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Baris 1:
{{Swedia infobox}}
{{Miracle of Quran - two rivers side by side
'''Swedia''', dengan nama formal '''Kerajaan Swedia''' ({{lang-sv|{{Audio|Sv-Konungariket Sverige.ogg|Konungariket Sverige}}}}), adalah sebuah [[negara Nordik]] di [[Skandinavia]], Eropa Utara. Negara ini berbatasan dengan [[Norwegia]] di barat dan [[Finlandia]] di timur laut, Selat [[Skagerrak]] dan Selat [[Kattegat]] di barat daya, serta [[Laut Baltik]] dan [[Teluk Bothnia]] di timur.
Assalam alaikum wa rehmatullah wa barakatuhu,
 
Swedia terhubung dengan [[Denmark]] melalui sebuah [[Jembatan Øresund|jembatan-terowongan]] melewati [[Øresund|Öresund]]. Dengan luas {{convert|450295|km2|sqmi}}, Swedia adalah negara terluas ketiga di [[Uni Eropa]], dengan total penduduk sekitar 9,8 juta jiwa.<ref name="population">{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/en_/Finding-statistics/Statistics-by-subject-area/Population/Population-composition/Population-statistics/ |title=Population Statistics |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |accessdate=7 February 2015 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016200658/http://www.scb.se/en_/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/population/population-composition/population-statistics/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Swedia memiliki kepadatan penduduk rendah dengan 21 penduduk per kilometer persegi, sebagian besar penduduk tinggal di setengah belahan selatan negara. Sekitar 85% penduduk tinggal di kawasan perkotaan.<ref name="publikationer2007">''Yearbook of Housing and Building Statistics 2007''</ref> Swedia Utara sebagian besar merupakan kawasan [[pertanian]], sedangkan di utara sebagian besar hutan. Swedia bagian dari kawasan geografi [[Fennoscandia]].
 
[[Orang Jermanik]] telah menempati negara ini sejak zaman prasejarah, kemudian dikenal dengan [[Geats]]/Götar dan [[Swedes (suku Jermanik)|Swedes/Svear]] dan tinggal di pesisir pantai yang sekarang menjadi [[Norsemen]]. Swedia menjadi negara independen pada masa [[Abad Pertengahan]]. Pada abad ke-17, Swedia mengembangkan wilayahnya membentuk [[Kekaisaran Swedia]], menjadi salah satu kekuatan utama di Eropa sampai awal abad ke-18. Kekuasaan Swedia di luar [[Semenanjung Skandinavia]] pelan-pelan menghilang pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19, diawali dengan aneksasi wilayah Finlandia saat ini oleh [[Kekaisaran Rusia]] tahun 1809. Perang terakhir ketika Swedia terlibat langsung adalah ketika Norwegia dipaksa secara militer bergabung menjadi [[Persatuan Swedia dan Norwegia]] tahun 1814.
Today when I was surfing and just checking updates on Facebook, I came across an update status on Miracle of Quran. I then searched further on Google for the science part of it as well.... I would like to share the video and part of article as well.
 
Sejak saat itu, Swedia menampilkan posisi damai, menjaga kebijakan resminya menjadi [[Netralitas Swedia|negara netral]] dalam kebijakan luar negerinya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/2/among-the-disclosures-in-the-19-documents-released/ |title=WikiLeaks reveal Swedes gave intel on Russia, Iran |publisher=Washington Times |date=2 December 2010 |accessdate=10 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721081420/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/2/among-the-disclosures-in-the-19-documents-released/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Persatuan dengan Norwegia kemudian [[Bubarnya persatuan antara Norwegia dan Swedia|dipisahkan secara damai]] tahun 1905, menjadi batas Swedia saat ini. Meski secara formal negara ini netral di kedua perang dunia, Swedia ikut dalam usaha [[kemanusiaan]] seperti menerima pengungsi dari kawasan [[Eropa yang diduduki Jerman]]. Setelah berakhirnya [[Perang Dingin]], Swedia bergabung dengan Uni Eropa pada 1 Januari 1995, tetapi menolak keanggotaan [[NATO]].
 
Saat ini, Swedia adalah negara [[monarki konstitusional]] dan [[demokrasi parlementer|demokrasi]] [[sistem parlementer|parlementer]], dengan [[Monarki Swedia|monarki]] sebagai [[kepala negara]]. [[Ibukota]]nya adalah [[Stockholm]], juga merupakan kota terbesar di negara ini. Kekuasaan legislatif ditentukan oleh 349-anggota [[unikameral]] ''[[Riksdag]]''. [[Eksekutif (pemerintah)|Kekuasaan eksekutif]] dipegang oleh pemerintah yang dipimpin oleh [[Perdana Menteri Swedia|Perdana Menteri]]. Swedia adalah [[negara kesatuan]], saat ini dibagi menjadi [[Daerah di Swedia|21 county]] dan [[Komune di Swedia|290 munisipalitas]].
 
