Wikipedia

Ramzan Kadyrov: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Membatalkan 1 suntingan by 188.146.112.76 (bicara) (TW)
Tag: Pembatalan halaman dengan galat kutipan
Herryz (bicara | kontrib)
Pengurus
22.174 suntingan
kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan
 
(13 revisi perantara oleh 8 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{refimprove|date=Agustus 2024}}
{{terjemah|Inggris}}
{{Infobox president
| name = Ramzan Kadyrov
| native_name = Рамзан Кадыров<br>رمضان قديروف
| native_name_lang = ru
| nationality =
| image = Ramzan Kadyrov, 2014.jpeg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Kadyrov pada 2014
| order = [[Presiden Republik Chechnya|Presiden Republik Chechnya]]
| term_start = 5 Maret 2011<br>{{small|Penjabat: 5 April 2011 – 18 September 2011}}
| term_end =
| predecessor = ''Jabatan dibentuk''
| successor =
| order1 = [[Presiden Republik Chechnya]]
| term_start1 = 5 April 2007
| term_end1 = 5 Maret 2011<br>{{small|Penjabat: 15 Februari 2007 – 5 April 2007}}
| predecessor1 = [[Alu Alkhanov]]
| successor1 = ''Jabatan dibentuk''
| order2 = Perdana Menteri Republik Chechnya
| term_start2 = 4 Maret 2006
| term_end2 = 10 April 2007<br>{{small|Penjabat: 18 November 2005 – 4 Maret 2006}}
| predecessor2 = [[Sergey Abramov (politisi)|Sergey Abramov]]
| successor2 = Odes Baysultanov
| order3 = Wakil Perdana Menteri Pertama Republik Chechnya
| term_start3 = 10 Mei 2004
| term_end3 = 18 November 2005<ref name="Chechnya.gov"/>
| predecessor3 = Eli Isayev<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/onlinenews/2004031639910973/|title=Head of Audit Chamber's Inspectorate on Chechnya appointed Chechenya's premier|publisher=Sputnik News|date=16 March 2004}}</ref>
| successor3 = Odes Baysultanov<ref name="Chechnya.gov2">{{cite web|url=http://chechnya.gov.ru/page.php?r=126&id=589|title=Одобрили единогласно|publisher=Chechnya Government|accessdate=26 November 2016|language=Russian|archive-date=2016-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126064335/http://chechnya.gov.ru/page.php?r=126&id=589|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| birth_name = Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1976|10|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tsentaroy, Distrik Kurchaloyevsky, Republik Chechnya|Tsentaroy]], [[Republik Sosialis Otonomi Soviet Chechnya-Ingush|RSOS Chechnya-Ingush]], [[Republik Sosialis Federasi Soviet Rusia|RSFS Rusia]], [[Uni Soviet]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| profession =
| spouse = Medni Musaevna Kadyrova▼
| religion=[[Islam Sunni]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Holier Than Thou: Ramzan Kadyrov And 'Traditional Chechen Islam' |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/Holier_Than_Thou_Ramzan_Kadyrov_And_Traditional_Chechen_Islam_/2073626.html|newspaper=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|date=October 2009}}</ref> [[Sufi]] [[Tarekat Qodiriyah|Qadiriyah]] <ref>Muedini, Fait (3 November 2015)[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-11-03/sponsoring-sufism "Sponsoring Sufism – And Its Problems as a Counterterrorism Strategy"]. ''Foreign Affairs''</ref>
| children = 12 (6 anak laki-laki (2 adopsi), 6 anak perempuan)<ref name="Segodyna12"/><ref name="Sputnik12"/>▼
▲| spouse= Medni Musaevna Kadyrova
| party = [[Rusia Bersatu]]▼
▲| children= 12 (6 anak laki-laki (2 adopsi), 6 anak perempuan)<ref name="Segodyna12"/><ref name="Sputnik12"/>
| vicepresident = ▼
▲| party=[[Rusia Bersatu]]
| allegiance = [[{{Flag|Rusia]]}}▼
▲| vicepresident=
*{{Flag|Chechnya}}
▲| allegiance = [[Rusia]]
| branch = [[AngkatanKementerian Urusan BersenjataDalam FederasiNegeri (Rusia)]]
[[Garda Nasional Rusia]]
| serviceyears = 1999-sekarang
| rank serviceyears = [[Letnan Jenderal]]1999–Sekarang
| commandsrank = [[Kolonel Jenderal]]
| battlescommands = [[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina= 2022]]
| battles = [[Perang Chechnya II]]{{br}}[[Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022]]{{tree list}}
| awards={{Hero of Russia}}<br/>[[Berkas:Orden for Service IV.png|30px|link=Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"]] [[Berkas:Orden of Courage.png|30px|link=Order of Courage]] [[Berkas:Orden of Honour.png|30px|link=Order of Honour (Russia)]]<br/>[[Berkas:Order of Honour and glory bar.png|50px|link=Order of Honour and Glory of [[Abkhazia]]]]<br/>[[Ramzan Kadyrov#Gelar kehormatan dan penghargaan|Penghargaan lain]]▼
**[[Pemberontakan Grup Wagner]]
| signature = Signature of Ramzan Kadyrov.png▼
▲| awards = {{Hero of Russia}}<br/>[[Berkas:Orden for Service IV.png|30px|link=Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"]] [[Berkas:Orden of Courage.png|30px|link=Order of Courage]] [[Berkas:Orden of Honour.png|30px|link=Order of Honour (Russia)]]<br/>[[Berkas:Order of Honour and glory bar.png|50px|link=Order of Honour and Glory of [[Abkhazia]]]]<br/>[[Ramzan Kadyrov#Gelar kehormatan dan penghargaan|Penghargaan lain]]
▲| signature = Signature of Ramzan Kadyrov.png
}}
 
