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{{Ensiklopedia Islam|Muhammad}}
{{Rukun Islam}}
'''Haji''' ({{IPAc-en|h|æ|dʒ}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hajj "Hajj"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230150928/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hajj|date=2014-12-30}}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-ar|{{large|حج|}}}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ḥaǧǧ}}'' "[[wikt:ziarah|ziarah]]") adalah ziarah Islam tahunan ke [[Mekkah]], kota suci umat [[Islam]], dan kewajiban wajib bagi umat Islam yang harus dilakukan setidaknya sekali seumur hidup mereka oleh semua orang Muslim dewasa yang secara fisik dan finansial mampu melakukan perjalanan, dan dapat mendukung keluarga mereka selama ketidakhadiran mereka.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title= Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my7hnALd_NkC&pg=PA110|year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn= 0-253-21627-3 |page=110}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2011-10-02 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Ini adalah satu dari [[Rukun Islam|lima Rukun Islam]], di samping [[Syahadat]], [[Salat]], [[Zakat]], dan ''[[puasa|Sawm]]''. Haji adalah pertemuan tahunan terbesar orang-orang di dunia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mosher |first=Lucinda |title=Praying: The Rituals of Faith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2b7fmfvpYZYC&pg=PA155 |access-date=18 September 2014 |year=2005 |publisher=Church Publishing, Inc. |isbn=9781596270169 |page=155}}</ref><ref name="time 2013"/> Keadaan yang secara fisik dan finansial mampu melakukan ibadah haji disebut ''istita'ah'', dan seorang Muslim yang memenuhi syarat ini disebut ''mustati''. Haji adalah demonstrasi solidaritas orang-orang Muslim, dan ketundukan mereka kepada [[Tuhan]] ([[Allah]]).<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=9789812308023 |page=228}}</ref> Kata Haji berarti "berniat melakukan perjalanan", yang berkonotasi baik tindakan luar dari perjalanan dan tindakan ke dalam niat.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book | editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=9789780814472 |page=395}}</ref>
 
Ziarah terjadi dari tanggal 8 sampai 12 (atau dalam beberapa kasus ke 13<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html|title=13th of Zil Hajj|work=heliohost.org|access-date=2017-04-22|archive-date=2019-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>) dari [[Zulhijjah]], bulan terakhir kalender Islam. Karena [[kalender Islam]] adalah bulan dan tahun Islam kira-kira sebelas hari lebih pendek daripada [[kalender Gregorian]], tanggal haji Gregorian berubah dari tahun ke tahun. Ihram adalah nama yang diberikan pada keadaan spiritual khusus di mana peziarah mengenakan dua lembar putih kain halus. Dan menjauhkan diri dari tindakan tertentu.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram |title=ihram |date=2014 |work= Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hajj.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=53 |title=Ihram - Summary |work=Hajj Portal |access-date=20 November 2013 |archive-date=2008-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721005117/http://www.hajj.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=53 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
Haji dikaitkan dengan kehidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abad ke-7, namun ritual ziarah ke Mekkah dianggap oleh umat Islam untuk meregangkan ribuan tahun sampai Ibrahim. Selama haji, peziarah bergabung dalam prosesi ratusan ribu orang, yang secara bersamaan berkumpul di Mekkah selama minggu haji, dan melakukan serangkaian ritual: setiap orang [[tawaf|berjalan berlawanan arah jarum jam tujuh kali]] di sekitar [[Ka'bah]] (berbentuk kubus Bangunan dan arah doa untuk kaum Muslim), berjalan bolak-balik antara bukit-bukit [[Shofa dan Marwah|Al-Safa dan Al-Marwah]], minuman dari Sumur [[Zamzam]], sampai ke dataran [[Arafah|Gunung Arafah]] untuk berjaga-jaga, menghabiskan satu malam di Dataran [[Muzdalifah]], dan melakukan rajam simbolis iblis dengan [[lempar jumrah|melemparkan batu]] ke tiga pilar. Para peziarah kemudian mencukur kepala mereka, melakukan [[kurban (Islam)|ritual pengorbanan hewan]], dan merayakan festival global tiga hari [[Idul Adha]].<ref name=armstrong>{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |url=https://archive.org/details/islamshorthistor00arms_131 |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/islamshorthistor00arms_131/page/n24 10]–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name=ngeo>{{cite news |title=Inside Makkah |format=video documentary |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |year=2003 |author=Anisa Mehdi |author2=John Bredar}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=2012-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113064237/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref>
 
Jamaah haji juga bisa pergi ke [[Mekkah]] untuk melakukan ritual di lain waktu sepanjang tahun. Ini kadang disebut "ziarah yang lebih rendah", atau [[Umrah]].<ref name="RT-2016"/> Namun, biarpun mereka memilih untuk melakukan umrah, mereka masih diwajibkan untuk melakukan ibadah haji di lain waktu dalam hidup mereka jika mereka memiliki sarana untuk melakukannya, karena Umrah bukan pengganti haji.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon|title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr00stef_385|publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=[[New York City|New York]] |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr00stef_385/page/n72 73]}}</ref>
Baris 35:
 
