Pandemi Covid-19: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Short description|Peristiwa merebaknya pandemi koronavirus}}

{{Infobox pandemic

| map5 = {{Photomontage

| photo1a = Coronavirus patients at the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran--1 March 2020.jpg

| photo2b = 蔡總統視導33化學兵群 02.jpg

| photo3a = Emergenza coronavirus (49501382461).jpg

| territories = {{Kasus pada wabah koronavirus 2019–2020|territories|editlink=}}

}}

 

Virus SARS-CoV-2 diduga menyebar di antara orang-orang terutama melalui percikan pernapasan (''droplet'') yang dihasilkan selama [[batuk]].<ref name="WHO getting workplace ready">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf |title=Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19 |date=27 February 2020 |work=World Health Organization |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ecdcqna">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers|title=Q & A on COVID-19|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|language=en|access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="WHO2020QA">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses |title=Q&A on coronaviruses |work=[[World Health Organization]] |date=11 February 2020 |access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="CDC2020Over222">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html |title=Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) |date=10 February 2020 |work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> Percikan ini juga dapat dihasilkan dari [[bersin]] dan pernapasan normal. Selain itu, virus dapat menyebar akibat menyentuh permukaan benda yang terkontaminasi dan kemudian menyentuh wajah seseorang.<ref name="WHO2020QA" /> Penyakit Covid-19 paling menular saat orang yang menderitanya memiliki gejala, meskipun penyebaran mungkin saja terjadi sebelum gejala muncul.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fabout%2Ftransmission.html |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |date=16 March 2020 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref> [[Masa inkubasi|Periode waktu antara paparan virus dan munculnya gejala]] biasanya sekitar lima hari, tetapi dapat berkisar dari dua hingga empat belas hari.<ref name="CDC2020Over222" /><ref name="pathogenesis">{{cite journal |last1=Rothan |first=H. A. |last2=Byrareddy |first2=S. N. |title=The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak |journal=Journal of Autoimmunity |page=102433 |date=February 2020 |pmid=32113704 |doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339515532 }}</ref> Gejala umum di antaranya [[demam]], batuk, dan sesak napas.<ref name="CDC2020Over222" /><ref name="pathogenesis" /> [[Komplikasi (medis)|Komplikasi]] dapat berupa [[pneumonia]] dan [[Sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut|penyakit pernapasan akut berat]]. Tidak ada [[vaksin]] atau pengobatan [[antivirus]] khusus untuk penyakit ini. Pengobatan primer yang diberikan berupa terapi simtomatik dan suportif. Langkah-langkah pencegahan yang direkomendasikan di antaranya [[mencuci tangan]], menutup mulut saat batuk, [[pembatasan sosial|menjaga jarak dari orang lain]], serta pemantauan dan [[isolasi (medis)|isolasi diri]] untuk orang yang mencurigai bahwa mereka terinfeksi.<ref name="WHO2020QA" /><ref name="CDC2020Over222" /><ref name=CDC2020SocialSpacing>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/high-risk-complications.html |work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=11 February 2020}}</ref>

