Dekolonisasi Asia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(20 revisi perantara oleh 6 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 4:
Mundurnya Spanyol dan Portugal pada abad ke-17 telah membuka jalan bagi kekuatan Eropa lainnya, yaitu Belanda, Prancis, dan Inggris. Portugal akan kehilangan pengaruh di semua kecuali tiga koloninya, yaitu [[India Portugis|Portugis India]], [[Makau Portugis|Makau]], dan [[Timor Portugis|Timor]].
 
Pada akhir abad ke-17, Belanda telah mengambil alih sebagian besar koloni Portugis lama, dan telah membangun kehadiran yang kuat di Indonesia saat ini, dengan koloni di [[Aceh]], [[Banten]], [[Kota Makassar|Makassar]], dan [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]]. Belanda juga memiliki hubungan dagang dengan [[Siam]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang|Jepang]], [[Dinasti Qing|Cina]], dan [[Benggala|Benggala.]].
 
Inggris telah bersaing dengan Portugis, Spanyol, dan Belanda untuk kepentingan mereka di Asia sejak awal abad ke-17 dan pada pertengahan abad ke-19 menguasai sebagian besar India (melalui [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania]]), serta [[Burma Britania|Burma]], [[Sailan Britania|Ceylon]], [[Malaya Britania|Malaya]], dan [[Koloni Singapura|Singapura]]. Setelah Pemberontakan India tahun 1857, [[Victoria dari Britania Raya|Ratu Victoria]] dinyatakan sebagai Permaisuri India, dengan demikian memperkuat kekuasaan Inggris di anak benua tersebut. Akuisisi Inggris di Asia adalah [[Wilayah Baru]] Hong Kong, yang disewa dari Kaisar [[Dinasti Qing]] pada tahun 1897, memperluas koloni Inggris yang awalnya diserahkan dalam [[Perjanjian Nanking]] pada tahun 1842.
Baris 12:
Koloni Jepang yang pertama adalah [[Republik Tiongkok|Taiwan]], diduduki pada tahun 1874 dan secara resmi [[Taiwan di bawah pemerintahan Jepang|diserahkan]] oleh Kaisar [[Dinasti Qing]] pada tahun 1894. Jepang melanjutkan imperialisme awalnya dengan [[Korea di bawah Pemerintahan Jepang|aneksasi Korea]] pada tahun 1910
 
Amerika Serikat memasuki wilayah tersebut pada tahun 1898 selama [[Perang Spanyol–Amerika Serikat|Perang Spanyol-Amerika]], merebut [[Filipina]] sebagai satu-satunya koloninya melalui pertempuran pura-pura di ibukota dan pembelian Filipina dari Spanyol setelah [[Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Filipina|deklarasi kemerdekaan]] dan [[Republik Filipina Pertama|Repubilk Filipina Pertama]]. {{sejarah-stub}}
 
