Baku: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Koreksi Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
||
| (113 revisi perantara oleh 47 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{Tempat lain|Baku (disambiguasi)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Baku
| native_name = Bakı
| image_skyline = Montage of Baku 2019.jpg
| image_caption = Istana Shirvanshah, Kota Tua Baku, [[Menara Perawan]], Istana Kebahagiaan di Jalan Mukhtarov, Kota Baku pada malam hari, Istana Ismailiyye, [[Pusat Kebudayaan Heydar Aliyev]], Museum Seni Nasional Azerbaijan, Museum Karpet Azerbaijan, Aula Filharmoni Baku, Akademi Opera dan Teater Balet Nasional, Pusat Sinema Nizami Cinema, [[Kuil Api Baku]] (Ateshgah), Gereja Penyelamat, Masjid Heydar, Pemandangan malam Baku di tepi Laut Kaspia
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Coat of arms of Baku.svg
| seal_size = 80px
| image_map =
| mapsize = 220px
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Azerbaijan<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di Azerbaijan
| coordinates_region = AZ
| subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara di dunia|Negara]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
| established_title =
| established_date =
| leader_title = [[Wali kota]]
| leader_name = [[Eldar Azizov]] (sejak 2018)
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 2140
| area_footnotes = <ref name="DENSITY">{{cite web
|url=http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/010.shtml#s11
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124164655/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/010.shtml#s11
|archivedate=2007-11-24
|title=Administrative, density and territorial units and land size by economic regions of Azerbaijan Republic for January 1. 2007
|accessdate=2009-07-17
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes = <ref name="statgov">{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/population_2020.zip |title=Population of Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=[[State Statistics Committee]] |access-date=22 Februari 2021 |quote= |archive-date=30 Juni 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630134755/https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/population_2020.zip |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_total = 2.293.100<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|title=Population|first=Anar|last=Samadov|website=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan|access-date=25 Maret 2020|archive-date=27 Agustus 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142620/https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_metro =
| population_density_km2 = 957.6
| timezone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
| utc_offset = +4
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| latd = 40
| latm = 23
| lats = 43
| latNS = N
| longd = 49
| longm = 52
| longs = 56
| longEW = E
| coordinates_type = type:city(2039700)_region:AZ_source:dewiki
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| elevation_m = -28
| area_code = 12
| postal_code_type = [[Kode pos]]
| postal_code = AZ1000
| website = [http://www.bakucity.az/ BakuCity.az]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Baku''' ({{lang-az|Bakı}}) adalah [[ibu kota]] sekaligus [[kota]] terbesar [[Azerbaijan]] dengan peenduduk berjumlah 2.293.100 jiwa ([[2020]]). Kota ini pula merupakan kota terbesar di tepi [[Laut Kaspia]] dan di [[Kaukasus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seven astounding facts about the city of Baku |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2KC0g2TGpjBXGp5x5rm4KKd/seven-astounding-facts-about-the-city-of-baku |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930063703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2KC0g2TGpjBXGp5x5rm4KKd/seven-astounding-facts-about-the-city-of-baku |url-status=live }}</ref>
Berada di tepi selatan [[Semenanjung Absheron]], Baku terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu kawasan Kota Tua Baku dengan bangunan-bangunan bersejarah, serta wilayah kota yang relatif lebih baru.
Pada tahun [[2007]], menteri budaya dari negara-negara anggota [[Organisasi Konferensi Islam]] menyatakan Baku sebagai ibu kota Budaya Islam pada tahun [[2009]]. Kota Dinding Baku - bersama dengan [[Istana Shirvanshah]] dan [[Qız Qalası]] didaftarkan ke [[Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO]] pada tahun [[2000]]. Menurut [[peringkat]] [[Lonely Planet]], Baku merupakan salah satu dari 10 tujuan teratas di dunia untuk kehidupan malam kota.
Baku terbagi atas 11 [[distrik]], seperti Azizbayov, Binagadi, Garadagh, Narimanov, Nasimi, Nizami, Sabail, Sabunchu, Khatai, Surakhany dan Yasamal serta 48 kotapraja. Di antaranya terdapat kotapraja di kepulauan yang berada di [[Teluk Baku]] dan [[Cadas Minyak]] yang dibangun di [[Laut Kaspia]], 60 km (37 mi) dari Baku.