== Waktu ==
Tanggal Haji dilaksanakan mengikuti [[kalender Islam]] (dikenal dengan kalender Hijriyah atau H), yang didasari penanggalan [[kalender bulan]].<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel Said |authorlink= |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&lpg=PT33&dq=Gregorian%20date%20of%20Hajj&pg=PT33#v=onepage&q=Gregorian%20date%20of%20Hajj&f=false |accessdate=15 November 2014 |year= 2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn= 9781451408126 |page=33}}</ref> Setiap tahun, ritual Haji dilaksanakan dalam periode lima hari, mulai dari tanggal 8 dan berakhir di 12 [[Zulhijjah]], bulan kedua belas sekaligus terakhir kalender Islam. Selama lima hari tersebut, 9 Zulhijjah dikenal sebagai [[Hari Arafah]], dan hari ini dikenal dengan nama hari Haji. Dikarenakan kalender Islam adalah [[kalender bulan|jenis kalender bulan]] dan tahun Islam berbeda sebelas hari lebih sedikit dibanding tahun Gregorian, tanggal Haji menurut kalender Gregorian berubah dari tahun ke tahun. Para jamaah Haji pun menghitung penanggalan musim Haji sebelas atau sepuluh hari lebih awal dari tanggal Haji dari satu tahun sebelumnya.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |accessdate=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=9781857758122 |page=95}}</ref> Hal ini dapat menyebabkan musim Haji jatuh dua kali dalam satu tahun kalender Gregorian, dan terjadi hanya 33 tahun sekali. Fenomena langka tersebut baru-baru ini terjadi di musim Haji 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |date=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |accessdate=24 November 2014 |archive-date=2017-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909063645/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> Tabel di bawah ini menunjukkan penanggalan Gregorian untuk musim Haji tahun terkini (tanggal dalam tabel bertepatan dengan 9 Zulhijah tahun Hijriah):
{| class="wikitable"
! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018
|-
| 5 November<ref>{{cite book |last=Penprase |first=Bryan E |title=The Power of Stars: How Celestial Observations Have Shaped Civilization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXOxGOpawuMC&pg=PA142 |accessdate= |year=2010 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781441968036 |page=142}}</ref> || 25 Oktober || 14 Oktober<ref>{{cite news |title=Hajj celebrated by Muslims in Mecca - video|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/oct/15/hajj-celebrated-muslims-in-mecca-video |accessdate=16 November 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 October 2013|archive-date=2014-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129071251/http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/oct/15/hajj-celebrated-muslims-in-mecca-video|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Hajj-today">{{cite news |title=Hajj today|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/hajj-today/ |accessdate=16 November 2014|newspaper=The Daily Star|date=14 October 2013|archive-date=2014-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021421/http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/hajj-today/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> || 3 Oktober<ref>{{cite news |title=Islamic State militants are enemies of humanity: Saudi Grand Mufti|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1135961/islamic-state-militants-are-enemies-of-humanity-saudi-grand-mufti | accessdate=16 November 2014|newspaper=Dawn |date=3 October 2014|archive-date=2020-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316123913/https://www.dawn.com/news/1135961/islamic-state-militants-are-enemies-of-humanity-saudi-grand-mufti|dead-url=no}}</ref> || 23 September<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021|title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace|date=24 September 2015|work=The Daily Star|accessdate=26 September 2015|archive-date=2020-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021|dead-url=no}}</ref> || 11 September<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/World/352397-Rituals-of-the-hajj|title=Rituals of the hajj - World - Dunya News|publisher=|access-date=2017-05-09|archive-date=2019-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409232521/http://dunyanews.tv/en/World/352397-Rituals-of-the-hajj|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="v3502133">{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html|title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia|first=Cecily|last=Hilleary|publisher=|access-date=2017-05-09|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> || 31 Agustus<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/jurnal-haji/berita-jurnal-haji/17/08/23/ov4mtn-puncak-haji-akan-berlangsung-pada-31-agustus|title=Puncak Haji akan Berlangsung pada 31 Agustus|publisher=|access-date=2018-08-21|archive-date=2022-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627093154/https://www.republika.co.id/berita/jurnal-haji/berita-jurnal-haji/17/08/23/ov4mtn-puncak-haji-akan-berlangsung-pada-31-agustus|dead-url=no}}</ref>|| 20 Agustus<ref name=Tempo.co>{{Cite news|url=https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1118752/puncak-haji-2018-jemaah-wukuf-di-padang-arafah-hari-ini/full%26Paging%3DOtomatis|title=Puncak Haji 2018, Jemaah Wukuf di Padang Arafah Hari Ini|date=20 Agustus 2018|work=[[Tempo.co]]|accessdate=21 Agustus 2018|language=id|archive-date=2018-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093835/https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1118752/puncak-haji-2018-jemaah-wukuf-di-padang-arafah-hari-ini/full%26Paging%3DOtomatis|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|}
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Ritual ''[[Tawaf]]'' termasuk berjalan tujuh kali melawan arah jarum jam mengelilingi Ka'bah.<ref name=Marshall89>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |accessdate=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89}}</ref> Ketika sampai di Masjidil Haram, jamaah melakukan tawaf kedatangan yang juga bagian dari [[Umrah]] atau sebagai tawaf selamat datang.<ref name=Long16>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E.|title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url= http://books.google.com./books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA16 |year=1979 |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn= 0-87395-382-7 |page=16}}</ref> Saat tawaf, jamaah juga memasuki Hateem–sebuah wilayah di sisi utara Ka'bah \–di dalam jalan mereka. Setiap putaran dimulai dengan mencium atau menyentuh Batu Hitam ([[Hajar Aswad]]).<ref name=Long17>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E.|title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |url= http://books.google.com./books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |page=17 |isbn=9780873953825}}</ref> Jika mencium batu tidak memungkinkan karena padatnya jamaah, mereka cukup menyejajarkan diri dengan arah Batu Hitam dengan men[[cium tangan]] sendiri ketika tawaf. Makan tidak diperbolehkan namun minum air tetap diizinkan, karena risiko dehidrasi. Laki-laki dianjurkan untuk melakukan tiga putaran pertama dengan cepat dikenal sebagai ''Ramal'', dan diikuti empat putaran lainnya dengan tidak terlalu cepat.<ref name=AtoZ>{{cite book | title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z | url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha | last = Mohamed | first= Mamdouh N. | year = 1996 | publisher=Amana Publications | isbn= 0-915957-54-X}}</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2015}}<ref name=Long17/>
 
Pelengkap ibadah tawaf adalah salat dua [[Raka'at]] di belakang [[Maqam Ibrahim|Tempat Ibrahim]] (Muqam Ibrahim), sebuah tugu dekat Ka'bah di dalam masjid.<ref name=Long17/><ref name=Adelowo401>{{cite book | editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=9789780814472 |page=401 |access-date=2017-05-09 |archive-date=2023-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813004557/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Walau demikian, dikarenakan padatnya jamaah saat musim Haji, mereka cukup melaksanakan salat di mana saja di dalam masjid. Setelah salat, jamaah juga meminum air dari sumur Zamzam, yang tersedia dalam keran Masjid.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah|url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |accessdate=7 September 2014|newspaper=Arab News |date=7 July 2014|archive-date=2016-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Walaupun secara tradisional ibadah tawaf dilakukan di lantai dasar, tawaf saat ini juga dapat dilakukan di lantai pertama dan atap masjid agar tidak terjadi kepadatan.
Baris 83:
[[Berkas:Arafat pilgrims.jpg|jmpl|Jamaah mengenakan ihram di dataran Arafat saat musim Haji]]
[[Berkas:Mount Arafah.jpg|jmpl|Gunung Arafah saat musim Haji]]
Setelah salat [[subuh|pagi (subuh)]] di 8 Zulhijah, jamaah pergi ke [[Mina, Saudi Arabia|Mina]] di mana mereka menghabiskan waktu untuk melaksanakan salat [[zuhur|tengah hari (dzuhur)]], [[Asar|sore (ashar)]], [[maghrib|petang (maghrib)]], dan [[Isya'|malam (isya)]].<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book | editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=9789780814472 |page=403 |access-date=2017-05-09 |archive-date=2023-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813004552/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Keesokan paginya setelah salat pagi, mereka meninggalkan Mina menuju Arafat.
 
