Vrindavan: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdictionsettlement
|native_name name = Vrindavan |
| other_name = Vrindaban, Brindaban
type = city |
| nicknames = Kota Janda
latd = 27.58 | longd = 77.7
| settlement_type = [[Kota]]
|locator_position = right |
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
state_name = Uttar Pradesh
| photo1a = Iskon Temple, Vrindawan.jpg
|district = [[Distrik Mathura|Mathura]]
| photo1b = Madanmohan Mandir Vrindavan.JPG
|leader_title =
| photo2a = Radha Damodar Temple.JPG
|leader_name =
| photo2b = Radhavallabhlalj.jpg
|altitude = 170
| photo3a = Prem Mandir Vrindavan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (2014).jpg
|population_as_of = 2001
| spacing = 2
|population_total = 56618|
| position = center
population_density =
| color_border = white
|area_magnitude= sq. km
| color = black
|area_total =
| size = 266
|area_telephone =
| foot_montage = '''Searah jarum jam dari atas:'''
|postal_code =
Kuil ISKCON, Kuil Radha Madanmohan, Kuil Radha Damodar, Kuil Radha Vallabh, Prem Mandir}}
|vehicle_code_range =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
|sex_ratio =
| pushpin_map_alt =
|unlocode =
| pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi di Uttar Pradesh, India
|website =
| pushpin_label_position = right
|footnotes =
| coordinates = {{coord|27.58|N|77.7|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara berdaulat|Negara]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Pembagian administratif India|Negara Bagian]]
| subdivision_type2 = Distrik
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = Mathura
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Perusahaan Kota
| governing_body = Perusahaan Kota Mathura-Vrindavan
| leader_title = [[Walikota]]
| leader_name = Vinod Agarwal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etnownews.com/news/live-mathura-vrindavan-mayor-election-result-2023-counting-news-online-latest-updates-vinod-agarwal-bjp-raja-mohtasim-ahmed-bsp-liveblog-100204223|title=BJP's mayoral candidate from Mathura Vinod Agarwal wins|date=13 May 2023|work=ET Now News|access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref>
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 170
| population_total = 63,005
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Vrindavan wasi
| demographics_type1 = Bahasa
| demographics1_title1 = Resmi
| timezone1 = [[Waktu Standar India|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 281121
| area_code = 0565
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-85
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title3 = Daerah
| demographics1_info3 = Braj Bhasha
}}
'''Vrindavan''' {{IAST3|Vṛndāvana}}), juga dieja '''Vrindaban''' dan '''Brindaban''',<ref name=":0" /> adalah kota bersejarah di distrik Mathura [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Terletak di wilayah [[Braj]] dan memiliki makna keagamaan bagi umat Hindu yang percaya bahwa [[Krishna]], salah satu dewa utama dalam [[Hinduisme]], menghabiskan sebagian besar masa kecilnya di kota ini.<ref name="Hawley">{{cite book |surname=Hawley |given=John Stratton |title=Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century |url=https://archive.org/details/krishnasplaygrou0000hawl |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-19-012398-7 |place=Oxford; New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UP gets first officially designated 'teerth sthals' in Vrindavan and Barsana|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/up-gets-first-officially-designated-teerth-sthals-in-vrindavan-and-barsana/articleshow/61277272.cms|date=27 October 2017|publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="route">{{cite web |title=NHAI |url=http://www.nhai.org/NH2_Delhi_Kolkata_main.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204065036/http://www.nhai.org/NH2_Delhi_Kolkata_main.htm |archive-date=4 December 2016 |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Keene|first=Henry George|author-link=Henry George Keene (1826–1915)|title=A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookforvis00keengoog#page/n113/mode/1up|chapter=Bindrabun|date=1899|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co.|pages=98–106}}</ref> Vrindavan memiliki sekitar 5.500 kuil yang didedikasikan untuk pemujaan terhadap Krishna dan permaisuri utamanya, [[Radha]].<ref name="Madan">{{cite book |last=Gopal |first=Madan |url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada |title=India through the ages |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |year=1990 |editor=K.S. Gautam |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/176 176]}}</ref> Ini adalah salah satu tempat paling sakral untuk tradisi [[Waisnawa]].<ref name="Hawley" /><ref name="Madan" />
'''Vrindavan''' ({{lang-hi|वृन्दावन}}) (ejaan lain: '''Vrindaban''', '''Brindavan''', '''Brindavana''', atau '''Brundavan'''), juga dikenal dengan nama '''Vraj''' atau '''Braj''', adalah kota yang terletak di [[distrik Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Dahulu Vrindavan adalah hutan kuno tempat [[Kresna]] menghabiskan masa kecil dan remajanya bersama [[Radha]].
