Parlemen Eropa: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''[[Komisi Von der Leyen|Von der Leyen]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.votewatch.eu/blog/super-grand-coalition-epp-sd-alde-approves-the-new-european-commission/ |title=Super Grand Coalition EPP-S&D-ALDE approves the New European Commission |date=22 Oktober 2014 |publisher=VoteWatch Europe |accessdate=3 Januari 2018}}</ref>

*{{Color box|#009900}} [[Aliansi Bebas Eropa–Hijau|Greens–EFA]] (73)

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| committees1 = {{collapsible list

Parlemen dan Dewan disamakan dengan lembaga legislatif [[Sistem dua kamar|dua kamar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bicameral Traits At EU Level |url=https://epthinktank.eu/2013/01/25/bicameral-traits-at-eu-level/|date=25 Januari 2013|accessdate=29 April 2016|publisher=Dinas Penelitian Parlemen Eropa|quote=A bicameral structure for the European Union has been proposed on numerous occasions. A frequent suggestion, and one designed to address the EU’s alleged democratic deficit, is for a second chamber composed of national parliamentarians alongside the European Parliament. However, it is also argued that the EU already has a second chamber, the Council of the EU – representing Europe’s nations, with the first chamber, the EP, representing its citizens. In regard to this latter view there are differing opinions.}}</ref> Akan tetapi, terdapat beberapa perbedaan dengan [[Parlemen nasional Uni Eropa|lembaga legislatif nasional]]; sebagai contoh, baik Parlemen maupun Dewan tidak memiliki kekuasaan [[Hak inisiatif (legislatif)|inisiatif legislatif]] (kecuali sebuah kenyataan bahwa Dewan memiliki kekuasaan dalam beberapa urusan [[Intergovernmentalisme|antarpemerintahan]]). Pada [[Komunitas Ekonomi Eropa|urusan Masyarakat]], hak ini merupakan kekuasaan khusus yang disediakan untuk [[Komisi Eropa]] (lembaga eksekutif). Oleh karena itu, sementara Parlemen dapat mengubah dan menolak legislasi, untuk membuat proposal legislasi, dibutuhkan Komisi untuk menyusun [[rancangan undang-undang|rancangan]] sebelum apa pun menjadi undang-undang.<ref>{{cite web|title = Fact Sheets 1.3.8 The Commission|publisher=Parlemen Eropa|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/1_3_8_en.htm|accessdate =14 Juni 2007 }}</ref> Nilai kekuasaan seperti ini dipertanyakan dengan mencatat bahwa pada lembaga legislatif nasional negara anggota, 85% inisiatif yang diajukan tanpa dukungan eksekutif gagal menjadi undang-undang.<ref name="Kreppel">{{cite book|first= Amie|last= Kreppel |editor1-first=Anand |editor1-last=Menon |editor2-first=Martin A. |editor2-last=Schain |title= Comparative Federalism:The European Union and the United States in Comparative Perspective: The European Union and the United States in Comparative Perspective|url= https://archive.org/details/comparativefeder00meno|pages=[https://archive.org/details/comparativefeder00meno/page/n255 245]–274|chapter= Understanding the European Parliament from a Federalist Perspective: The Legislatures of the USA and EU Compared|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2006}}</ref> Akan tetapi, pernyataan tersebut telah dibantah oleh mantan presiden Parlemen, [[Hans-Gert Pöttering]], bahwa karena Parlemen memiliki hak untuk meminta Komisi menyusun legislasi tersebut, dan karena Komisi semakin mengikuti usulan Parlemen, Parlemen memiliki hak inisiatif legislatif secara “de facto”.<ref name="Pot initiative">{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Matt|date=24 Juni 2008|title=Pöttering defends parliament's role at EU summits|publisher=The Parliament Magazine|url=http://www.theparliament.com/policy-focus/foreign-affairs/foreign-affairs-article/newsarticle/poettering-defends-parliaments-role-at-eu-summits/|accessdate=25 Juni 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524113601/http://www.theparliament.com/policy-focus/foreign-affairs/foreign-affairs-article/newsarticle/poettering-defends-parliaments-role-at-eu-summits/|archivedate=24 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

 

 

=== Prosedur legislatif ===

 

=== Susunan transisi ===

 

=== Gaji dan biaya ===

* [[Parliamentwatch]]

* [[Negara Uni Eropa]]

 

== Catatan kaki ==

* {{cite book| last = Attwool | first = Elspeth | authorlink = Elspeth Attwooll | title = To the Power of Ten: UK Liberal Democrats in the European Parliament (Centre for Reform Papers) | publisher=[[Open Europe]] | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-1-902622-17-0 }}