=== Hari kedua: 9 Zulhijah ===
Baris 101:
[[Berkas:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|jmpl|Jamaah Haji melakukan upacara lempar jumrah di musim Haji 2006]]
 
Kembali di Mina, jamaah Haji melakukan upacara simbolik [[lempar jumrah|melempari Iblis dengan batu]] (Ramy al-Jamarat) dengan melontarkan tujuh buah batu hanya ke salah satu dari tiga pilar, dikenal sebagai Jamrat al-Aqabah dari matahari terbit hingga terbenam.<ref name=ngeo/><ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781445237916 |page=220 |access-date=2017-05-09 |archive-date=2023-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813004612/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Dua pilar (jamarah) lainnya tidak diberlakukan ibadah melempar jumrah pada hari tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easyhajj.co.uk/throwingpebbles.php |title=easyhajj.co.uk |publisher=easyhajj.co.uk |date= |accessdate=19 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811073422/http://www.easyhajj.co.uk/throwingpebbles.php |archivedate=11 August 2011 }}</ref> Ketiga tiang tersebut direpresentasikan sebagai Syetan.<ref>{{cite book |author=Nigosian |title= Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my7hnALd_NkC&pg=PA112|year=2004 |isbn= 0-253-21627-3 |page=112}}</ref> Jamaah naik ke [[Jembatan Jumrah]], sebagai tempat melempar jumrah. Dikarenakan alasan keamanan, di 2004 tiang diganti dengan tembok panjang besar, dengan parit penampung kerikil di bawahnya.<ref name=Marshall90>{{cite book |last= |first= |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA90 |accessdate=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=90}}</ref><ref name=Mohamed54>{{cite book | editor1-first= Mohamed |editor1-last= Gad-el-Hak |title=Large-Scale Disasters: Prediction, Control, and Mitigation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfDs5KWqyzcC&pg=PA54 |accessdate=13 January 2015 |year=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139472296 |page=54}}</ref>
 
==== PengorbananKurban hewan ====
Setelah melempar jumrah, hewan disembelih sebagai cara untuk memperingati kisah Ibrahim dan Isma'il. Secara tradisional jamaah mengorbankan hewan mereka sendiri-sendiri, atau mengatur penyembelihan. Kini beberapa jamaah Haji cukup membeli voucher kurban di Mekkah sebelum musim Haji berlangsung, yang mengeluarkan seekor hewan untuk dikurbankan dengan menyebut nama Allah pada hari kesepuluh Zulhijah, tanpa dihadiri oleh jamaah Haji pemiliknya. Proses yang modern mempercepat pengemasan daging, yang kemudian dibagikan kepada orang miskin di seluruh dunia.<ref name=ngeo/><ref name=RESA/> Di waktu yang sama seperti di Mekkah, Muslim juga melakukanmelaksanakan pengorbananKurban, dalam tigaempat hari berturut-turut (10, 11, 12, dan 13 Zulhijjah ) yang dikenal dengan nama ''Eid al-AdhaIduladha''.<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/>
 
==== Cukur rambut ====
Baris 121:
| location =
| isbn = 1-889999-38-5
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z | url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha | last = Mohamed | first= Mamdouh N. | year = 1996 | publisher=Mamdouh Mohamed | ISBN=0-915957-54-X}}</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.central-mosque.com/fiqh/Hajj_Leaflet.pdf |title=Hajj Leaflet] |access-date=2017-04-22 |archive-date=2021-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226113343/http://www.central-mosque.com/fiqh/Hajj_Leaflet.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/hajjandfiveschools/1.htm |title=The Hajj according to the Five Schools |access-date=2017-04-22 |archive-date=2012-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301112435/http://www.al-islam.org/hajjandfiveschools/1.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/hajj/shariati |title=Hajj: The Pilgrimage] |access-date=2017-04-22 |archive-date=2013-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924080802/http://www.al-islam.org/hajj/shariati/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title=An Introduction to Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontois0004denn | last = Denny | first= Frederick Mathewson | year = 2010 | publisher=Prentice Hall | ISBN=0-13814477-X}}</ref>
 
=== Hari keempat: 11 Zulhijah ===
Baris 146:
=== Arafah ===
{{unreferenced section|date=Juni 2018}}
Kota di sebelah timur Makkah ini juga dikenal sebagai tempat pusatnya haji, yaitu tempat dilaksanakannya wukuf yakni pada tanggal 9 Zulhijah tiap tahunnya. Daerah berbentuk padang luas ini adalah tempat berkumpulnya sekitar dua juta jamaah haji dari seluruh dunia dan selalu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Di luar musim haji, daerah ini tidak dipakai.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2022-06-27|title=4 Fakta Padang Arafah, Tempat Wukuf Jemaah Haji Halaman all|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2022/06/27/200300427/4-fakta-padang-arafah-tempat-wukuf-jemaah-haji-|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2023-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205081758/https://travel.kompas.com/read/2022/06/27/200300427/4-fakta-padang-arafah-tempat-wukuf-jemaah-haji-|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
=== Muzdalifah ===
Baris 153:
=== Mina ===
{{unreferenced section|date=Juni 2018}}
Tempat berdirinya tugu jumrah, yaitu tempat pelaksanaan kegiatan melontarkan batu ke tugu jumrah sebagai simbolisasi tindakan Nabi Ibrahim ketika mengusir setan. Di masing-masing tempat itu berdiri tugu yang digunakan untuk pelaksanaan: [[lempar jumrah|Jumrah Aqabah]], [[lempar jumrah|Jumrah Ula]], dan [[lempar jumrah|Jumrah Wustha]]. Di tempat ini jamaah juga diwajibkan untuk menginap (mabit) satu malam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Berapa Durasi Minimal Menginap di Mina saat Haji?|url=https://islam.nu.or.id/haji-umrah-dan-kurban/berapa-durasi-minimal-menginap-di-mina-saat-haji-F1CTN|website=nu.or.id|language=id-id|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2022-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222003948/https://islam.nu.or.id/haji-umrah-dan-kurban/berapa-durasi-minimal-menginap-di-mina-saat-haji-F1CTN|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Setya|first=Devi|title=Sejarah Mina, Tempat Mulia yang Jadi Area Berkumpul Jamaah Haji|url=https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-6181074/sejarah-mina-tempat-mulia-yang-jadi-area-berkumpul-jamaah-haji|website=detikedu|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2022-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222214840/https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-6181074/sejarah-mina-tempat-mulia-yang-jadi-area-berkumpul-jamaah-haji|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-12|title=Lempar Jumrah di Mina {{!}} Ihram|url=https://ihram.republika.co.id/berita/pmsd5u313/lempar-jumrah-di-mina|website=ihram.co.id|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2022-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222003950/https://ihram.republika.co.id/berita/pmsd5u313/lempar-jumrah-di-mina|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
=== Madinah ===
Baris 161:
== Salat Arbain ==
{{unreferenced section|date=Juni 2018}}
Haji Arbain ({{lang-ar|اربعين}} ''arba'in'', artinya "empat puluh") adalah ibadah haji yang disertai dengan salat fardhu sebanyak 40 kali di Masjid An-Nabawi Madinah tanpa terputus. Ibadah ini sering kali dikerjakan oleh jamaah haji dari Indonesia. Dalam pelaksanaannya, mereka setidak-tidaknya tinggal di Madinah saat haji selama 8 atau 9 hari, dan dengan perhitungan sehari akan salat wajib sebanyak 5 kali dan selama 8 atau 9 hari maka akan tercukupi jumlah 40 kali salat wajib tanpa terputus.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Febriani|first=Anisa Rizki|title=Sholat Arbain di Masjid Nabawi dalam Ibadah Haji, Apa Artinya?|url=https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-6116050/sholat-arbain-di-masjid-nabawi-dalam-ibadah-haji-apa-artinya|website=detikedu|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2022-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222005700/https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-6116050/sholat-arbain-di-masjid-nabawi-dalam-ibadah-haji-apa-artinya|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Persiapan dan Fasilitas ==
[[Berkas:Saudi security forces on parade - Flickr - Al Jazeera English (16).jpg|jmpl|Seorang petugas keamanan Saudi sedang menjalankan tugasnya ketika musim Haji]]
 