Swedia menerapkan [[model Nordik|sistem jaminan sosial Nordik]] yang menyediakan layanan [[kesehatan universal]] dan [[pendidikan tinggi]] untuk warga negaranya. Swedia menempati posisi [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita|kedelapan dalam pendapatan per kapita]] di dunia dan menempati posisi tinggi dalam berbagai sektor, seperti [[kualitas hidup]], kesehatan, [[indeks pendidikan|pendidikan]], perlindungan [[Kebebasan di dunia|kebebasan sipil]], kekompetitifan ekonomi, [[koefisien Gini|kesetaraan]], [[Legatum Prosperity Index|kemakmuran]] dan [[Indeks Pengembangan Manusia]].<ref>Kavitha A. Davidson (21 March 2013). [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/21/democracy-index-2013-economist-intelligence-unit_n_2909619.html Democracy Index 2013: Global Democracy At A Standstill, The Economist Intelligence Unit's Annual Report Shows] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701035635/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/21/democracy-index-2013-economist-intelligence-unit_n_2909619.html |date=2015-07-01 }}. ''[[The Huffington Post]].'' Retrieved 27 August 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2013_EN_complete.pdf |title=2013 Human Development Report |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |accessdate=28 July 2013 |archive-date=2013-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818132717/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2013_EN_complete.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="OECD Better Life Index">{{cite web|title=OECD Better Life Index|url=http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/#/11111111111|publisher=OECD Publishing|accessdate=27 August 2013|archive-date=2013-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901021731/http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/#/11111111111|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline|title=2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline|publisher=|accessdate=17 September 2014|archive-date=2014-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806123613/http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="wefcomp" /> Swedia menjadi anggota Uni Eropa sejak 1 Januari 1995, tetapi menolak keanggotaan [[zona Euro]] setelah [[Referendum euro Swedia, 2003|referendum]]. Negara ini juga anggota [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], [[Dewan Nordik]], [[Dewan Eropa]], [[Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia]] dan [[Organisasi untuk Kerjasama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi]] (OECD).
SUBHAN ALLAAH !!!!!!! ♥
"مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ * بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لّا يَبْغِيَانِ * فَبِأَيِّ آلاَءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ "
 
 
"He released the two seas, meeting [side by side]; Between them is a barrier [so] neither of them transgresses. So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" [Surah Ar Rahman, 55:1-21]
 
 
In a clear video:
 
Cannot stop praising & glorifying Allaah! ♥
 
 
 
First of all, here are the Ayaat of the Holy Quran, in Surah Rahman, Surah 55:19- 28
 
 
[19] He has let free the two bodies of flowing water (salt and fresh), meeting together:
[20] Between them is a barrier which they do not transgress:
[21] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
[22] Out of them come pearls and coral:
[23] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
[24] Also, his are the ships displayed upon the sea, like banners.
[25] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
[26] All that live on it will perish.
[27] And there will endure for ever the person of your lord, the lord of glory and honor
[28] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
 
 
Now, what Modern science has discovered is, that where the 2 seas meet, there is a barrier. This barrier divides the 2 seas so that they do not mix. Each sea has its own salinity, density and temperature. (Principles of Oceanography, Davis, pp. 92-93.)
 
 
There is a slanted unseen water barrier between the seas through which water from one sea passes to the other. But when the water from one sea enters the other sea, it loses its distinctive characteristic and becomes homogenized with the other water. In a way this barrier serves as a transitional homogenizing area for the two waters.
 
 
This scientific phenonmenon mentioned in the QUR’AN was also confirmed by Dr. William Hay who is a well-known marine scientist and Professor of Geological Sciences at the University of Colorado, U.S.A.
 
 
The barrier has a different salinity and density from both the seas.
 
 
Modern Science has discovered that in estuaries, where fresh(sweet) and salt water meet, the situation is somewhat different from that found in places where two seas meet. It has been discovered that what distinguishes fresh water from salt water in estuarie is a “pycnocline zone with a marked density discontinuity separating the two layers.“ {Oceanography, Gross, p.242. Also see Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp. 300-301 ; Oceanography, Gross, p. 244 and Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp.300-301}.
 