'''Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov''' ({{lang-rus|Рамза́н Ахма́тович Кады́ров|p=rɐˈmzan ɐxˈmatəvʲɪtɕ kɐˈdɨrəf}}, {{lang-ce|Къадар Ахьмат-кIант Рамзан}} ''Q̇adar Aẋmat-khant Ramzan'';
{{lahirmati|[[Tsentoroi]], [[Chechen-Ingush ASSR]], [[Chechnya]]|5|10|1976}}) adalah seorang politikus Rusia yang saat ini menjabat sebagai Kepala Republik Chechnya. Ia dilantik sebagai presiden di Chechnya pada [[6 April]] 2007 atas penunjukan [[Presiden Rusia|Presiden]] [[Vladimir Putin]]. Dengan tangan kanannya di atas UUD Chechnya, Ramzan diambil sumpah kepresidenannya di [[Kota Gudermes]] dengan pengamanan ketat. Tiap jarak 100 meter, polisi Chechnya mendirikan pos pemeriksaan.
 
Ramzan adalah mantan pemimpin pemberontak yang dikenal dekat dengan Kremlin. Ayahnya adalah mantan [[Presiden Chechnya|Presiden]] [[Akhmad Kadyrov]] yang [[pembunuhan politik|dibunuh]] pada Mei [[2004]]. Ia mempunyai sebuah [[tentara pribadi]] yang dikenal sebagai ''[[Kadyrovit]]''.
Baris 71 ⟶ 73:
== Wakil Perdana Menteri ==
Setelah ayahnya, Presiden Chechnya terbunuh pada [[9 Mei]] [[2004]], Ramzan ditunjuk sebagai [[Wakil Perdana Menteri]] [[Republik Chechnya]].
<!--
When his sister was detained by the [[Dagestan]] police in January [[2005]], Ramzan and some 150 armed men drove to [[Khasavyurt]] City Police (GOVD) building. According to the city [[mayor]] Kadyrov's men surrounded the GOVD, forcing its duty [[officers]] against the wall and beating them, after which they left the building with Zulai Kadyrova, "victoriously shooting in the air."[http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=409&&issue_id=3195]
 
In August 2005 Ramzan declared that "[[Europe]]'s largest [[mosque]] would be built in place of the demolished ruins of [[Grozny]]'s shattered [[downtown]],"[http://www.guardian.co.uk/chechnya/Story/0,,1542119,00.html] and that Chechnya is the "most peaceful place in Russia" and in a few years it will be also "the wealthiest and the most peaceful place in the world". He was claimed the war was "already over" with only 150 "bandits" remaining (as opposed to the official figures of 700 to 2,000 [[active duty]] [[rebel]] fighters) and that thanks to his father 7,000 separatists had defected to the Russian side since 1999.
 