Selayaknya keharusan bagi pemerintah Saudi setiap tahunnya untuk pertumbuhan jumlah jamaah Hajj poses sebuah tantangan logistik untuk pemerintah [[Arab Saudi]], yang berwenang, sejak 1950-an, dihabiskan lebih dari $100 miliar untuk menambah sarana dan prasarana Haji.<ref name=Campo283/><ref name=Harrison156>{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |accessdate=6 October 2014|year=2001 |publisher=[[CABI (CAB International)|CABI]] |isbn=9780851994338 |page=156}}</ref> Permasalahan utama seperti perumahan, transportasi, sanitasi, dan layanan kesehatan dibenahi dan dievaluasi besar-besaran oleh pemerintah dengan memeperkenalkan beberapa progran, dengan tujuan agar jamaah haji saat ini menikmati dan fasilitas modern dalam melaksanakan ritual Haji.<ref name=RESA/> Pemerintah Arab Saudi kadang kala menaik-turunkan kuota untuk berbagai negara untuk mempertahankan jumlah jamaah agar terkendali, serta menyusun kekuatan petugas keamanan besar-besaran dan kamera CCTV untuk memantau keamanan situasi saat Haji.<ref name=Campo283/><ref name=Harrison156/><ref>{{cite news |title=Dhaka seeks reconsidering 20pc cut in Hajj pilgrims quota|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/dhaka-seeks-reconsidering-20pc-cut-in-hajj-pilgrims-quota-12057 |accessdate=2 September 2014|newspaper=The Daily Star|date=19 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307004609/https://www.thedailystar.net/dhaka-seeks-reconsidering-20pc-cut-in-hajj-pilgrims-quota-12057|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Hajj pilgrimage 2011: by numbers |url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/8867639/Hajj-pilgrimage-2011-by-numbers.html |accessdate= 1 September 2014 |newspaper= Telegraph |date= 3 November 2011 |archive-date= 2014-10-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141011124805/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/8867639/Hajj-pilgrimage-2011-by-numbers.html |dead-url= no }}</ref> Beragam program institusi dan pemerintah, seperti [[Subsidi Haji]] di India atau [[Tabung Haji]] di Malaysia meringankan jamaah dalam biaya perjalanan haji.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uphajcommittee.com/history.htm |title=History of Haj Announcement India |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh, India |accessdate= |archive-date=2019-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904012443/http://uphajcommittee.com/history.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Untuk Haji 2014, khusus meja informasi Haji di pasang di bandara-bandara di [[Pakistan]] untuk membantu jamaah haji.<ref>{{cite news|title=First Hajj flight leaves for Jeddah|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-269699-First-Hajj-flight-leaves-for-Jeddah|accessdate=3 September 2014|newspaper=[[The News International]]|date=29 August 2014|archive-date=2014-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904084539/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-269699-First-Hajj-flight-leaves-for-Jeddah|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
== Transportasi ==
[[Berkas:A_Step_by_Step_Guide_to_Hajj_(Islamic_pilgrimages).webm|thumbtime=1|jmpl|220px |alt=A Step by Step Guide to Hajj|Video petunjuk Haji]]
 
Secara tradisional, peziarah ke Mekkah kebanyakan mengadakan perjalanan ziarah dengan menaiki [[unta]] sebagai transportasi utama. Saat pertengahan abad ke sembilan belas (setelah 1850-an), [[kapal uap]] mulai digunakan untuk perjalanan jamaah Haji ke Mekkah, dan jumlah jamaah Haji yang melakukan perjalanan melalui laut pun mulai meningkat.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Eric |editor1-last=Tagliacozzo |editor2-first=Shawkat |editor2-last=Toorawa |title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA178 | year=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=178}}</ref> Hal tersebut berlangsung selama beberapa masa,<ref>{{cite book |last=Elfenbein |first=Caleb Heart Iyer |title=Differentiating Islam: Colonialism, Sayyid Qutb, and Religious Transformation in Modern Egypt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8HPg4dgR5XEC&pg=PA209 |accessdate=29 August 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=ProQuest |isbn=9780549987710 |page=209}}</ref> sampai perjalanan udara lahir dan mendominasi; [[Mesir]] memperkenalkan jasa penerbangan pertama untuk jamaah Haji di 1937.<ref name=Long48>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA48 |year=1979 |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn= 0-87395-382-7 |page=48 |access-date=2017-05-09 |archive-date=2023-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813010629/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA48 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Miller2006">{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=M. B.|title=Pilgrims' Progress: The Business of the Hajj|journal=Past & Present |volume=191 |issue=1 |year=2006 |pages=189–228 |issn=0031-2746 |doi=10.1093/pastj/gtj009}}</ref> Saat ini, beberapa perusahaan penerbangan dan biro perjalanan offer Hajj packages, dan menyusun transportasi dan akomodasi untuk jamaah Haji.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA157 |accessdate=29 August 2014|year=2001 |publisher=[[CABI (CAB International)|CABI]] |isbn=9780851994338 |page=157}}</ref> [[Bandar Udara Internasional King Abdul Aziz]] di Jeddah dan [[Bandar Udara Internasional Pangeran Mohammad bin Abdul Aziz]] di Madinah menjadi terminal khusus bagi para Jamaah Haji untuk mempermudah pintu masuk kedatangan jamaah Haji.<ref name=RESA2>{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/transportation_and_communication/air_travel.aspx |title=Air Travel |date=2013 |work=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |accessdate=29 August 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010162904/http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/transportation_and_communication/air_travel.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pilgrims Start Arriving From India, Pakistan as Haj Terminal Is Officially Opened|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/276926|work=Arab News|accessdate=26 February 2013|archive-date=2016-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222073510/http://www.arabnews.com/node/276926|dead-url=no}}</ref> Bandar udara internasional lain di seluruh dunia, sepeeti [[Bandar Udara Internasional Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] dj [[New Delhi]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Rajiv Gandhi]] di [[Hyderabad]], [[Bandar Udara Internasional Jinnah|Jinnah]] di [[Karachi]] dan [[Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta|Soekarno-Hatta]] di [[Jakarta]] juga memiliki terminal khusus atau temporary facilities untuk melayani jamaah dalam keberangkatan maupun kedatangan kembali ke tanah air.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-guides.com/asia/india/delhi/new-delhi/new_delhi_airport.html |title=New Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) Information |date=2014 |work=World Guides |publisher=TravelSmart Ltd |accessdate=29 August 2014 |archive-date=2020-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215055048/http://www.world-guides.com/asia/india/delhi/new-delhi/new_delhi_airport.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Saat Haji, beberapa maskapai menambah jumlah penerbangan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan karena banyaknya jumlah jamaah Haji.<ref name=Harrison156/><ref name=RESA2/>
 