* {{cite book| last = Butler | first = David | authorlink = David Butler (academic) |author2=Martin Westlake | title = British Politics and European Election | publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] | year = 2005 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4039-3585-4 }}

* {{cite journal | last = Gazzola | first = Michele | title = Managing Multilingualism in the European Union: Language Policy Evaluation for the European Parliament | url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/47253614164m4371/ | journal = Language Policy | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 393–417 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1007/s10993-006-9032-5 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* {{cite book| last = Corbett | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Corbett | title = The European Parliament's Role in Closer EU Integration | publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] | date= Juni 1998 | location = LBasingstoke | isbn = 978-0333722527 }}

* {{Cite book | last1 = Hix | first1 = Simon | last2 = Noury | first2 = Abdul | last3 = Roland | first3 = Gérard | title = Democratic Politics in the European Parliament (Themes in European Governance) | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | year = 2007 | location = Cambridge | isbn = 978-0-521-69460-5 }} ([http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/groland/pubs/HNR-Democracy_in_the_EP-11July05.pdf draft version on-line])

* {{cite journal | last1 = Hix | first1 = Simon | last2 = Noury | first2 = Abdul | last3 = Roland | first3 = Gérard | title = Dimensions of politics in the European Parliament | journal = [[American Journal of Political Science]] | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 494–520 | doi = 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00198.x | jstor = 3694286 | date = April 2006 | ref = harv | url = http://personal.lse.ac.uk/hix/Working_Papers/Hix_et_al_ajps_2006.pdf | access-date = 2019-01-03 | archive-date = 2021-03-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210301120342/https://personal.lse.ac.uk/hix/Working_Papers/Hix_et_al_ajps_2006.pdf | dead-url = yes }}

* {{cite book| last = Hoskyns | first = Catherine |author2=Michael Newman | title = Democratizing the European Union: Issues for the twenty-first Century (Perspectives on Democratization) | publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-7190-5666-6 }}

* {{cite book| last = Van der Laan | first = Lousewies | authorlink = Lousewies van der Laan | title = The Case For a Stronger European Parliament | publisher=Pusat Reformasi Eropa | date= 2003 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-901229-49-3 }}

* {{cite book| last = Lodge | first = Juliet | title = The 2004 Elections to the European Parliament | publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] | date = 23 Juni 2005 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4039-3518-2 }}

* {{cite book| editor-last = Lodge | editor-first = Juliet | title = The 2009 Elections to the European Parliament | publisher = [[Palgrave Macmillan]] | year = 2011 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-349-31141-5}}

* {{cite book| last = Rittberger | first = Berthold | title = Building Europe's Parliament: Democratic Representation Beyond the Nation State | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-19-923199-7 }}

* Sabbati, Giulio (2015). [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2015)545725 '' European Parliament: Facts and Figures']. Parlemen Eropa – [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/20150201PVL00031/European-Parliamentary-Research-Service Dinas Penelitian Parlemen Eropa (EPRS)].

* {{cite book| last = Schmitter | first = Philippe | title = How to Democratize the EU&nbsp;... and Why Bother? (Governance in Europe) | publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] Publishers | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-8476-9905-6 }}

* {{cite book| last1 = Serodes| first1 = Fabrice| first2= Michel|last2= Heinz|others=Foreword by Martin Schulz | title = Le Parlement européen | publisher=Nane Editions | year = 2013 | location = Paris| isbn = 978-2-84368-100-4}}

* {{cite book| last = Smith | first = Julie | title = Europe's Elected Parliament (Contemporary European Studies) | publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]] | year = 1999 | location = London | isbn = 978-0-333-59874-0 }}

* {{cite book | last = Steuenberg | first = Bernard | author2 = Jacques Thomassen | author-link2 = Jacques Thomassen | title = The European Parliament on the Move: Toward Parliamentary Democracy in Europe (Governance in Europe) | url = https://archive.org/details/europeanparliame0000unse_o9x7 | publisher = [[Rowman & Littlefield]] Publishers | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-7425-0126-3 }}

* {{cite book| last = Watson | first = Graham | authorlink = Graham Watson | title = EU've Got Mail!: Liberal Letters from the European Parliament | url = https://archive.org/details/euvegotmailliber0000wats | publisher=Bagehot Publishing | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-9545745-1-2 }}

* {{cite book | last = Wood | first = David M. | author2 = Birol A. Yesilada | title = The Emerging European Union (Ed. ke-4) | url = https://archive.org/details/emergingeuropean0000wood | publisher = Pearson Longman | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-321-43941-3 }}