== Etimologi ==
Nama Baku sejak lama telah dicatat dalam huruf Arab Persia باکو (''Bākū''). Sumber-sumber berbahasa Arab yang terawal tentang kota ini menyebutnya sebagai '''Bākuh''' dan '''Bākuya''',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dunlop |first1=D.M. |url=http://nessia.org/files/original/7fb5287183e94fb6ea34e8c74d7f9de9.pdf |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |last2=Bennigsen |first2=A. |last3=Bosworth |first3=C.E. |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |editor-last=Bosworth |editor-first=C. Edmund |editor-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |location=Leiden & Boston |page=47 |author-link3=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |access-date=18 Desember 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920151802/http://nessia.org/files/original/7fb5287183e94fb6ea34e8c74d7f9de9.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> keduanya sepertinya berasal dari [[bahasa Persia]], walaupun asal-usul sebenarnya belum jelas.
Cerita populer setempat dari abad ke-19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bakucity.preslib.az/en/page/oj8veb7H6a|title=The origin and etymology :: Baku|website=bakucity.preslib.az|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116062050/https://bakucity.preslib.az/en/page/oj8veb7H6a|url-status=live}}</ref> mengisahkan bahwa ada kemungkinan bahwa nama Baku berasal dari kata بادکوبه (''Bâdkube''), yang dalam bahasa Persia artinya "kota yang dipukul angin", dari kata asal ''bād'' yang berarti "angin", dan ''kube'', yang berakar dari kata kerja کوبیدن ''kubidan'', yang berarti "untuk memukul". Istilah ini dipakai untuk merujuk pada Baku yang dikenal dengan anginnya yang kencang,<ref name="Web.archive.org">{{Cite web |title=Culture & Religion on Podium: Politicizing Linguistics |url=http://iranchamber.com/podium/culture/020920_politicizing_linguistics.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013212555/http://iranchamber.com/podium/culture/020920_politicizing_linguistics.php |archive-date=13 Oktober 2007 |access-date=25 Julk 2009}}</ref> serta sering mengalami badai musim dingin yang kurang bersahabat. Dari cerita tersebut, nantinya Balu akan mendapatkan julukannya, yakni "Kota Angin" (''City of Winds'')
Terdapat cerita lain yang mengisahkan asal-usul nama Baku, tetapi kini dianggap usang. Cerita ininmenyebutkan bahwa Baku mendapatkan namanya dari kata '''Baghkuy''', yang artinya "Kota Tuhan" atau "Kota Dewa". ''Baga'' (sekarang dieja ''بغ'' ''bagh'') dan ''kuy'' adalah kosakata bahasa Persia Kuno bagi masing-masing "tuhan" atau "dewa" dan "kota". Nama ''Baghkuy'' kemungkinan dapat dibandingkan dengan ''[[Baghdad|Baghdād]]'' ("Pemberian Tuhan"), yang kata ''dād'' artinya "memberi".
Pada masa [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Azerbaijan|Uni Soviet]], nama kota ini secara resmi ditulis dalam aksara Cyrilic sebagai "Бакы" dalam bahasa Azerbaijani dan "Баку" '''{{transliteration|ru|Baku}}''') dalam bahasa Rusia. Sejak kemerdekaannya di tahun 1991, Azerbaijan beralih menggunakan modifikasi alfabet Latin dan Baku dilafalkan dalam bahasa Azerbaijani sebagai {{lang|az|Bakı}}.