Saat musim Haji berlangsung, jamaah Haji bepergian antara lokasi-lokasi berbeda dengan bus atau berjalan kaki. Pemerintah Saudi mengawasi dengan ketat akses kendaraan yang melewati jalur-jalur padat. Walau bagaimanapun, perjalanan masih tetap dilaksanakan dalam beberapa jam saat kepadatan lalu lintas kendaraan dan pejalan kaki. Di 2010, pemerintah Saudi memulai mengoperasikan sebuah monorel yang mengangkut jamaah ke Arafat, Muzdalifah dan Mina. Jasa ini mampu mengurangi waktu perjalanan "Nafrah" dari Arafat ke Muzdalifah untuk beberapa menit. Jika angkutan ini melebihi kapasitas, penggunaan monorel tidak dibuka untuk jamaah haji dan subyeknya untuk pengawasan ketat oleh pemerintah Saudi. Saat ini, monorel mampu mengangkut hingga 500.000 jamaah haji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-14|title=Saudi Bangun Monorel Mekkah Layani 5 Juta Jemaah Haji|url=https://kemenag.go.id/berita/read/80106|website=Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2022-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221234708/https://kemenag.go.id/berita/read/80106|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
== Masalah Berdesakan ==
Jumlah jamaah haji meningkat secara besar-besaran akhir-akhir ini, yang menyebabkan beberapa kecelakaan dan kematian karena terlalu padat. Kecelakaan pertama di musim Haji masa modern terjadi di 1990, ketika sebuah terowongan runtuh dan merenggut 1,462 nyawa.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://bigstory.ap.org/article/aa29c2ecc36d4b748fedbb40d36b335f/glance-major-hajj-related-incidents-saudi-arabia | title = Glance at major hajj-related incidents in Saudi Arabia | work = Associated Press | date = 11 September 2015 | accessdate = 10 October 2015 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6cAiKZqk6?url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/aa29c2ecc36d4b748fedbb40d36b335f/glance-major-hajj-related-incidents-saudi-arabia | archivedate = 2015-10-10 | dead-url = no }}</ref> Setelah kejadian tersebut, beragam teknik pemecah kepadatan jamaah digunakan untuk alasan keamanan. Penyebab desak-desakan besar, beberapa hal dilakukan jamaah Haji agar lebih simbolik. Untuk contohnya, ketertidakwajiban untuk mencium [[Hajar Aswad]]. Alternatifnya, jamaah hanya perlu mencium tangannya sendiri kemudian melambaikan tangannya ketika sejajar dengan Hajar Aswad saat melakukan [[Tawaf]]. Juga, pilar besar yang digunakan untuk [[lempar jumrah|melempar jumrah]] di ubah menjadi tembok panjang di 2004 dengan parit di bawahnya untuk mewadahi batu-batu.<ref name=Marshall90/><ref name=Mohamed54/> Contoh lain adalah kurban, yang saat ini ditangani rumah pemotongan hewan yang di kelola otoritas Saudi, tanpa jamaah yang hadir di sana.<ref name=AtoZ/><ref name=CGOIJ>{{cite web |url=http://cgijeddah.mkcl.org/Content.aspx?ID=752&PID=682 |title=Rituals of Haj Sacrifice |author= |date=3 October 2013 |work=Consulate General of India, Jeddah |publisher= |accessdate=24 October 2015 |archive-date=2016-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128140743/http://cgijeddah.mkcl.org/Content.aspx?ID=752&PID=682 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adahi.org/adahisite/default.aspx |title=The Saudi Project for Utilization of Hajj Meat |author= |date= |work=ADAHI |publisher= |accessdate=24 October 2015 |archive-date=2016-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722221726/http://www.adahi.org/adahisite/default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
Untuk Haji di 2016, otoritas Saudi memberikan kalung GPS elektronik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/saudi-arabia-introduces-bracelets-hajj-safety-160630131905794.html|title=Hajj 2016: Saudi Arabia introduces bracelets for safety|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=15 August 2016|archive-date=2019-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809202848/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/saudi-arabia-introduces-bracelets-hajj-safety-160630131905794.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Walaupun berbagai upaya keamanan dilakukan, berbagai insiden masih terjadi ketika musim Haji. [[Tragedi Mina 2015|kecelakaan Haji 2015]], menyebabkan 769 meninggal dan melukai 934 lainnya, berdasarkan data pemerintah Arab Saudi.<ref name="Gambrell" /><ref name="BBC-25SEP">{{cite news|title=Hajj stampede: Saudis face growing criticism over deaths|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34357383|accessdate=25 September 2015|work=BBC|date=25 September 2015|archive-date=2020-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331200127/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34357383|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sebuah laporan dari Associated Press menjumlahkan total sedikitnya 1470 korban dari laporan resmi negara lain, membuat kecelakaan tersebut menjadi kecelakaan paling mematikan hingga saat ini.<ref name="Gambrell">{{cite news|title=Saudi crush was deadliest hajj tragedy ever|url=https://news.yahoo.com/ap-exclusive-saudi-hajj-disaster-deadliest-ever-strike-111906027.html|accessdate=10 October 2015|work=Associated Press|date=10 October 2015|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6cAfdtwRo?url=http://news.yahoo.com/ap-exclusive-saudi-hajj-disaster-deadliest-ever-strike-111906027.html|archivedate=2015-10-10|dead-url=no}}</ref> Isu lain muncul di 2013 dan 2014 tentang penyebaran virus [[Middle East respiratory syndrome|MERS]] karena antrian massa Haji.<ref name="time 2013">{{cite news | url=http://science.time.com/2013/10/16/as-the-hajj-unfolds-in-saudi-arabia-a-deep-look-inside-the-battle-against-mers/ | title=As the Hajj Unfolds in Saudi Arabia, A Deep Look Inside the Battle Against MERS | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=16 October 2013 | accessdate=17 October 2013 | last=Katz | first=Andrew | archive-date=2020-02-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229080716/https://science.time.com/2013/10/16/as-the-hajj-unfolds-in-saudi-arabia-a-deep-look-inside-the-battle-against-mers/ | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Eaves |first1=Elisabeth |title=WHO's Maurizio Barbeschi Talks About MERS and Mass Events |url=http://thebulletin.org/whos-maurizio-barbeschi-talks-about-mers-and-mass-events7230 |publisher=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |date=9 June 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200759/http://thebulletin.org/whos-maurizio-barbeschi-talks-about-mers-and-mass-events7230 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Menteri Kesehatan Arab Saudi Abdullah Al-Rabia mengatakan bahwa otoritasnya tidak menemukan kasus MERS pada jamaah sejauh ini.<ref name="vancouversun">{{cite news | url=http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Spain+reports+first+MERS+case+woman+travelled+Saudi+Arabia+Hajj/9133754/story.html | title=Spain reports its first MERS case; woman travelled to Saudi Arabia for Hajj | newspaper=The Vancouver Sun | date=7 November 2013 | accessdate=12 November 2013 | last=Branswell | first=Helen | agency=The Canadian Press | archive-date=2018-12-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120349/http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Spain+reports+first+MERS+case+woman+travelled+Saudi+Arabia+Hajj/9133754/story.html%20 | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Ia juga berkata bahwa, dari sekian banyak kasus MERS, Arab Saudi siap untuk musim Haji 2014.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barasheed|first1=Osamah|last2=Rashid|first2=Harunor|last3=Heron|first3=Leon|last4=Ridda|first4=Iman|last5=Haworth|first5=Elizabeth|last6=Nguyen-Van-Tam|first6=Jonathan|last7=Dwyer|first7=Dominic E.|last8=Booy|first8=Robert|title=Influenza Vaccination Among Australian Hajj Pilgrims: Uptake, Attitudes, and Barriers|journal=Journal of Travel Medicine|date=November 2014|volume=21|issue=6|pages=384–390|doi=10.1111/jtm.12146 |issn=1195-1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hajj pilgrimage to continue despite deadly MERS Epidemic|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/hajj-pilgrimage-to-continue-despite-deadly-mers-epidemic/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=23 April 2014|archive-date=2014-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425003041/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/hajj-pilgrimage-to-continue-despite-deadly-mers-epidemic/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Kepentingan ==
Untuk Muslim, Haji berhubungan dengan keagamaan sebagai kepentingan di bidang sosial. Terpisah dari sebuah ketaatan dalam menjalankan kewajiban beragama, Haji terlihat untuk menjadi seseorang yang berspiritual terpuji untuk menyediakan Muslim dengan kesempatan mengintrospeksi diri.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96 |accessdate=2 September 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=9781857758122 |page=96}}</ref> Haji disajikan sebagai sebuah pengingat [[Hari Akhir|Hari Pengadilan]] yang dipercayai umat muslim akan terjadi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=William |title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytVtAAAAMAAJ&pq=PA113 |accessdate=7 October 2014 |year=1982 |publisher=Lyle Stuart |isbn=9780818403262 |page=113}}</ref> [[Hadits|Literatur Hadits]] (perkataan Nabi Muhammad) menyabdakan beragam kebaikan seorang jamaah Haji mencapai kesuksesan untuk memenuhi ibadah Haji mereka.<ref group="n">Untuk contohnya, salah satu Hadits menyatakan: ''Dari [[Abu Hurairah]]: Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda, "Barangsiapa yang menunaikan Haji untuk kesenangan Allah dan tidak melakukan hubungan seksual dengan istrinya, dan tidak melakukan kejahatan atau kemudian mereka kembali (setelah Haji bebas dari segala dosa) bagaikan ia terlahir kembali."'' {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|2|26|596}}</ref> Setelah berhasil melaksanakan ibadah Haji, jamaah dapat menambahkan nama depan mereka dengan gelar 'Al-Hajji', dan diadakan dengan rasa hormat dalam masyarakat Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book |author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers |title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67 |year=2010 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=9781741791457 |page=67}}</ref> Namun, sarjana Islam berpendapat bahwa Haji dapat berarti komitmen keagamaan seorang Muslim, dan tidak dapat menjadi sebuah peningkatan status sosial mereka.<ref name="Andrea67"/> Haji membawa kebersamaan dan menyatukan Muslim dari perbedaan bagian dunia tanpa memperdulikan ras, warna kulit, dan budaya, semua itu melambangkan persamaan.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref name=BBC>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml |title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca |date=8 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |accessdate=6 October 2014 |archive-date=2019-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref>
 