=== Acting Prime Minister ===
 
Following a [[car accident]] in December [[2005]] in which Chechnya's prime minister [[Sergey Abramov]] was injured, Ramzan has been functioning as the [[caretaker]] acting prime minister. He immediately proceeded to implement elements of [[Sharia law]], such as declaring [[Jihad]] on "[[terrorists]]", banning [[gambling]] and [[alcohol]] production and usage, and speaking in favor of [[polygamy]].
 
In February 2006, responding to the publication of the [[Mohammed cartoons]] and accusing [[Danes]] of "[[spy]]ing" and being "pro-terrorist", he banned [[Denmark|Danish]] [[citizens]] from entering Chechnya, effectively banning activity of the [[Danish Refugee Council]], the largest [[NGO]] working in the region. "That cartoonist needs to be buried alive," Kadyrov said. He was eventually pressed to overturn this decision by [[Moscow]], a rare example of federal [[intervention]] in Kadyrov's rule in the republic.
 
=== Prime Minister ===
 
On [[March 1]], [[2006]], [[Sergey Abramov]] resigned from the position of prime minister and told [[Itar-Tass]] news agency that he
did so "on the condition that Ramzan Kadyrov lead the Chechen [[government]]." This was followed by a [[decree]] of Kadyrov forcing women to wear headscarves; he also rejected a federal appropriation of the republic's [[budget]], demanding more money, and called for all federal forces but the border guards to be withdrawn.
 
On [[April 17]], [[2006]], Kadyrov approved a project to erect a [[presidential palace]] on a 30-acre plot by the [[Sunzha River]] in ruined downtown [[Grozny]]. The compound, which will also include a five-star hotel and recreational facilities, will cost an estimated 1.5 billion [[Russian ruble|ruble]]s ($54 million [[USD]]) to build. Two days later, on [[April 19]], Kadyrov called for [[refugee camps]] scattered about Chechnya to be closed down. "None of these people want to return home. Their actions have political shades. I would call them international spies who are interested in stoking conflict between Chechnya and Russia, who are seeking to destabilize the situation in our region," Kadyrov said at a meeting with municipal and district leaders from around Chechnya. [[Reuters]] quoted Kadyrov as saying that "liquidating the refugee camps will allow us to uncover spies who are working for foreign [[intelligence service]]s." [http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=416&issue_id=3706&article_id=2371029]
 
On [[April 29]], [[2006]], the usage of term ''Kadyrovites'' was officially banned by Kadyrov, following an armed clash with a security force of Chechen pro-Moscow president [[Alu Alkhanov]] in central [[Grozny]].
 
On [[June 5]], [[2006]], Speaker of the Chechen [[People's Assembly]] [[Dukvakha Abdurakhmanov]] said at a [[press conference]] in Moscow that "there is no alternative" to Kadyrov for the [[presidency]]. Kadyrov has ''"exclusive awards in combat, and has made achievements in improving the peaceful life and in human rights protection. Who could replace him at this stage? Nobody."'' he said.
 
On [[November 7]] [[2006]], [[Umar Dzhabrailov]], Chechnya’s representative in the [[Federation Council]] and a close ally of Kadyrov, urged Dukvakha Abdurakhmanov to initiate a measure calling on Kadyrov to become the republic’s president, thereby replacing Alu Alkhanov. [http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=416&issue_id=3919&article_id=2371634] Next week, several Russian newspapers reported that a worsening security situation in Chechnya is lessening the likelihood that Kadyrov will replace Alu Alkhanov as the republic's president. Other media, however, reported that Kadyrov continues to strengthen his position at Alkhanov's expense. [http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=416&issue_id=3926&article_id=2371653]
 
On [[December 6]] [[2006]], Kadyrov said he that he would seek the [[prosecution]] of the commanders of federal military units responsible for the death or disappearance of civilians in Chechnya (particularly [[Major General]] [[Aleksandr Studenikin]]). In addition, Kadyrov said the war in Chechnya was unleashed not by the Chechen people but by the Russian leadership. Kadyrov’s comments may represent his government’s increasing unhappiness with certain figures in Moscow, who are said to be blocking his elevation to the post of Chechen president. [http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=416&issue_id=3948&article_id=2371717]
 
On [[February 5]] [[2007]], Kadyrov said he does not aspire to become the Chechen president; however, he criticized the current president Alkhanov. Kadyrov also claimed the [[Chechen War|war in Chechnya]] is ultimately finished, with "all informal armed groups eliminated". Alkhanov, for his part criticized "the [[cult of personality]] and idealization of one person," a clear reference to Kadyrov, whose enormous portraits are prominently displayed in Grozny.
 