Pandemi ini telah menyebabkan gangguan pada ekonomi dan [[Stigma sosial terkait Covid-19|sosial]] serta banyak negara yang berkurangnya pemasukan,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Here Comes the Coronavirus Pandemic: Now, after many fire drills, the world may be facing a real fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/opinion/sunday/corona-virus-usa.html |date=29 February 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020 |department=Editorial}}</ref> penundaan atau pembatalan acara olahraga dan budaya,<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus Cancellations: An Updating List |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/cancelled-events-coronavirus.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 March 2020}}</ref> dan kekhawatiran luas tentang kekurangan persediaan barang yang mendorong [[pembelian panik]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/18/supply-chain-experts-foods-that-could-be-less-available-in-pandemic.html |title=Why there will soon be tons of toilet paper, and what food may be scarce, according to supply chain experts |last=Scipioni |first=Jade |date=18 March 2020 |website=CNBC|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/coronavirus-disrupt-us-drug-supply-shortages-fda |title=The Coronavirus Outbreak Could Disrupt the U.S. Drug Supply |website=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> [[Misinformasi terkait pandemi koronavirus 2019–2020|Misinformasi dan teori konspirasi]] tentang virus telah menyebar secara [[daring]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/coronavirus-spreads-one-study-predicts-101552222.html |title=As the coronavirus spreads, one study predicts that even the best-case scenario is 15 million dead and a $2.4&nbsp;trillion hit to global GDP |work=[[Business Insider]] |first1=Rosie |last1=Perper |via=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=5 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Clamp |first=Rachel |title=Coronavirus and the Black Death: spread of misinformation and xenophobia shows we haven't learned from our past |work=[[The Conversation]] |date=5 March 2020 |url=http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-and-the-black-death-spread-of-misinformation-and-xenophobia-shows-we-havent-learned-from-our-past-132802 |access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> dan telah terjadi insiden [[Xenofobia dan rasisme terkait pandemi koronavirus 2019–2020|xenofobia dan rasisme]] terhadap orang Tiongkok dan orang-orang [[Asia Timur]] atau [[Asia Tenggara]] lainnya yang meningkat setelah menyebar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/stop-panic-buying-toilet-paper-how-to-stock-up-smart-emergency-or-not-2020-03-09 |title=Stop panic-buying toilet paper: How to stock up smart, emergency or not |last=Weston |first=Liz |website=MarketWatch|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

 

 

== Epidemiologi ==

<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/29/681160.html |title=雷神山医院病床增至1600张 |date=29 January 2020 |website=bjnews.com.cn |language=zh|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129091625/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/29/681160.html|archive-date=29 Januari 2020|access-date=30 Januari 2020}}</ref> Rumah sakit tersebut mulai beroperasi pada 6 Februari.<ref name=yicai20190131>{{cite web|url=https://m.yicai.com/news/100484980.html|title=火神山、雷神山医院将于2月3日和2月6日收治病人|date=31 Januari 2020|access-date=3 Februari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://hb.people.com.cn/n2/2020/0125/c192237-33744294.html |last=He |first=Guanghua |date=25 Januari 2020 |work=People's Daily |access-date=25 Januari 2020 |url-status=live |last2=Tian |first2=Doudou |language=zh |script-title=zh:武汉将再建一个“小汤山”医院 |trans-title=Wuhan akan membangun rumah sakit "Xiaotangshan" lainnya}}</ref> Beberapa orang menyuarakan keprihatinan mereka melalui media sosial, mengatakan keputusan pihak berwenang untuk membangun rumah sakit lain dalam waktu yang sangat singkat menunjukkan tingkat keparahan wabah ini bisa jauh lebih buruk dari yang diperkirakan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/cnnews/20200125/bkn-20200125070552541-0125_00952_001.html |date=25 Januari 2020 |work=Oriental Daily News |access-date=25 Januari 2020 |url-status=live |language=zh |script-title=zh:武漢肺炎︰火神山首階段施工近完成　當局再建雷神山 |trans-title=Wuhan Pneumonia: Tahap pertama pembangunan Rumah Sakit Huoshenshan hampir selesai, pemerintah akan membangun Rumah Sakit Leishenshan}}</ref>

 

 

== Latar belakang ==

 

=== Asia Tenggara ===

 

Ekonom Maybank menilai Thailand sebagai negara yang paling berisiko, dimana ancaman dampak penyebaran virus korona terhadap pariwisata menyebabkan nilai tukar [[Baht Thailand|Baht]] jatuh ke level terendah dalam tujuh bulan.<ref name="bangkokpost1847089">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1847089/baht-hits-7-month-low-as-china-virus-threatens-tourism |title=Baht hits 7-month low as China virus threatens tourism |last=Limited |first=Bangkok Post Public Company |website=Bangkok Post |language=en|access-date=31 Januari 2020}}</ref>

== Catatan ==

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== Lihat pula ==