Sebuah studi 2008 pada pengaruh besar mengikuti ziarah Islam menemukan bahwa komunitas Muslim menjadi lebih positif dan toleran setelah berhaji. Dengan judul ''Memperkirakan Pengaruh Besar Haji: Agama dan Toleransi dalam Masyarakat Islam Global'' dan diselenggarakan dengan bantuan [[Harvard University]]'s [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]], studi mencatat bahwa Haji "meningkatkan keimanan dalam kesamaan harmoni antara grup etnik dan sekte-sekte Islam dan memimpin untuk sikap yang menguntungkan terhadap wanita, termasuk dukungan yang lebih besar untuk pendidikan dan jabatan wanita" dan bahwa "Haji menunjukkan meningkatkan keimanan dalam perdamaian, dan dalam kesamaan dan harmoni adherents perbedaan agama."<ref>{{cite web |ssrn=1124213 |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering |publisher=Papers.ssrn.com |date= |accessdate=19 December 2011}}</ref>
Baris 193 ⟶ 194:
 
== Aspek Ekonomi ==
Di 2014, Arab Saudi mengumumkan bahwa mereka mendapatkan $8.5 miliar dari Haji.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/economy/2014/08/26/-9-billion-income-from-hajj-expected.html|title=Saudi Arabia: $8.5 billion income from hajj expected|publisher=Al-Arabiya English|access-date=2017-05-09|archive-date=2016-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930175455/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/economy/2014/08/26/-9-billion-income-from-hajj-expected.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sumber pendapatan negara Arab Saudi terbesar setelah minyak dan gas adalah Haji dan negara mengharapkan untuk mengandalkan lebih banyak pada Haji sebagai jumlah tersedianya minyak dan gas untuk kemunduran penjualan.<ref name="RT-2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.rt.com/business/337135-saudi-hajj-revenues-oil/|title=Saudi Arabia to move from oil, earn more from Hajj|publisher=RussiaToday|date=25 March 2016|access-date=2017-05-09|archive-date=2023-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623045724/https://www.rt.com/business/337135-saudi-hajj-revenues-oil/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Tempat Bersejarah ==
Baris 199 ⟶ 200:
 
=== Jabal Nur dan Gua Hira ===
[[Jabal an-Nur]] terletak kurang lebih 6 &nbsp;km di sebelah utara Masjidil Haram.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jabal al-Nour (The Mountain Of Ghar Hira (Cave of Hira)| url=http://mecca.net/muslim-videos/jabal-al-nour-the-mountain-of-light-and-cave-of-hira/#/video/first-revelation-cave-of-hira | work=16 September 2015|access-date=2017-05-09|archive-date=2019-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501094135/http://mecca.net/muslim-videos/jabal-al-nour-the-mountain-of-light-and-cave-of-hira/#/video/first-revelation-cave-of-hira|dead-url=no}}</ref> Di puncaknya terdapat sebuah gua yang dikenal dengan nama Gua Hira. Di gua inilah Nabi Muhammad menerima wahyu yang pertama, yaitu surat Al-'Alaq ayat 1-5.<ref>{{Quran-usc|96|1}}</ref>
 
=== Jabal Tsur ===
{{unreferenced section|date=Juni 2018}}
Jabal Tsur terletak kurang lebih 6&nbsp;km di sebelah selatan Masjidil Haram. Untuk mencapai Gua Tsur ini memerlukan perjalanan mendaki selama 1.5 jam. Di gunung inilah Nabi [[Muhammad]] dan [[Abu Bakar]] As-Siddiq bersembunyi dari kepungan orang Quraisy ketika hendak hijrah ke [[Madinah]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-23|title=Situs di Makkah: Gua Tsur {{!}} Ihram|url=https://ihram.republika.co.id/berita/rcbhil430/situs-di-makkah-gua-tsur|website=ihram.co.id|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606163803/https://ihram.republika.co.id/berita//rcbhil430/situs-di-makkah-gua-tsur|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-26|title=Perjalanan 1,5 Jam Menuju Gua Tsur|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/jurnal-haji/wijhat/13/10/26/mva88u-perjalanan-15-jam-menuju-gua-tsur|website=Republika Online|language=id|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2022-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222012651/https://republika.co.id/berita/jurnal-haji/wijhat/13/10/26/mva88u-perjalanan-15-jam-menuju-gua-tsur|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
=== Jabal Rahmah ===
{{unreferenced section|date=Juni 2018}}
Yaitu tempat bertemunya Nabi [[Adam]] dan [[Hawa]] setelah keduanya terpisah saat turun dari [[surga]]. Peristiwa pentingnya adalah tempat turunnya [[wahyu]] yang terakhir pada Nabi [[Muhammad]], yaitu surat Al-Maidah ayat 3.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-27|title=Bukit Kecil Bernama Jabal Rahma {{!}} Ihram|url=https://ihram.republika.co.id/berita/pp0yeg313/bukit-kecil-bernama-jabal-rahma|website=ihram.co.id|access-date=2022-12-22|archive-date=2022-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222013509/https://ihram.republika.co.id/berita/pp0yeg313/bukit-kecil-bernama-jabal-rahma|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
=== Jabal Uhud ===
Baris 224 ⟶ 225:
 
