Taliban: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
Mengganti AQMI_Flag_asymmetric.svg dengan Islamic_State_flag.svg (berkas dipindahkan oleh CommonsDelinker; alasan: File renamed: Criterion 2 (meaningless or a |
||
| (12 revisi perantara oleh 6 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{for|pemerintahan Taliban yang berkuasa di Afganistan|Keamiran Islam Afganistan}}{{Infobox war faction▼
▲{{for|pemerintahan Taliban yang berkuasa di Afganistan|Keamiran Islam Afganistan}}
|name = Taliban
|native_name = طالبان (ṭālibān)
Baris 23 ⟶ 21:
|ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|[[Jihadisme]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowman, Bradley and McMaster, H.R. |date=15 August 2021 |title=In Afghanistan, the Tragic Toll of Washington Delusion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-withdrawal-biden-human-rights-terrorist-jihadist-islamist-taliban-kabul-11629044191 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |quote=The Taliban militants display the jihadist group's flag after taking control of Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Aug. 15. |accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref>
|[[Fundamentalisme Islam]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal |last=Whine |first=Michael |date=1 September 2001 |title=Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences |journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=54–72 |doi=10.1080/714005450 |s2cid=146940668}}</ref><ref name="auto2">Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001</ref><ref name="Maley2-14">{{Cite book |last=Maley |first=William |title=Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban |url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6 |publisher=C Hurst & Co |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-85065-360-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6/page/14 14]}}</ref><ref name="Turbulent">{{Cite book |last=Ogata |first=Sadako N. |url=https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada |title=The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s |date=2005 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-05773-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada/page/286 286] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Melissa">{{Cite news |last=McNamara |first=Melissa |date=31 August 2006 |title=The Taliban In Afghanistan |publisher=CBS |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-taliban-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>
|[[Islamisme]] [[Deobandi]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2013 |title=Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups? |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/347009 |website=digitaljournal.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /><ref name="Maley2-14" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895 |website=oxfordislamicstudies.com}}</ref>
|[[Nasionalisme agama]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Afghan Taliban |url=http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509205345/http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |archive-date=9 May 2015 |access-date=7 April 2015 |website=National Counterterrorism Center}}</ref>
Baris 29 ⟶ 27:
|area = [[Afganistan]] dan [[Pakistan]]<ref name="PakistanTaliban">Pajhwok Afghan News, [http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=36208 Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan)].</ref>
|size = Kekuatan inti -{{plainlist|
* 45.000 (perk. 2001)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance |url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |access-date=26 November 2009 |website=US Gov Info |publisher=About.com |archive-date=2016-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 11.000 (perk. 2008)<ref>[http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html 9/11 seven years later: US 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110234907/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html |date=10 January 2015 }}. Retrieved 24 August 2010.</ref>
* 36.000 (perk. 2010)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Fiona |last2=Coates |first2=Sam |last3=Savage |first3=Michael |date=3 March 2010 |title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000 |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece}}</ref>
* 60.000 (perk. 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703023519/http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |archive-date=3 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2014 |publisher=Voice of America }}</ref>
* 60.000<ref name="2021number">{{Cite web |date=14 January 2021 |title=Afghanistan's Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/ |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point |archive-date=2021-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815115043/https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> (perk. 2017 tidak termasuk 90.000 milisi lokal dan 50.000 elemen pendukung)
* 75.000 (perk. 2021)<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2021 |title=Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708214308/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=8 July 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The White House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban Sweep in Afghanistan Follows Years of U.S. Miscalculations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817131719/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=Taliban's Afghanistan takeover raises big questions for U.S. security chiefs |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901043600/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |archive-date=2021-09-01 |access-date=17 August 2021 |publisher=NBC News |dead-url=yes }}</ref>}}
|active = 1994–1996 ([[milisi]])<br />1996–2001 ([[Keamiran Islam Afganistan (1996–2001)|pemerintahan pertama]])<br />2002–2021 ([[pemberontak]]) <br />2021–sekarang (pemerintahan kedua)
|headquarters =[[Kandahar]], [[Afganistan]] (1994–2001)<br>[[Kabul]], Afganistan (2021-sekarang)
|strength = 45,000 (2001 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance|publisher=Usgovinfo.about.com|date=|accessdate=2009-11-26|archive-date=2016-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br />11,000 (2008 est.)<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080910/wl_mcclatchy/3041862 9/11 seven years later: U.S. 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] ''"There are now some 62,000 foreign soldiers in Afganistan , including 34,000 U.S. troops, and some 150,000 Afghan security forces. '''They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents''', according to U.S.