=== Acting President ===
 
On [[February 15]] [[2007]], Putin signed a decree removing Alkhanov and instating Kadyrov as the acting Chechen president. Kadyrov's appointment was widely speculated by observers. [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,252203,00.html]
 
== Accusations of human rights abuses ==
 
Ramzan Kadyrov has often been accused of being brutal, ruthless and anti-democratic; according to media, he was personally implicated in several instances of [[torture]] and [[murder]].
 
* [[Germany|German]] [[human rights]] group the [[Society for Threatened Peoples|Society for Threatened Peoples (GfbV)]], which branded Kadyrov a "[[war criminal]]" who had personally taken part in the torture of [[civilians]], has alleged that up to 70% of recent murder, torture, [[rape]] and [[kidnapping]] incidents in Chechnya have been committed by Ramzan's thousands-strong [[paramilitary]].
* The [[Memorial (society)|Memorial]] group investigator said: "Considering the evidence we have gathered, we have no doubt that most of the crimes which are being committed now in Chechnya are the work of Kadyrov’s men. There is also no doubt in our minds that Kadyrov has personally taken part in beating and torturing people. What they are doing is pure lawlessness. To make matters worse they also go after people who are innocent, whose names were given by someone being tortured to death." "He and his henchmen spread fear and [[terror]] in Chechnya," the group said in a report. "They travel by night as [[death squad]]s, kidnapping civilians, who are then locked in a [[torture chamber]], raped and murdered."[http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=416&issue_id=3714&article_id=2371050]
* [[Anna Politkovskaya]], a veteran Russian [[reporter]] who specialized in Chechnya, claimed that she had been sent video [[footage]] of a man identical in appearance to Ramzan. "On them (the clips)," she told, "were the murders of federal [[servicemen]] by the Kadyrovites, and also kidnappings directed by Kadyrov. These are very serious things; on the basis of this evidence a criminal case and investigation should follow. This could allow this person to be brought to justice, something he has long richly deserved."[http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=416&issue_id=3656]
* The Kadyrovites are often accused of working as a death squad against Kadyrov's enemies, and a kidnapping gang. Ramzan is rumored to own a private [[prison]] in his [[stronghold]] of [[Tsentoroi]], his home village southeast of Grozny. Fields around Tsentoroi are mined and all access routes are blocked by [[checkpoint]]s. On [[May 2]], [[2006]], representatives of the [[Council of Europe]]'s [[Committee for the Prevention of Torture]] (CPT) said they were prevented from entering the fortress.
* According to the [[May 15]], [[2006]] [[International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights]] [http://www.ihf-hr.org/documents/doc_summary.php?sec_id=3&d_id=4249|{Unofficial Places of Detention in the Chechen Republic" report], many illegal places of [[Detention (Imprisonment)|detention]] exist in the Chechen Republic; most of them are run by Kadyrovites. In the village Tsentoroy (Khosi-Yurt), where the Kadyrovite [[headquarters]] is located, there are at least two illegal prisons functioning. One consists of concrete [[bunker]]s or [[pillbox]]es, and kidnapped relatives of armed Chechen fighters - parents, wives, brothers or even children - are held there as [[hostages]]. The second prison in Tsentoroy is evidently located in the yard - or in immediate vicinity - of the house of Ramzan Kadyrov.
* On [[May 25]], [[2006]], Chechen Human Rights Ombudsman Nurdi Nukhazhiyev said: "From now on the situation in the Chechen republic will be closely monitored, and any insults and attacks on Chechen officials, including Prime Minister Ramzan Kadyrov, will be punished." According to Nukhazhiyev's statement "representatives of human rights organizations" drew Kadyrov's attention "to unfounded media accusations of Chechen leaders, including Prime Minister Ramzan Kadyrov."
 