== Jumlah jamaah per tahun ==
Terdapat pertumbuhan substansial jumlah jamaah Haji dalam 92 tahun, dan jumlah jamaah Haji luar negeri meningkat kira-kira 2,824 persen, dari 58,584 di 1920 hingga 1,712,962 di 2012.<ref name=History>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |publisher=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> Karena perluasan dan pengembangan di [[Masjidil Haram]], otoritas mengurangi jumlah jamaah Haji tahun 2013.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/21917/Reduction+in+Hajj+2013+Quota | title=Reduction in Hajj 2013 Quota | publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India | date=8 July 2013 | accessdate=17 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/saudi-arabia-cuts-hajj-quota-foreign-pilgrims-20-213053607.html | title=Saudi Arabia cuts Hajj Quota for foreign pilgrims by 20 percent | publisher=Yahoo News | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=17 September 2013 | archive-date=2014-10-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095319/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/saudi-arabia-cuts-hajj-quota-foreign-pilgrims-20-213053607.html | dead-url=no }}</ref> Berikut adalah jumlah jamaah Haji yang sampai di Arab Saudi setiap tahun untuk melaksanakan ibadah Haji.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Baris 259 ⟶ 260:
| 1995 || 1415 || || 1,046,307<ref name=Harrison-156/> ||
|-
| 1996 || 1416 || 784,769 || 1,080,465<ref name=Harrison-156/><ref name=RESA1997>{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=15 April 1997 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx |accessdate=7 October 2014 |archive-date=2020-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref> || 1,865,234
|-
| 1997 || 1417 || 774,260 || 1,168,591<ref name=Harrison-156/><ref name=RESA1997/> || 1,942,851
|-
| 1998 || 1418 || 699,770 || 1,132,344 || 1,832,114<ref name=Harrison-156/><ref>{{cite web |title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=8 April 1998 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx |accessdate=7 October 2014 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
| 1999 || 1419 || 775,268 || 1,056,730 || 1,831,998
|-
| 2000 || 1420 || 466,430<ref name=RESA2000/> || 1,267,355 || 1,733,785<ref name=RESA2000>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=20 March 2000 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx |accessdate=7 October 2014 |archive-date=2020-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
| 2001 || 1421 || 440,808 || 1,363,992 || 1,804,800<ref>{{cite web |title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421 |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=9 March 2001 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx |accessdate=7 October 2014 |archive-date=2020-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || 1422 || 590,576 || 1,354,184 || 1,944,760
|-
| 2003 || 1423 || 493,230 || 1,431,012 || 1,924,242<ref>{{cite web |title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=11 February 2003 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx |accessdate=7 October 2014 |archive-date=2020-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
| 2004 || 1424 || 473,004<ref name=culmination>{{cite web |title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=1 February 2004 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx |accessdate=7 October 2014 |archive-date=2020-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref> || 1,419,706<ref>{{cite web |title=Hajj proceeding without incident |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=30 January 2004 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx |accessdate=7 October 2014 |archive-date=2020-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref> || 1,892,710<ref name=culmination/>
|-
| 2005 || 1425 || 1,030,000 (perk.) || 1,534,769 || 2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web |title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=25 January 2005 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx |accessdate=30 July 2009 |archive-date=2019-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || 1426 || 573,147 || 1,557,447 || 2,130,594<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx | title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million | publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia | date=10 January 2006 | accessdate=16 January 2015 | archive-date=2020-03-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx | dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || 1427 || 724,229 || 1,654,407 ||2,378,636<ref>{{cite web |title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=30 December 2006 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx |accessdate=30 July 2009 |archive-date=2020-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || 1428 || 746,511 || 1,707,814 || 2,454,325<ref>{{cite web |title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=17 December 2007 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx |accessdate=30 July 2009 |archive-date=2020-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=SCDS>{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2007-12-25|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|work=Crossroads Arabia|date=23 December 2007|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref>
|-
| 2008 || 1429 || || 1,729,841<ref>{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |accessdate=30 July 2009 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ||
Baris 297 ⟶ 298:
| 2013 || 1434 || 700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news| title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj| publisher=Euronews| date=14 October 2013| url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/| accessdate=13 February 2014| archive-date=2020-03-19| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat| dead-url=yes}}</ref> || 1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|date=13 October 2013|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> || 2,061,573 (perk.)
|-
| 2014 || 1435 || 700,000 (perk.)<ref name=AN2014/> || 1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|date=2 October 2014|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=2014-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> || 2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name=AN2014>{{cite news |title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins| publisher=Arab News |date=6 October 2014| url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656| accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223405/http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 1436 || 615,059 (perk.) || 1,384,941<ref>{{cite web |title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj| publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=22 September 2015| url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj| accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=2017-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=no}}</ref> || 2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015/>
|-
| 2016 || 1437 || 537,537<ref name=Arabia-2017>{{cite web |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html |title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims |author= |date=12 September 2016 |work=Al Arabiya English |publisher= |accessdate=15 February 2017 |archive-date=2016-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009101912/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> || 1,325,372<ref name=Arabia-2017/> || 1,862,909<ref name=Arabia-2017/>
|-
| 2017 || 1438 || 600,108|| 1,752,014||2,352,122<ref>{{cite web |title=Haj Statistics|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|date=|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls |access-date=21 Juli 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || 1439 || 612,953 || 1,758,722|| 2,371,675<ref>{{cite web |title=Haj Statistics|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|date=22 August 2018|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=2018-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28 |access-date=22 August 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|2019 || 1440 || 634,379 ||| 1,855,027 ||| 2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019|archive-date=2019-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816062052/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
|2020 || 1441 || || ||10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina |access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|1442
|58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 June 2021 |title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0 |archive-date=5 May 2022 |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021) |url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf |website=General Authority for Statistics |access-date=2022-07-21 |archive-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|0<ref name=":0" />
|58,745<ref name=":7" />
Baris 322 ⟶ 320:
|2022
|1443
|119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-08 |title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Saudi Gazette |language=English |archive-date=2022-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202160453/https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|779,919<ref name=":8" />
|899,353<ref name=":8" />
Baris 328 ⟶ 326:
 