|previous = Murid dari [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
|allies ='''Negara Sekutu''' {{plainlist|
Baris 55 ⟶ 53:
* {{flagicon image|Tnsm-flag.svg|25px}} [[Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin.svg|25px}} [[Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Afghan militant fighters 'may join Islamic State'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29009125 |work=BBC News|date=2 September 2014|access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref> <small>(sampai 2016)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/afghanistan-ghani-hekmatyar-sign-peace-deal-160929092524754.html |title=Afghanistan: Ghani, Hekmatyar sign peace deal|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
* [[File:
}}
|international = [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Pakistan]], [[United Arab Emirates]] (sebelum [[September 11 attacks|11 September attacks]])
Baris 69 ⟶ 67:
* {{flagicon image|Northern Alliance flag flown in Panjshir 2021.svg}} [[Perlawanan Kedua|Perlawanan Panjshir]]
* {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|NIIS]] - Propinsi Khorasan<ref>{{cite web|title=ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213191753/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |archive-date=13 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =ISIS, Taliban announced Jihad against each other| url =http://www.khaama.com/isis-taliban-announced-jihad-against-each-other-3206| website = Khaama Press| date = 20 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram'| url =http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/130420151| website = Rudaw| date = 13 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015 }}</ref>
* [[File:
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jamiat-e Islami.svg|25px}} [[Jamiat-e Islami]]<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web| title =Afghanistan's warlord vice-president spoiling for a fight with the Taliban| url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/04/afghan-vice-president-militia-taliban-general-dostum| website = The Guardian| date = 4 August 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image||25px}} [[Gerakan Islam Nasional Afganistan|Junbish-i-Milli]]<ref name="theguardian.com"/>
Baris 82 ⟶ 80:
| designated_as_terror_group_by = <br />{{flag|Kanada}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 February 2021|title=Currently listed entities|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|access-date=3 February 2021|website=Public Safety Canada|publication-date=21 June 2019}}</ref><br />{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref name="kz-list">{{cite web|url=https://egov.kz/cms/en/articles/religion/zaprewennye_ordanizacii|title=The list of prohibited foreign organizations in Kazakhstan|publisher=Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan|date=28 November 2019|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><br />{{flag|Kirgizstan}}<ref name="kg-list">{{cite web|url=https://24.kg/english/48835_List_of_terrorist_and_extremist_organizations_banned_in_Kyrgyzstan_/|title=List of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in Kyrgyzstan|website=24.kg|access-date=3 March 2020|date=5 April 2017}}</ref><br />{{flag|Tajikistan}}<ref name="tj-list">{{cite web|url=https://nbt.tj/en/financial_monitoring/perechni.php|title=The list of terrorists and extremists|publisher=National Bank of Tajikistan|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><br />{{flag|Turki}}<br />{{flag|Uni Emirat Arab}}<ref name="uae-2017-18">{{cite web|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302618259|title=43 new designations specifically address threats posed by Qatar linked and based Al Qaida Terrorism Support Networks|publisher=Emirates News Agency|date=9 June 2017|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="uae-2017-28">{{cite web|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302624655|title=UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain declare details of new terror designations|publisher=Emirates News Agency|date=25 July 2017|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
'''Gerakan Taliban''', sering disebut hanya sebagai '''Taliban''' atau '''Taleban''' ([[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|bahasa Persia]] dan [[Bahasa Pashtun|Pashtun]] طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه میخواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21|archive-date=2021-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821093906/https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dari bentuk jamak [[bahasa Arab]]: طالب ṭālib, "
▲'''Gerakan Taliban''', sering disebut hanya sebagai '''Taliban''' atau '''Taleban''' ([[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|bahasa Persia]] dan [[Bahasa Pashtun|Pashtun]] طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه میخواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21|archive-date=2021-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821093906/https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dari bentuk jamak [[bahasa Arab]]: طالب ṭālib, "murid"), para anggotanya menyebut organisasinya secara resmi sebagai '''[[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]''',<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan|format = mirror|year = 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|archive-date = 2012-10-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121019164900/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|dead-url = yes}}</ref> adalah gerakan nasionalis [[Islam]] [[Deobandi]] pendukung [[Pashtun]] yang secara efektif menguasai hampir seluruh wilayah [[Afganistan]] sejak [[1996]] sampai [[2001]] serta kembali menguasai Afganistan pada 2021. Saat ini, Taliban adalah satu dari dua entitas politik yang sama-sama mengklaim sebagai pemerintah yang sah atas Afganistan di samping pihak [[Republik Islam Afganistan|Republik]].
Kelompok Taliban dibentuk pada September 1994, mendapat dukungan dari [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Pakistan]].<ref name="abad 20">Susilo, Taufik Adi. Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Dunia Abad 20. Javalitera. Yogyakarta 2010. Halaman 391</ref>
Baris 98 ⟶ 94:
== Serangan 2021 ==
{{main|Serangan Taliban 2021}}
Pada Mei 2021, pasukan Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara sekutunya mulai menarik diri dari Afganistan secara bertahap. Karena peristiwa penarikan pasukan tersebut, Taliban kembali memberontak terhadap pemerintah Afganistan. Pemberontakan ini mengakibatkan ratusan hingga ribuan penduduk Afganistan harus mengungsi ke ibu kota Kabul. Beberapa
Terkait dengan pemberontakan tersebut, Presiden Joe Biden kembali mengerahkan sekitar 3.000 personel militer AS untuk bekerja sama dengan militer Afganistan dalam melawan Taliban. Pasukan cadangan juga disiagakan di negara-negara terdekat seperti Kuwait, Arab Saudi dan Qatar.
Per 13 Agustus 2021, Taliban telah menguasai sepuluh wilayah Afganistan dalam kurun waktu enam hari. Kota-
Pada 15 Agustus 2021, pihak Taliban telah [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|mengepung wilayah Kabul]] dan bernegosiasi dengan Pemerintah Afganistan terkait penyerahan kekuasaan secara damai. Akibat pengepungan tersebut, Presiden [[Ashraf Ghani]] dan beberapa diplomat AS di Afganistan segera dievakuasi dan meninggalkan Afganistan.
Baris 123 ⟶ 119:
* [http://www.beautifulislam.com/audio/misc/ram/npr-03212001.ram Afghani Roving Ambassador on NPR's Talk of the Nation March 21, 2001, about women's treatment, statue destruction and other "lies"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822102103/http://www.beautifulislam.com/audio/misc/ram/npr-03212001.ram |date=2006-08-22 }}
* [http://www.beautifulislam.com/taliban/afghani_embassador_usc.htm Afghani Ambassador Speech at USC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308103320/http://www.beautifulislam.com/taliban/afghani_embassador_usc.htm |date=2006-03-08 }}
* [http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue1/jv6n1a1.html Who is responsible for the Taliban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907000036/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue1/jv6n1a1.html |date=2006-09-07 }}
* [http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm "Bush's Faustian Deal with the Taliban"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907162919/http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm |date=2006-09-07 }}, oleh Robert Scheer, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 22 Mei 2001
[[Kategori:Taliban| ]]
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Partai politik di Afganistan]]
[[Kategori:Partai politik yang didirikan tahun 1994]]
[[Kategori:Anti-Syiah]]
| |||