== Garis Waktu ==
Kolom "kekuasaan kolonial" dan "nama kolonial" digabungkan bila diperlukan untuk menunjukkan wilayah, di mana negara-negara saat ini didirikan, yang belum didekolonisasi tetapi mencapai kemerdekaan dengan cara yang berbeda.
Baris 32 ⟶ 33:
|-
| {{Flag|Yaman}}
| {{flag|MutawakkiliteKerajaan KingdomMutawakkiliyah of YemenYaman}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flag|Aden|name=Koloni Aden}}}}
| {{Flag|Kesultanan Utsmaniyah}}<br />{{Flag|Imperium Britania}}
| 1 November 1918<br /> 30 November 1967
Baris 38 ⟶ 39:
| [[Perang Dunia 1]]<br />[[Aden darurat]]
|-
| {{Flag|Mesir}}
| {{Flag|Mesir}}{{efn|As the [[Kingdom of Egypt]]. Transcontinental country, partially located in Africa.}}
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg}} [[Kesultanan Mesir]]
| {{Flag|Imperium Britania}}
| 28 Februari 1922
| 28 Februari 1922{{efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. On 28 February 1922 the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] government issued the [[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence]]. Through this declaration, the British government unilaterally ended its protectorate over Egypt and granted it nominal independence except four "reserved" areas: foreign relations, communications, the military and the [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=King |first=Joan Wucher |title=Historical Dictionary of Egypt |series=Books of Lasting Value |year=1989 |orig-year=First published 1984 |publisher=[[AUC Press|American University in Cairo Press]] |isbn=978-977-424-213-7 |pages=259–260}}</ref> The [[Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936]] reduced British involvement, but still was not welcomed by Egyptian nationalists, who wanted full independence from Britain, which was not achieved until [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|23 July 1952]]. The last British troops left Egypt after the [[Suez Crisis]] of 1956. For this, the 23 July date, celebrated as Revolution Day, serves as Egypt's national day.}}
| [[Fuad I of Egypt|Fuad I]]
| [[Fuad I of Egypt|Fuad I]]{{efn|Although the leaders of the 1952 revolution ([[Mohammed Naguib]] and [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]) became the ''de facto'' leaders of Egypt, neither would assume office until 17 September of that year when Naguib became Prime Minister, succeeding [[Aly Maher Pasha]] who was sworn in on the day of the revolution. Nasser would succeed Naguib as Prime Minister on 25 February 1954.}}
| [[Revolusi Mesir 1919]]
|-
Baris 50 ⟶ 51:
| 3 Oktober 1932
| [[Faisal I of Iraq]]
| -
| -{{efn|The [[Iraqi revolt against the British]] was an armed uprising that failed to prevent the incoming British colonisation.}}
|-
| {{Flag|Lebanon}}
| {{Flagicon image|Lebanese French flag.svg}} [[Lebanon Besar|Libanon Raya]]
| rowspan=2 | {{Flag|Prancis}}
| 22 November 1943
| [[Bechara El Khoury]]{{efn|[[Riad Al Solh]] was Prime Minister on the date of independence.}}
| –
|-
Baris 67 ⟶ 68:
| {{Flag|Indonesia}}
| {{Flag|Hindia Belanda}}<br /> {{Flag|Kekaisaran Jepang}}
| {{Flag|Belanda}}<br /> {{Flag|Jepang}}<br /> {{Flag|Britania Raya}}
| ''17 Agustus 1945''<br />27 Desember 1949{{efn|Tidak dirayakan sebagai hari libur. [[Nugini Belanda]] dipisahkan dari Hindia Belanda pada tanggal 29 Desember 1949. Menyusul pertempuran kecil antara Indonesia dan Belanda, dan [[Perjanjian New York]], Belanda mengalihkan otoritas Nugini Belanda ke protektorat PBB pada 1 Oktober 1962 dan diintegrasikan ke Indonesia pada 1 Mei 1963.}}
| [[Sukarno]]
Baris 80 ⟶ 81:
|-
| {{Flag|Yordania}}
| {{Flagdeco|TransjordanYordania}} [[EmirateKeamiran of TransjordanTransyordania|Transyordania]]
| {{Flag|Imperium Britania}}
| 25 Mei 1946
Baris 99 ⟶ 100:
| [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]
|-
| {{Flag|Bangladesh}}<br /><small>[[East Pakistan Timur|assebagai partbagian dari]] of {{flag|Pakistan}}</small>
| 14 Agustus 1947{{efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. On 16 December 1971, [[Bangladesh Liberation War|after months of fighting]] starting from 26 March of that year, Bangladesh formally seceded from Pakistan. The 26 March date is celebrated as Bangladesh's date of independence.}}
| [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]{{efn|[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] was the President on the date of Bangladesh's secession.}}
Baris 109 ⟶ 110:
|-
| {{Flag|Myanmar}}{{efn|As the [[Post-independence Burma, 1948–62|Union of Burma]].}}