 
One place on earth where this phenomenon is exhibited is Cape Agulhas, South Africa, where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Indian Ocean. It’s just amazing…
 
 
The barrier between the 2 seas infobox}}
'''Swedia''' (secara resmi: '''Kerajaan Swedia''', {{lang-sv|{{Audio|Sv-Konungariket Sverige.ogg|''Konungariket Sverige''}}}}), adalah sebuah [[[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/21/democracy-index-2013-economist-intelligence-unit_n_2909619.html Democracy Index 2013: Global Democracy At A Standstill, The Economist Intelligence Unit's Annual Report Shows] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701035635/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/21/democracy-index-2013-economist-intelligence-unit_n_2909619.html |date=2015-07-01 }}. ''[[The Huffington Post]].'' Retrieved 27 August 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2013_EN_complete.pdf |title=2013 Human Development Report |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |accessdate=28 July 2013 |archive-date=2013-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818132717/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2013_EN_complete.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref na Life Index">{{cite web|title=OECD Better Life Index|url=http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/#/11111111111|publisher=OECD Publishing|accessdate=27 August -Miracle of Quran - two rivers side by side
Assalam alaikum wa rehmatullah wa barakatuhu,
 
 
Today when I was surfing and just checking updates on Facebook, I came across an update status on Miracle of Quran. I then searched further on Google for the science part of it as well.... I would like to share the video and part of article as well.
 
 
 
SUBHAN ALLAAH !!!!!!! ♥
"مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ * بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لّا يَبْغِيَانِ * فَبِأَيِّ آلاَءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ "
 
 
"He released the two seas, meeting [side by side]; Between them is a barrier [so] neither of them transgresses. So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?" [Surah Ar Rahman, 55:1-21]
 
 
In a clear video:
 
Cannot stop praising & glorifying Allaah! ♥
 
 
 
First of all, here are the Ayaat of the Holy Quran, in Surah Rahman, Surah 55:19- 28
 
 
[19] He has let free the two bodies of flowing water (salt and fresh), meeting together:
[20] Between them is a barrier which they do not transgress:
[21] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
[22] Out of them come pearls and coral:
[23] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
[24] Also, his are the ships displayed upon the sea, like banners.
[25] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
[26] All that live on it will perish.
[27] And there will endure for ever the person of your lord, the lord of glory and honor
[28] Then which of the favors of your lord will ye deny?
 
 
Now, what Modern science has discovered is, that where the 2 seas meet, there is a barrier. This barrier divides the 2 seas so that they do not mix. Each sea has its own salinity, density and temperature. (Principles of Oceanography, Davis, pp. 92-93.)
 
 
There is a slanted unseen water barrier between the seas through which water from one sea passes to the other. But when the water from one sea enters the other sea, it loses its distinctive characteristic and becomes homogenized with the other water. In a way this barrier serves as a transitional homogenizing area for the two waters.
 
 
This scientific phenonmenon mentioned in the QUR’AN was also confirmed by Dr. William Hay who is a well-known marine scientist and Professor of Geological Sciences at the University of Colorado, U.S.A.
 
 
The barrier has a different salinity and density from both the seas.
 
 
Modern Science has discovered that in estuaries, where fresh(sweet) and salt water meet, the situation is somewhat different from that found in places where two seas meet. It has been discovered that what distinguishes fresh water from salt water in estuarie is a “pycnocline zone with a marked density discontinuity separating the two layers.“ {Oceanography, Gross, p.242. Also see Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp. 300-301 ; Oceanography, Gross, p. 244 and Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp.300-301}.
 
 
One place on earth where this phenomenon is exhibited is Cape Agulhas, South Africa, where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Indian Ocean. It’s just amazing…
 
 
The barrier between the 2 seas =2013-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901021731/http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/#/11111111111|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline|title=2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline|publisher=|accessdate=17 September 2014|archive-date=2014-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806123613/http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="wefcomp" /> Swedia menjadi anggota Uni Eropa sejak 1 Januari 1995, tetapi menolak keanggotaan [[zona Euro]] setelah [[Referendum euro Swedia, 2003|referendum]]. Negara ini juga anggota [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], [[Dewan Nordik]], [[Dewan Eropa]], [[Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia]] dan [[Organisasi untuk Kerjasama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi]] (OECD).
 
