pembantaian Armenia, Adana, 1909] " <ref name="museum5">{{Cite web|title=Armenian Genocide: frontpage coverage in the foreign media|url=http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/online_exhibition_5.php|publisher=Genocide Museum}}</ref>
* 2 Mei 1909, ''Le Petit Journal'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/img/Hamidian-atrocities-1894-1896/010.jpg Pembantaian Umat Kristen di Turki] "
* 5 Mei 1909, ''Jurnal Pensacola'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87062268/1909-04-25/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Seluruh Penduduk Desa Armenia Dibantai oleh Orang Turki]
* 16–23 Mei 1909, ''La Domenica Del Corriere'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/26a.jpg Pembantaian di Turki Timur: ribuan orang Armenia dibakar hidup-hidup oleh orang Turki di dekat Gereja Katolik di Adana] " <ref name="museum5" />
* 14 Juli 1909, ''Christian Herald'', " [http://vincentart.weebly.com/uploads/8/9/4/0/8940049/4617028_orig.jpg Menyortir Pakaian di Gereja Gregorian, untuk Orang Armenia yang Melarat] "
* 18 Juli 1909, ''Journal des Voyages'', " [http://www.genocide-museum.am/eng/on-line-photos/26.jpg Pembantaian di Asia Kecil, Adana, 1909] " <ref name="museum5" />
* 22 Agustus 1909, ''New York Times'', " [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/08/22/106721473.pdf Pembantaian Umat Kristen di Asia Kecil] "
==== 1912 ====
* 9 September 1912, ''El Paso Herald'', " [http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88084272/1912-09-09/ed-1/seq-1.pdf Orang Armenia Dibantai Oleh Kurdi] "
=== Genosida Armenia ===
==== 1913 ====
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 54 ⟶ 196:
<references responsive="" />
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Media massa]]
|