[[Berkas:4e84e96c.jpg|thumb|Chechen woman, accused of adultery with a Russian soldier, is kicked during her public humiliation]]
* Chechen security forces loyal to pro-Moscow Prime Minister Ramzan Kadyrov have begun using [[cell phone]]s to record videos of themselves torturing and humiliating ordinary Chechens accused of crimes. The videos are later circulated, intimidating civilians. [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/09/ba53439c-db63-423d-a08e-736db03e6998.html]
* On [[October 23]] [[2006]], on the basis of the video tape frames published by the [[Novaya Gazeta]] newspaper in the article of Anna Politkovskaya, a [[criminal case]] has been initiated. Sergey Sokolov, deputy editor-in-chief of the paper, told the [[Echo Moskvy]] Radio that it is seen in the films how "Kadyrov's military forces are beating federal soldiers" with participation of "a man looking like Ramzan Kadyrov." [http://eng.kavkaz.memo.ru/newstext/engnews/id/1090100.html] Politkovskaya was shot to death in Moscow on [[October 7]], [[2006]].
* In October 2006, a mutined commander [[Movladi Baisarov]] said about Kadyrov: ''"He acts like a medieval tyrant. If someone tells the truth about what is going on, it's like signing one's own death warrant. Ramzan is a law unto himself. He can do anything he likes. He can take any woman and do whatever he pleases with her. (...) Ramzan acts with total impunity. I know of many people executed on his express orders and I know exactly where they were buried."'' [http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=1104] On [[November 18]], [[2006]], Baisarov was killed in an ambush by members of Kadyrov's police on Moscow's [[Leninskiy Prospekt]], several hundred meters from the Kremlin.
* On [[November 13]] [[2006]] [[Human Rights Watch]] published a [http://hrw.org/backgrounder/eca/chechnya1106/ briefing paper on torture in Chechnya] that it had prepared for the 37th session of the [[United Nations]] [[Committee Against Torture]]. The paper covered torture by personnel of the Second Operational Investigative Bureau ([[ORB-2]]), torture by units under the effective command of Ramzan Kadyrov, torture in secret detention and continuing "disappearances." According to HRW, torture "in both official and secret detention facilities is widespread and systematic in Chechnya." In many cases the perpetrators were so confident that there would be no consequences for their abuses that they did not attempt to conceal their identity. Based on extensive research, HRW concluded in 2005 that [[forced disappearance]]s in Chechnya are so widespread and systematic that they constitute [[crimes against humanity]].
 
==Trivia==
*Among the [[businesses]] Kadyrov controls are a [[boxing]] club called Ramzan, and the [[Pyatigorsk]]-based [[Terek Grozny]] [[football (soccer)|soccer]] team. Former [[United States|American]] boxer [[Mike Tyson]] was a guest in a boxing tournament organized by Kadyrov, an avid boxer, in [[Gudermes]].
*He is known for keeping a pet [[lion]], given to him as a gift after the birth of his first son, as well as a [[wolf]], a [[bear]], an endangered [[Siberian tiger]] and a number of a [[fighting dog]]s.[http://www.washtimes.com/world/20061003-094135-4787r.htm]
*At a concert by Chechen pop singer [[Makka Sagaipova]], he got up and proceeded to dance on the stage, as his bodyguards threw thousands of dollars on the stage.[http://www.amina.com/gfx/showphoto.php?photo=1035&cat=515]
*Ramzan Kadyrov has only a few classes of [[elementary education]] finished; at the same time, he has been elected an honorary member of the [[Russian Academy of Natural Sciences]] [http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=416&issue_id=3590&article_id=2370683] (not to be confused with the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]).-->
 
== Lihat pula ==
 
* [[Kadyrovtsy]]
* [[Pemerintah Federal di Chechnya]]
* [[Perang Chechnya Kedua]]
 
== ReeferensiReferensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 154 ⟶ 101:
 
=== Video ===
 
* [http://static.newsru.com/video/hi/20Mar2006/rusia/kadyroff.asf The criminal case video]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Newsru]]
* [http://www.armedassault.org/web2/zavet-shamilya.html TV Rusia tentang pasukan-pasukan MVD Chechnya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511031919/http://www.armedassault.org/web2/zavet-shamilya.html |date=2008-05-11 }} [[Armed Assault]]
* [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/09/ba53439c-db63-423d-a08e-736db03e6998.html A video of an unidentified woman being assaulted during an interrogation] [[Radio Free Europe]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov"