Bambu: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Automatic taxobox
| authority= Luerss.
| name = Bambu
| image = BambooKyoto.jpg | image_caption = Hutan bambu di [[Kyoto]], [[Jepang]]
| diversity = >1,462 ([http://resource.inbar.int/download/showdownload.php?lang=cn&id=167759 spesies diidentifikasi]) spesies dalam 115 genera
| diversity_ref = <ref name="Kelchner2013"/>
| taxon = Bambusoideae
| subdivision_ranks = [[Tribus]]
| subdivision = * [[Arundinarieae]]
* [[Bambuseae]]
* [[Olyreae]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="SorengPeterson2015">{{cite journal |last1=Soreng |first1=Robert J. |last2=Peterson |first2=Paul M. |last3=Romaschenko |first3=Konstantin |last4=Davidse |first4=Gerrit |last5=Zuloaga |first5=Fernando O. |last6=Judziewicz |first6=Emmet J. |last7=Filgueiras |first7=Tarciso S.|last8=Davis |first8=Jerrold I. |last9=Morrone |first9=Osvaldo |title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=53 |issue=2 |year=2015 |pages=117–137 |issn=1674-4918 |doi=10.1111/jse.12150|s2cid=84052108 }} {{open access}}</ref>
| synonyms = * Olyroideae [[Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger|Pilg.]] (1956)
* Parianoideae [[Butzin]] (1965)
| fossil_range={{fossil range|55|0|earliest=99}} [[Eosen|Eosen Awal]] – Sekarang{{br}}(paling awal pada [[Kapur Akhir]])
| color={{tc2|tumbuhan}}
}}
'''Bambu''', '''buluh''', atau '''aur''' adalah [[tumbuhan berbunga]] [[tumbuhan menahun|menahun]] [[hijau abadi]]
== Taksonomi dan geografi ==
Baris 154 ⟶ 150:
== Konservasi ==
Hanya sebagian kecil (antara 50-100 spesies) bambu yang relatif aman populasinya karena telah dibudidayakan secara luas. Sementara, sekitar setengah dari jumlah spesies bambu rawan kepunahan karena kelestariannya bergantung pada keberadaan tutupan [[hutan]], yang terus menyusut hari demi hari. Sekitar 250 spesies di antaranya bahkan hanya hidup di area berhutan kurang dari 2000
Sejauh ini, [[Daftar merah IUCN]] baru mendaftar sekitar 20 spesies bambu [[Amerika]], 16 bambu [[Asia]], dan satu [[Afrika]]; tak satupun dari 25 spesies asli [[Madagaskar]], walau 10 spesies di antaranya cuma didapati pada habitat seluas kurang dari 2000 km², yang tercantum di situ.<ref name=nadia>{{aut|Bystriakova, N. & V. Kapos}}. 2006. "Bamboo diversity: the need for a Red List review". ''Tropical Conservancy'', [http://old.unep-wcmc.org/medialibrary/2010/09/29/9125ce5a/Bamboo_2006.pdf 2006: 12-6.]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Daftar Genus<ref name="GPWGII">{{cite journal |author=Grass Phylogeny Working Group II |title=New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C<sub>4</sub> origins |journal=New Phytologist |volume=193 |issue=2 |year=2012 |pages=304–312 |issn=0028-646X |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x |pmid=22115274 |hdl=2262/73271|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Kelchner2013">{{cite journal |author1=Kelchner S |author2=Bamboo Phylogeny Working Group |title=Higher level phylogenetic relationships within the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on five plastid markers |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=67 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=404–413 |url=http://www.isu.edu/~kelchner/Kelchner_Lab/Publications_files/Kelchner%26BPG_MPE2013.pdf |issn=1055-7903 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.005 |pmid=23454093 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605041641/http://www.isu.edu/~kelchner/Kelchner_Lab/Publications_files/Kelchner%26BPG_MPE2013.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2015}}</ref> ==
; Tribus Olyreae
* Subtribus Buergersiochloinae
** ''[[Buergersiochloa]]''
* Subtribus Olyrineae
** ''[[Agnesia]]''
** ''[[Arberella]]''
** ''[[Cryptochloa]]''
** ''[[Diandrolyra]]''
** ''[[Ekmanochloa]]''
** ''[[Froesiochloa]]''
** ''[[Lithachne]]''
** ''[[Maclurolyra]]''
** ''[[Mniochloa]]''
** ''[[Olyra]]''
** ''[[Parodiolyra]]''
** ''[[Piresiella]]''
** ''[[Raddia]]''
** ''[[Raddiella]]''
** ''[[Rehia]]''
** ''[[Reitzia]]''
** ''[[Sucrea]]''
* Subtribus Parianinae
** ''[[Eremitis]]''
** ''[[Pariana]]''
** ''[[Parianella]]''
; Tribus Bambuseae
* Subtribus Arthrostylidiinae
** ''[[Actinocladum]]''
** ''[[Alvimia]]''
** ''[[Arthrostylidium]]''
** ''[[Athroostachys]]''
** ''[[Atractantha]]''
** ''[[Aulonemia]]''
** ''[[Cambajuva]]''
** ''[[Colanthelia]]''
** ''[[Didymogonyx]]''
** ''[[Elytrostachys]]''
** ''[[Filgueirasia]]''
** ''[[Glaziophyton]]''
** ''[[Merostachys]]''
** ''[[Myriocladus]]''
** ''[[Rhipidocladum]]''
* Subtribus Bambusinae
** ''[[Bambusa]]''
** ''[[Bonia]]''
** ''[[Cochinchinochloa]]''
** ''[[Dendrocalamus]]''
** ''[[Fimbribambusa]]''
** ''[[Gigantochloa]]''
** ''[[Maclurochloa]]''
** ''[[Melocalamus]]''
** ''[[Neomicrocalamus]]''
** ''[[Oreobambos]]''
** ''[[Oxytenanthera]]''
** ''[[Phuphanochloa]]''
** ''[[Pseudoxytenanthera]]''
** ''[[Soejatmia]]''
** ''[[Thyrsostachys]]''
** ''[[Vietnamosasa]]''
** ''[[Yersinochloa]]''
* Subtribus Chusqueinae
** ''[[Chusquea]]''
* Subtribus Dinochloinae
** ''[[Cyrtochloa]]''
** ''[[Dinochloa]]''
** ''[[Mullerochloa]]''
** ''[[Neololeba]]''
** ''[[Pinga]]''
** ''[[Parabambusa]]''
** ''[[Sphaerobambos]]''
* Subtribus Greslaniinae
** ''[[Greslania]]''
* Subtribus Guaduinae
** ''[[Apoclada]]''
** ''[[Eremocaulon]]''
** ''[[Guadua]]''
** ''[[Olmeca]]''
** ''[[Otatea]]''
* Subtribus Hickeliinae
** ''[[Cathariostachys]]''
** ''[[Decaryochloa]]''
** ''[[Hickelia]]''
** ''[[Hitchcockella]]''
** ''[[Nastus]]''
** ''[[Perrierbambus]]''
** ''[[Sirochloa]]''
** ''[[Sokinochloa]]''
** ''[[Valiha]]''
* Subtribus Holttumochloinae
** ''[[Holttumochloa]]''
** ''[[Kinabaluchloa]]''
** ''[[Nianhochloa]]''
* Subtribus Melocanninae
** ''[[Annamocalamus]]''
** ''[[Cephalostachyum]]''
** ''[[Davidsea]]''
** ''[[Melocanna]]''
** ''[[Neohouzeaua]]''
** ''[[Ochlandra]]''
** ''[[Pseudostachyum]]''
** ''[[Schizostachyum]]''
** ''[[Stapletonia]]''
* Subtribus Racemobambosinae
** ''[[Chloothamnus]]''
** ''[[Racemobambos]]''
** ''[[Widjajachloa]]''
* Subtribus Temburongiinae
** ''[[Temburongia]]''
* incertae sedis (penempatan yang tidak pasti)
** ''[[Ruhooglandia]]''
** ''[[Temochloa]]''
; Tribus Arundinarieae
** ''[[Acidosasa]]''
** ''[[Ampelocalamus]]''
** ''[[Arundinaria]]''
** ''[[Bashania]]''
** ''[[Bergbambos]]''
** ''[[Chimonobambusa]]''
** ''[[Chimonocalamus]]''
** ''[[Drepanostachyum]]''
** ''[[Fargesia]]''
** ''[[Ferrocalamus]]''
** ''[[Gaoligongshania]]''
** ''[[Gelidocalamus]]''
** ''[[Himalayacalamus]]''
** ''[[Indocalamus]]''
** ''[[Indosasa]]''
** ''[[Kuruna]]''
** ''[[Oldeania]]''
** ''[[Oligostachyum]]''
** ''[[Phyllostachys]]''
** ''[[Pleioblastus]]''
** ''[[Pseudosasa]]''
** ''[[Sarocalamus]]''
** ''[[Sasa]]''
** ''[[Sasaella]]''
** ''[[Sasamorpha]]''
** ''[[Semiarundinaria]]''
** ''[[Shibataea]]''
** ''[[Sinobambusa]]''
** ''[[Thamnocalamus]]''
** ''[[Vietnamocalamus]]''
** ''[[Yushania]]''
== Galeri ==
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