== Sejarah ==
[[Berkas:1730 Homann Map of Scandinavia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and the Baltics - Geographicus - Scandinavia-homann-1730.jpg|jmpl|450px|Peta lama yang menunjukkan lokasi Swedia pada periode 1648–1721.]]{{utama|Sejarah Swedia}}Pada abad ke-11 dan ke-12, Swedia secara perlahan menjadi kerajaan Kristen yang bersatu. Pada awal abad pertengahan, negara Swedia memperluas wilayahnya dan berhasil mengendalikan kawasan Norrland dan Finlandia. Negara Swedia tergabung dalam Uni Kalmar pada tahun 1397 dan kemudian Gustav Vasa memimpin perang yang berhasil melepaskan Swedia dari persatuan tersebut pada abad ke-16. Vasa tidak hanya memerdekakan Swedia, tetapi juga melepaskan Swedia dari kekuasaan Gereja Katolik dan mendirikan Gereja Lutheran di Swedia. Pada abad ke-17, wilayah Swedia terus meluas, sehingga terbentuklah Kekaisaran Swedia.
{{utama|Sejarah Swedia}}
 
== Politik ==
Baris 117 ⟶ 19:
{{utama|Daerah di Swedia|Komune di Swedia}}
[[Berkas:SWE-Map_Kommuner2007.svg|jmpl|Municipal divisions of Sweden]]
Wilayah tingkat satu di Swedia disebut daerah atau ''county'' ({{lang-sv|län}}). Swedia adalah [[negara Komuniskesatuan]] yang terdiri dari 21 daerah ({{Lang-sv|län}}) dan 290 komune ({{Lang-sv|kommuner}}).
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Kode ISO 3166-2
! scope="col" | Kode NUTS
! scope="col" | Bendera
! scope="col" | Lambang
! scope="col" | Nama
! scope="col" | Ibu kota
! scope="col" | Gubernur
! scope="col" | Luas (km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| SE-AB || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE110|SE110}} || [[File:Stockholms län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Stockholm län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Stockholm|Stockholm]] || [[Stockholm]] || [[Sven-Erik Österberg]] || 6.519,3
|-
| SE-AC || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE331|SE331}} || [[File:Västerbottens län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Västerbotten län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Västerbotten|Västerbotten]] || [[Umeå]] || [[Magdalena Andersson (Moderate)|Magdalena Andersson]] || 55.186,2
|-
| SE-BD || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE332|SE332}} || [[File:Norrbottens län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Norrbotten län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Norrbotten|Norrbotten]] || [[Luleå]] || [[Björn O. Nilsson]] || 98.244,8
|-
| SE-C || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE121|SE121}} || [[File:Uppsala län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Uppland vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Uppsala|Uppsala]] || [[Uppsala]] || [[Göran Enander]] || 8.207,2
|-
| SE-D || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE122|SE122}} || [[File:Södermanlands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Södermanland vapen.svg|50px]] ||data-sort-value="SZZOdermanland"| [[Daerah Södermanland|Södermanland]] || [[Nyköping]] ||[[Beatrice Ask]]|| 6.102,3
|-
| SE-E || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE123|SE123}} || [[File:Östergötlands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Östergötland vapen.svg|50px]] ||data-sort-value="ZZOstergötland"| [[Daerah Östergötland|Östergötland]] || [[Linköping]] || [[Carl Fredrik Graf]] || 10.602,0
|-
| SE-F || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE211|SE211}} || [[File:Jönköpings län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Jönköping län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Jönköping|Jönköping]] || [[Jönköping]] || Helena Jonsson || 10.495,1
|-
| SE-G || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE212|SE212}} || [[File:Kronobergs län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Kronoberg vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Kronoberg|Kronoberg]] || [[Växjö]] || [[Ingrid Burman]] || 8.466,0
|-
| SE-H || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE213|SE213}} || [[File:Kalmar län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Kalmar län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Kalmar|Kalmar]] || [[Kalmar (kota)|Kalmar]] || [[Thomas Carlzon]] || 11.217,8
|-
| SE-I || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE214|SE214}} || [[File:Gotlands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Gotland vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Gotland|Gotland]] || [[Visby]] || [[Anders Flanking]] || 3.151,4
|-
| SE-K || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE221|SE221}} || [[File:Blekinge län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Blekinge vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Blekinge|Blekinge]] || [[Karlskrona]] || [[Sten Nordins]] || 2.946,4
|-
| SE-M || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE224|SE224}} || [[File:Skåne län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Skåne län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Skåne|Skåne]] || [[Malmö]], ''[[Kristianstad]]'' || [[Anneli Hulthén]] || 11.034,5
|-
| SE-N || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE231|SE231}} || [[File:Hallands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Halland vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Halland|Halland]] || [[Halmstad]] || [[Lena Sommestad]] || 5.460,7
|-
| SE-O || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE232|SE232}} || [[File:Västra Götalands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Västra Götaland vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Västra Götaland|Västra Götaland]] || [[Gothenburg]], ''[[Vänersborg]]'' || [[Anders Danielsson]] || 23.948,8
|-
| SE-S || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE311|SE311}} || [[File:Värmlands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Värmland vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Värmland|Värmland]] || [[Karlstad]] || [[Johan Blom]] (''plt.'') || 17.591,0
|-
| SE-T || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE124|SE124}} || [[File:Örebro län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Örebro län vapen.svg|50px]] ||data-sort-value="ZZOrebro"| [[Daerah Örebro|Örebro]] || [[Örebro]] || [[Maria Larsson]] || 8.545,6
|-
| SE-U || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE125|SE125}} || [[File:Västmanlands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Västmanland vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Västmanland|Västmanland]] || [[Västerås]] || [[Minoo Akhtarzand]] || 5.145,8
|-
| SE-W || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE312|SE312}} || [[File:Dalarnas län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Dalarna vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Dalarna|Dalarna]] || [[Falun]] || [[Ylva Thörn]] || 28.188,8
|-
| SE-X || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE313|SE313}} || [[File:Gävleborgs län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Gävleborg län vapen.svg|50px]] ||data-sort-value="GZZEvleborg"| [[Daerah Gävleborg|Gävleborg]] || [[Gävle]] || [[Per Bill]] || 18.198,9
|-
| SE-Y || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE321|SE321}} || [[File:Västernorrlands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Västernorrland län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Västernorrland|Västernorrland]] || [[Härnösand]] || [[Berit Högman]] || 21.683,8
|-
| SE-Z || {{URL|http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/SE322|SE322}} || [[File:Jämtlands län vapenflagga.svg|50px]] || [[File:Jämtland län vapen.svg|50px]] || [[Daerah Jämtland|Jämtland]] || [[Östersund]] || [[Jöran Hägglund]] || 49.341,2
|}[[File:SWE-Map Kommuner2007.svg|thumb|Pembagian komune di Swedia]]
{{Subdivisions_of_Sweden}}
'''Komune''' ({{lang-sv|Sveriges kommuner}}) adalah pembagian wilayah administratif di Swedia. Komune berada setingkat di bawah [[daerah di Swedia|daerah ''(län)'']]. Di Swedia, terdapat 290 komune.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kommuner, lista|url=https://skr.se/tjanster/kommunerochregioner/kommunerlista.1246.html|website=skr.se|language=sv|access-date=2020-11-07}}</ref> Komune bertanggung jawab atas sebagian besar layanan publik, seperti sekolah, layanan darurat, dan perencanaan lahan.
 