== Sejarah ==
{{Quote box |width=23em |align=left |bgcolor=#B0C4DE
|title=Sejarah afiliasi
|fontsize=90% |quote={{flagicon image|Shirvan gerb.png}} Shirvanshah 799-1501<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Persia 1502-1524.svg}} [[Dinasti Safawiyah]] 1501-1514<br>
{{flagicon image|Türkei Seidenfahne makffm.jpg}} [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] 1514-1540<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Shah Tahmasp I.svg}} [[Dinasti Safawiyah]] 1540-1578<br>
{{flagicon image|Türkei Seidenfahne makffm.jpg}} [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] 1578-1603<br>
{{flagicon image|Safavid Flag.svg}} [[Dinasti Safawiyah]] 1603-1736<br>
{{flagicon image|Nader Shah Flag.svg}} Dinasti Afshariyah 1736-1750<br>
{{flagicon image|Zand Dynasty flag.svg}} [[Dinasti Zand]] 1750-1794<br>
{{flagicon image|Early 20th Century Qajar Flag.svg}} [[Dinasti Qajar]] 1794-1813<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Kekaisaran Rusia]] 1813-1918<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg}} [[Republik Federatif Demokratik Transkaukasus]] 1918<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan 1918.svg}} [[Republik Demokratik Azerbaijan]] 1918-1920<br>
{{flag|Uni Soviet}} 1920-1991<br>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan.svg}} [[Azerbaijan|Republik Azerbaijan]] 1991-
}}
{{clear}}
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
|Name = Kota Berdinding Baku dengan [[Istana Shirvanshah]] dan [[Menara Perawan]]
|infoboxwidth= 250px
|Image =
|State_Party = {{AZE}}
|Type = Budaya
|Criteria = iv
|ID = 958
|Region = [[Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia di Asia dan Australasia|Timur Tengah]]
|Year = 2000
|Session = ke-24
|Danger = 2003-2009
}}
== Budaya ==
Baku memiliki beberapa lokasi kebudayaan.
=== Teater ===
* [[Opera Akademik Negara dan Teater Balet Azerbaijan]]
* [[Teater Pantomim Baku]]
=== Museum ===
* [[Museum Nasional Sejarah Azerbaijan]]
* [[Museum Seni Nasional Azerbaijan]]
== Hubungan internasional ==
=== Kota kembar ===
Baku memiliki hubungan kota kembar dengan kota-kota berikut.<ref name="Azerbaijan twinnings">{{Cite web |title=Twin-cities of Azerbaijan |url=http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809115218/http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html |archive-date=9 Agustus 2013 |access-date=9 Agustus 2013 |website=Azerbaijans.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The main directions of foreign relations of the executive authorities of Baku |url=http://www.bakucity.az/main/index_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714191259/http://www.bakucity.az/main/index_en.html |archive-date=14 Juli 2007 |access-date=15 Juli 2007}}</ref><sup>[berurut berdasarkan [[kronologi]]]</sup>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Negara
!Kota
!Negara Bagian / Provinsi / Region / Wilayah / Kegubernuran
!Tahun
|-
|Senegal
|{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Dakar]]
|''Region Dakar''
|1967<ref name="ANL">{{Cite web |last=Musa Gasymly |year=2005 |title=АЗЕРБАЙДЖАН В МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ СВЯЗЯХ(1946–1990 гг.) |trans-title=Azerbaijan's cultural affairs (1946–1990) |url=http://www.anl.az/el/m/ks.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404085053/http://www.anl.az/el/m/ks.htm |archive-date=4 April 2010 |access-date=4 Februari 2010 |publisher=Artanuchi |location=Tbilisi}}</ref><ref name="Azeuro">{{Cite news |date=25 Juli 2008 |title=ВСЕ ОСТАЕТСЯ ЛЮДЯМ |trans-title=Everything remains for people |volume=29 |publisher=Vyshka |issue=19725 |url=http://vyshka.azeurotel.com/arxiv/2008/29/2.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 Februari 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707202527/http://vyshka.azeurotel.com/arxiv/2008/29/2.html |archive-date=7 Juli 2011}}</ref>
|-
|Italy
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Napoli]]
|''[[Campania]]''
|1972<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flexibe Solutions |date=26 Oktober 2007 |title=Embassy of Azerbaijan Republic in Italy |url=http://www.azembassy.it/browse.php?lang=eng&page=010201 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523084602/http://www.azembassy.it/browse.php?lang=eng&page=010201 |archive-date=23 Mei 2011 |access-date=17 April 2010 |publisher=Azembassy.it}}</ref>
|-
|Iraq
|{{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Basra]]
|''[[Kegubernuran Basra]]''
|1972<ref name=ANL/>
|-
|Bosnia Herzegovina
|{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Sarajevo]]
|''Kanton Sarajevo''
|1975<ref name=ANL/><ref name=Azeuro/>