|{{Flag|Jepang}}<br />{{Flag|British Burma Britania}}
|1 Agustus 1943<br />4 Januari 1948
| [[U Nu]]
Baris 115 ⟶ 116:
|-
| {{Flag|Sri Lanka}}{{efn|As the [[Dominion of Ceylon]].}}
| {{FlagFlagicon image|BritishFlag of Ceylon (1875–1948).svg}} [[Sailan Britania]]
| 4 Februari 1948<br />22 Februari 1972
| [[Don Senanayake]]
Baris 121 ⟶ 122:
|-
| {{Flag|Israel}}
| {{Flag|Mandat untukBritania atas Palestina}}
| {{Flag|Imperium Britania}}<br />{{Flag|Liga Arab}}
| 14 Mei 1948{{efn|5 Iyar 5708 on the Jewish calendar. As Israel based its holidays on the Jewish calendar, [[Independence Day (Israel)|celebrations]] do not always correspond with the Georgian date. One day after Israel [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|declared its independence]], the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab League]] launched an attack on Israel that would last until [[1949 Armistice Agreements|20 July 1949]], ending with Israel securing its sovereignty.}}
Baris 156 ⟶ 157:
| [[Perang Saudara Tiongkok]]
|-
| [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] anddan [[Penghu]]{{efn|After World War II, the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the administration of the Republic of China under [[General Order No. 1]], although they nominally remained part of Japan. Before the post-war treaties were to be signed by the ROC and Japan, the ROC government was defeated in the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and decamped to the island of Taiwan. Japan relinquished the claims to Taiwan and Penghu in the [[Treaty of San Francisco]] on 28 April 1952, but the sovereignty of the islands remained undetermined to this day. Taiwan and Penghu are still today governed by the Republic of China in a post-war capacity recognised by a few states as the sole legitimate government of "China". See also [[Political status of Taiwan]] and [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan]].}}
| {{flagdeco|Kekaisaran Jepang}} [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Taiwan]]
| {{flagcountry|EmpireKekaisaran of JapanJepang}}
| ''15 August 1945''<br>25 Oktober 1945{{efn|Date when Taiwan and Penghu were [[Retrocession Day|returned]] to the Republic of China.}}<br>28 April 1952{{efn|Date when the [[San Francisco Peace Treaty]] takes effect.}}
| [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]]
Baris 175 ⟶ 176:
|-
| {{Flag|Malaysia}}
| {{Flag|Malaya}} <br /> {{Flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1948–1963).svg}} [[CrownKoloni ColonyMahkota ofBorneo NorthUtara BorneoBritania|ColonyKoloni ofBorneo North BorneoUtara]] <br /> {{Flagicon image|Flag of Sarawak (1946–19631947–1963).svg}} [[CrownKoloni Colony of Sarawak|Colony ofMahkota Sarawak]]
| rowspan=9 | {{Flag|Imperium Britania}}
| 31 Agustus 1957<br />16 September 1963
Baris 181 ⟶ 182:
| [[Kedaruratan Malaya]]{{efn|The [[Malayan Communist Party]] fought in the [[Malayan Emergency]] between June 1948 – 12 July 1960.}}
|-
| {{Flag|CyprusSiprus}}
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cyprus (1922-1960).svg}} [[BritishSiprus Cyprus (1878–1960)|British CyprusBritania]]
| 16 Agustus 1960{{efn|Not celebrated as a holiday. For reasons unknown, Cyprus celebrates 1 October 1960, as its date of independence.}}
| [[Makarios III]]
Baris 194 ⟶ 195:
|-
| {{Flag|Oman}}
| {{Flag|Muskat dan Oman
| {{Flag|Muscat and Oman}}''{{efn|Muscat and Oman was de facto a British protectorate. On 4 June 1856, the Sultan who ruled from [[Stone Town]], [[Zanzibar]], died without appointing an heir. With British intervention on 6 April 1861, Zanzibar and Oman were divided into two separate principalities. Zanzibar later became a formal British protectorate, but the British influence over Muscat and Oman remained informal. In 1962 [[Persian Gulf Residency#Chronology: 1763-1971|Britain declared]] Muscat and Oman an independent nation.}}''
| 9 Agustus 1970
| [[Qaboos bin Said]]
| NightSerangan attackMalam ondi MuscatMuskat<br />-{{efn|See the [[Dhofar Rebellion]] defeated with British help.}}
|-
| {{Flag|Singapura}}
Baris 218 ⟶ 220:
|-
| {{Flag|Uni Emirat Arab}}
| {{[[Berkas:Flag| of the Trucial States}} (1968–1971).svg|24x24px]] [[Negara-Negara Gencatan Senjata]]
| 2 Desember 1971{{efn|The independent UAE was joined by [[Ras al-Khaimah]] on 11 February 1972.}}
| [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]]
Baris 260 ⟶ 262:
== Catatan ==
{{Notelist}}
 
[[Kategori:Dekolonisasi]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Asia]]
 
 
{{sejarah-stub}}