== Rekaman tragedi ibadah haji ==
* [[Desember]] [[1975]]: 200 jamaah tewas di dekat kota Mekkah setelah sebuah pipa gas meledak dan membakar sepuluh tenda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/0,1518,394960,00.html|title=Dokumentation: Die schwersten Unglücke bei der Hadsch – SPIEGEL ONLINE|date=12 January 2006|work=SPIEGEL ONLINE|accessdate=11 October 2014|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120403/http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/dokumentation-die-schwersten-ungluecke-bei-der-hadsch-a-394960.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[4 Desember]] [[1979]]: 153 jamaah tewas dan 560 lainnya terluka setelah petugas keamanan Arab Saudi yang dibantu tentara Prancis mencoba membebaskan Masjidil Haram yang disandera sekelompok militan selama dua minggu.
* [[31 Juli]] [[1987]]: 402 jamaah tewas, 275 di antaranya dari Iran, setelah ribuan jamaah Iran yang melakukan demonstrasi mendapat perlawanan fisik dari keamanan Arab Saudi. Akibat dari insiden itu Arab Saudi memutuskan hubungan diplomatik dengan Iran, yang akhirnya tidak mengirimkan jamaahnya ke Makkah hingga tahun 1991.
* [[10 Juli]] [[1989]]: satu jamaah tewas dan 16 terluka akibat penembakan di dalam Masjidil Haram. Akibatnya 16 orang Kuwait yang melakukan penyerangan dihukum tembak mati.
* [[15 Juli]] [[1989]]: lima jamaah asal Pakistan tewas dan 34 lainnya terluka akibat insiden penembakan oleh sekelompok orang bersenjata di perumahan mereka di Makkah.
* 2 Juli 1990: 1.426 jamaah tewas kebanyakan dari Asia akibat terperangkap di dalam terowongan Mina.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.quran-islam.org/main_topics/islam/pillars/al-hajj/stoning_tragedies_(P1321).html |title=True Islam |publisher=Quran-Islam.org |date= |accessdate=2013-07-31 |archive-date=2018-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928203720/http://www.quran-islam.org/main_topics/islam/pillars/al-hajj/stoning_tragedies_(P1321).html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/13/saudiarabia |title=A history of hajj tragedies &#124; World news |publisher=theguardian.com |date= January 13, 2006 |accessdate=2013-07-31 |location=London |archive-date=2019-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218120805/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jan/13/saudiarabia |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* [[24 Mei]] [[1994]]: 270 jamaah tewas akibat saling dorong dan injak di Mina.
* [[7 Mei]] [[1995]]: tiga jamaah tewas akibat kebakaran di Mina.
* [[15 April]] [[1997]]: 343 jamaah tewas dan 1.500 lainnya terluka karena kehabisan napas karena terjebak di dalam kebakaran tenda di Mina.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/16/saudi/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD |title=Saudi diplomat: Hajj fire was an accident |publisher= CNN |date= 1997-04-16 |accessdate=2014-04-18 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103534/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/16/saudi/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* [[9 April]] [[1998]]: 118 jamaah tewas karena berdesak–desakkan saat pelaksanaan lontar jumroh.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/76348.stm | work=BBC News | title=Saudis identifying nationalities of 118 dead pilgrims | date=April 9, 1998 | access-date=2017-05-10 | archive-date=2017-09-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902175940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/76348.stm | dead-url=no }}</ref>
* [[5 Maret]] [[2001]]: 35 jamaah tewas serta puluhan lainnya luka – luka karena berdesak – desakan di Jammarat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1204816.stm|title=BBC News – MIDDLE EAST – Lessons from Hajj deaths|publisher=News.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=11 October 2014|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120343/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1204816.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[11 Februari]] [[2003]]: 14 jamaah tewas di Jumrotul Mina – enam di antaranya wanita.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2749231.stm | work=BBC News | title=Fourteen killed in Hajj stampede | date=February 11, 2003 | access-date=2017-05-10 | archive-date=2017-10-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004205653/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2749231.stm | dead-url=no }}</ref>
* [[1 Februari]] [[2004]]: Sebanyak 251 jamaah tewas selama pelaksanaan lontar jumrah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3448779.stm|title=BBC NEWS – Hundreds killed in Hajj stampede|publisher=News.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=11 October 2014|archive-date=2019-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508222518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3448779.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[23 Januari]]&nbsp;[[2005]]: 29 jamaah tewas akibat banjir terburuk dalam 20 tahun terakhir di Madinah.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Staff|first1=Writter|title=Timeline of tragedies during hajj pilgrimage in Mecca|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/24/timeline-of-tragedies-in-mecca-during-hajj|accessdate= 24 September 2015|publisher=theguardian|archive-date=2015-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010225904/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/24/timeline-of-tragedies-in-mecca-during-hajj|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[5 Januari]] [[2006]]: Sebanyak 76 tewas akibat runtuhnya sebuah penginapan al-Rayahin di jalan Gaza, sekitar 200 meter sebelah barat Masjidil Haram.
* [[12 Januari]] [[2006]]: Sedikitnya 345 jamaah tewas di Jammarat selama pelaksanaan lontar jumrah. Insiden ini terjadi pada pukul 15.30 waktu setempat usai salat Zuhur, setelah jutaan jamaah saling berdesak–desakkan di pintu masuk sebelah utara lantai dua Jammarat.
* [[11 September]] [[2015]]: 107 jamaah tewas dan 238 jamaah luka-luka akibat jatuhnya crane yang digunakan dalam proyek perluasan [[Masjidil Haram]] saat hujan dan angin kencang.
* [[24 September]] [[2015]]: lebih dari 700 jamaah tewas dan lebih dari 800 jamaah luka-luka akibat terinjak-injak saat melakukan lempar jumroh di [[Mina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2015/09/150924_dunia_tragedi_terinjak|title=Tragedi fatal terinjak-injak di sejumlah negara|accessdate=25 September 2015|archive-date=2023-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619063110/https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2015/09/150924_dunia_tragedi_terinjak|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Galeri ==
Baris 415 ⟶ 413:
| isbn = 978-1-904950-29-5
| authorlink = Ilija Trojanow}}
*Zainal (2012). ''[http://ecampus.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/article/view/1118 Regulasi Haji Indonesia dalam Tinjauan Sejarah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225045507/http://ecampus.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/article/view/1118 |date=2021-02-25 }}.'' JURIS Vol 2 No 2
 
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 422 ⟶ 420:
 
* [http://www.islam-globe.com/books/Fisabilillah/12%20Ultimate%20Journey.pdf Hajj & Umrah – Journey of a Lifetime] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051412/http://www.islam-globe.com/books/Fisabilillah/12%20Ultimate%20Journey.pdf |date=2016-03-05 }} -an e-book
* [http://www.qul.org.au/islamic-occasions/hajj-the-pilgrimage Hajj – The Pilgrimage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603153435/http://www.qul.org.au/islamic-occasions/hajj-the-pilgrimage |date=2023-06-03 }} -Resource on Hajj
* [http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/hajj Hajj Information Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221091332/http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/hajj/ |date=2016-12-21 }} – Sebuah riset Haji oleh IslamiCity
* [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/11/24/marker.map.hajj/index.html Mapping Faith: The Pilgrimage to Mecca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804162757/https://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/11/24/marker.map.hajj/index.html |date=2023-08-04 }} -CNN interactive feature
* [http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/virtualhajj.shtml Virtual Hajj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621063641/http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/virtualhajj.shtml |date=2023-06-21 }} oleh ''PBS''
* [http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1865298,00.html The Hajj Goes High Tech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803062733/http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1865298,00.html |date=2011-08-03 }} -''Time'' magazine photo essay
* [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1013428 Sequence of Hajj explained through Google Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120050247/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1013428 |date=2012-01-20 }}