 
Vrindavan merupakan bagian dari "sirkuit ziarah Krishna" yang sedang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Pariwisata India. Sirkuit ini juga mencakup [[Mathura]], [[Barsana]], [[Gokul]], [[Govardhan]], [[Kurukshetra]], [[Dwaraka (kota)|Dwaraka]] dan [[Puri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Development of Ramayana and Krishna Circuits |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1513307 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=G. |title=Oxford Art Online |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t090249 |chapter=Vrindavan |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=Oxford Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t090249 |isbn=978-1-884446-05-4 }}</ref>
Kota ini terletak sejauh 15&nbsp;km dari [[Mathura]], tempat kelahiran Kresna. Di Vrindavan terdapat ratusan kuil baik kuil kuno ataupun kuil baru untuk menyembah Dewi [[Radha]] dan Dewa [[Kresna]].
 
== Geografi ==
=== Iklim ===
{{Weather box
| location = Mathura (1981–2010, ekstrim 1974–1995)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 29.6
| Feb record high C = 34.1
| Mar record high C = 40.1
| Apr record high C = 45.1
| May record high C = 47.1
| Jun record high C = 47.6
| Jul record high C = 44.6
| Aug record high C = 42.7
| Sep record high C = 40.6
| Oct record high C = 42.1
| Nov record high C = 35.1
| Dec record high C = 30.1
| year record high C = 47.6
| Jan high C = 21.3
| Feb high C = 24.4
| Mar high C = 30.4
| Apr high C = 36.6
| May high C = 41.2
| Jun high C = 41.2
| Jul high C = 36.1
| Aug high C = 34.6
| Sep high C = 34.2
| Oct high C = 33.3
| Nov high C = 29.1
| Dec high C = 23.3
| year high C = 32.1
| Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb low C = 8.3
| Mar low C = 13.2
| Apr low C = 17.9
| May low C = 23.9
| Jun low C = 25.9
| Jul low C = 25.5
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 23.5
| Oct low C = 18.3
| Nov low C = 11.6
| Dec low C = 7.7
| year low C = 17.3
| Jan record low C = 1.0
| Feb record low C = 0.5
| Mar record low C = 5.0
| Apr record low C = 7.0
| May record low C = 8.5
| Jun record low C = 17.0
| Jul record low C = 11.5
| Aug record low C = 17.5
| Sep record low C = 17.6
| Oct record low C = 11.5
| Nov record low C = 4.0
| Dec record low C = 2.0
| year record low C = 0.5
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 10.4
| Feb rain mm = 13.6
| Mar rain mm = 6.8
| Apr rain mm = 10.1
| May rain mm = 17.8
| Jun rain mm = 35.5
| Jul rain mm = 164.7
| Aug rain mm = 205.2
| Sep rain mm = 105.0
| Oct rain mm = 18.0
| Nov rain mm = 3.9
| Dec rain mm = 9.0
| year rain mm = 600.1
| Jan rain days = 0.9
| Feb rain days = 1.3
| Mar rain days = 1.0
| Apr rain days = 0.9
| May rain days = 1.5
| Jun rain days = 3.0
| Jul rain days = 9.0
| Aug rain days = 9.1
| Sep rain days = 4.9
| Oct rain days = 0.9
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 1.1
| year rain days = 33.9
| time day = 17:30 [[Waktu Standar India|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 65
| Feb humidity = 59
| Mar humidity = 53
| Apr humidity = 48
| May humidity = 39
| Jun humidity = 43
| Jul humidity = 67
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 71
| Oct humidity = 63
| Nov humidity = 56
| Dec humidity = 60
| year humidity = 58
| source 1 = [[Departemen Meteorologi India]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Mathura Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 481–482
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M220
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref>
}}
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==