|-
|Amerika Serikat
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Christiansted]]
|''[[Virgin Islands]]''
|1976<ref name="Azerbaijan International" />
|-
|Amerika Serikat
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]]
|''[[Texas]]''
|1976<ref name="Azerbaijan International">{{Cite journal |last=Maud Beck |date=Winter 2006 |title=Sister Cities: Baku and Houston. Celebrating 30 Years as Sister Cities |url=http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai144_folder/144_articles/144_sister_cities.html |url-status=live |journal=[[Azerbaijan International]] |pages=68–71 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202044849/http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai144_folder/144_articles/144_sister_cities.html |archive-date=2 Februari 2010 |access-date=4 Februari 2010}}</ref>
|-
|Prancis
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bordeaux]]
|''[[Aquitaine]]''
|1979<ref name=ANL/><ref name="Bordeaux twinnings 2">{{Cite web |title=Bordeaux-Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures |url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14 |archive-date=7 Februari 2013 |access-date=9 Juli 2013 |website=Délégation pour l'Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|Iran
|{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Tabriz]]
|''[[Provinsi Azarbaijan Timur]]''
|1980<ref name=Azeuro/>
|-
|Turkey
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[İzmir]]
|''[[Provinsi İzmir]]''
|1985<ref>{{Cite web |title=İzmir Metropolitan Municipality |url=http://www.izmir.bel.tr/en/StandartPages.asp?menuID=1476&MenuName= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719141205/http://www.izmir.bel.tr/en/StandartPages.asp?menuID=1476&MenuName= |archive-date=19 Juli 2011 |access-date=17 April 2010 |publisher=Izmir.bel.tr}}</ref>
|-
|Vietnam
|{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Vũng Tàu]]
|''[[Provinsi Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu]]''
|1985<ref name=ANL/>
|-
|Amerika Serikat
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Honolulu]]
|''[[Hawaii]]''
|1998<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Relations |url=http://www1.honolulu.gov/ecodev/internationalrelations.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628103551/http://www1.honolulu.gov/ecodev/internationalrelations.htm |archive-date=28 Juni 2012 |access-date=8 Juli 2013}}</ref>
|-
|Turi
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Sivas]]
|''[[Provinsi Sivas]]''
|2000<ref name="Sivas twinnings">{{Cite web|url=http://www.yeniulke.net/3044/uzaklar_yakinlasti|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227151859/http://www.yeniulke.net/3044/uzaklar_yakinlasti|url-status=dead|title=Uzaklar Yakinlaşti – Sivas Twin Towns|archive-date=27 Desember 2013}}</ref>
|-
|Brazil
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]]
|''[[Rio de Janeiro (negara bagian)|Negara Bagian Rio de Janeiro]]''
|2013<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 Desember 2013 |title=Баку и Рио-де-Жанейро стали городами-побратимами – 1NEWS.AZ |url=http://www.1news.az:80/politics/20131205120515968.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207022044/http://www.1news.az/politics/20131205120515968.html |archive-date=7 Desember 2013}}</ref>
|-
|Ukraina
|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]]
|''Munisipalitas Kota Kyiv''
|
|-
|Israel<ref name="algemeiner.com">{{Cite web |title=Azerbaijani US Ambassador: Israel Is a Pragmatic Partner and Good Friend, We Want it to Be Normal for Muslims and Jews to Be Allies |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2017/03/29/azerbaijani-us-ambassador-israel-is-a-pragmatic-partner-and-good-friend-we-want-it-to-be-normal-for-muslims-and-jews-to-be-allies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410213814/https://www.algemeiner.com/2017/03/29/azerbaijani-us-ambassador-israel-is-a-pragmatic-partner-and-good-friend-we-want-it-to-be-normal-for-muslims-and-jews-to-be-allies/ |archive-date=10 April 2017 |access-date=10 April 2017 |website=Algemeiner.com}}</ref>
|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Haifa]]<ref name="algemeiner.com" />
|''[[Distrik Haifa]]''
|
|}
== Galeri ==
<gallery>
Berkas:View of Baku, 2004 (2).jpg|Baku
</gallery>
==
* [[Daftar museum di Baku]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{wikivoyage|Baku}}
{{commonscat|Baku}}
{{Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
{{Ibu kota di Eropa}}
{{ibu kota di Asia}}
{{Authority control}}
[[
[[Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunia]]
{{Azerbaijan-geo-stub}}
| |||