Pengguna:Aans03/bak pasir: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(9 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
[[Muhammad II dari Granada]]
 
☁After he took the throne, he negotiated a treaty with Alfonso X of Castile, in which Castile agreed to end support for the Banu Ashqilula in exchange for payments. When Castile took the money but maintained its support for the Banu Ashqilula, Muhammad turned towards Abu Yusuf of the Marinids. The Marinids sent a successful expedition against Castile, but relations soured when the Marinids treated the Banu Ashqilula as Muhammad's equals. In 1279, through diplomatic manoeuvring, Muhammad regained Málaga, formerly the centre of Banu Ashqilula power. In 1280, his diplomacy backfired when Granada faced simultaneous attacks from Castile, the Marinids and the Banu Ashqilula. Attacked by his more powerful neighbours, Muhammad exploited the rift between Alfonso and his son Sancho, as well as receiving help from Volunteers of the Faith, soldiers recruited from North Africa. The threat subsided when Alfonso died in 1284 and Abu Yusuf in 1286; their successors (Sancho and Abu Yaqub, respectively) were preoccupied with domestic matters. In 1288 the Banu Ashqilula emigrated to North Africa at Abu Yaqub's invitation, removing Muhammad's biggest domestic concern. In 1292, Granada helped Castile take Tarifa from the Marinids on the understanding that the town would be traded to Granada, but Sancho reneged on the promise.
https://en.m.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Sukuma_language
 
[[Bahasa Sukuma]]
 
Setelah dia naik takhta, dia menegosiasikan perjanjian dengan [[Alfonso X dari Kastilia|Alfonso X dari Kastila]], di mana Kastila setuju untuk mengakhiri dukungan untuk Banu Ashqilula dengan imbalan pembayaran. Ketika Alfonso mengambil uang itu tetapi mempertahankan dukungannya untuk Banu Ashqilula, Muhammad beralih ke [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq|Abu Yusuf]] dari [[Dinasti Marinid]]. Marinid mengirim ekspedisi yang berhasil melawan Kastila, tetapi hubungan memburuk ketika Marinid memperlakukan Banu Ashqilula sebagai sederajat dengan Muhammad. Pada 1279, melalui manuver diplomatik, Muhammad merebut kembali [[Málaga]], dulunya pusat kekuasaan Banu Ashqilula. Pada tahun 1280, diplomasinya menjadi bumerang ketika Granada menghadapi serangan serentak dari Kastila, Marinid, dan Banu Ashqilula. Diserang oleh tetangganya yang lebih kuat, Muhammad memanfaatkan hubungan Alfonso dan putranya [[Sancho IV dari Kastilia|Sancho]] yang buruk, serta menerima bantuan dari [[Al-Ghuzat al-Mujahidin|Ghuzat al-Mujahidin]], tentara yang direkrut dari [[Afrika Utara]]. Ancaman mereda ketika Alfonso meninggal pada tahun 1284 dan Abu Yusuf pada tahun 1286; penerus mereka (Sancho dan [[Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr|Abu Yaqub]], masing-masing) disibukkan dengan urusan rumah tangga. Pada tahun 1288 Bani Ashqilula beremigrasi ke Afrika Utara atas undangan Abu Yaqub, menghilangkan perhatian domestik terbesar Muhammad. Pada tahun 1292, Granada membantu Kastila merebut [[Tarifa]] dari Marinid dengan dijanjikan bahwa kota itu akan diperdagangkan ke Granada, tetapi Sancho mengingkari janjinya.
{{Infobox language
|name=Sukuma
|nativename=''Kɪsukuma''
|region=[[Tanzania]]
|ethnicity=[[Orang Sukuma|Sukuma]]
|speakers= {{sigfig|8.13|2}} juta jiwa
|date=2016
|ref=
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Volta-Congo languages|Volta-Congo]]
|fam4=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam5=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]]
|fam6=[[Southern Bantoid languages|Southern Bantoid]]
|fam7=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam8=[[Northeast Bantu]]
|fam9=Sukuma-Nyamwezi
|fam10=Nyamwezic
|dia1=Gwe
|dia2=Kiya
|iso2=suk
|iso3=suk
|glotto=suku1261
|glottorefname=Sukuma
|guthrie=F.21
}}
 
 
Sukuma adalah bahasa Bantu di Tanzania , dituturkan di daerah tenggara [[Danau Victoria]] antara [[Region Mwanza|Mwanza]], [[Region Shinyanga|Shinyanga]], dan [[Danau Eyasi]].<ref>Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, ''The Bantu Languages of Africa'', Oxford University Press, 1959.</ref>
 
 
 
Its orthography uses [[Roman script]] without special letters, which resembles that used for [[Swahili language|Swahili]], and has been used for Bible translations<ref>''The Gospel in Many Tongues'', The British and Foreign Bible Society, London, 1965.</ref> and in religious literature.<ref>''Kitabo sha Sala na sha Mimbo'', Diochesi ya Mwanza, edited / approved by Bishop Renatus Butibubage, 1963.</ref>