== Geografi ==
Baris 137 ⟶ 93:
Dari strukturnya, ekonomi Swedia dikarakterisasikan pada sektor manufaktur berorientasi ekspor berbasis pengetahuan, [[sektor jasa]] bisnis, dan sektor pelayanan publik. Organisasi besar, baik manufaktur dan jasa, mendominasi [[ekonomi Swedia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infoexport.gc.ca/science/nordics_sweden_report-en.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004050916/http://www.infoexport.gc.ca/science/nordics_sweden_report-en.htm|archivedate=2006-10-04|title=Doing Business Abroad – Innovation, Science and Technology|publisher=Infoexport.gc.ca|accessdate=6 May 2009|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Manufaktur teknologi medium dan tinggi menyumbang 9.9% PDB.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/details/innovation/high-medium-high-technology-manufacturing.aspx |title=High- and medium-high-technology manufacturing |publisher=Conferenceboard.ca |accessdate=22 September 2012 |archive-date=2012-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032054/http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/details/innovation/high-medium-high-technology-manufacturing.aspx |dead-url=no }}</ref>
 
20 perusahaan terbesar di Swedia tahun 2007 adalah [[Volvo]], [[Ericsson]], [[Vattenfall]], [[Skanska]], [[Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB]], [[Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget]], [[Electrolux]], [[Volvo Personvagnar]], [[TeliaSonera]], [[Sandvik]], [[Scania AB|Scania]], [[ICA AB|ICA]], [[Hennes & Mauritz]], [[IKEA]], [[Nordea]], [[Preem]], [[Atlas Copco]], [[Securitas AB|Securitas]], [[Nordstjernan]] dan [[SKF]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.largestcompanies.com/default$/lev2-TopList/lev2Desc-The_largest_companies_in_the_Nordic_countries_by%A0turnover%A0%28excl._national_subsidiaries%29/AdPageId-102/list-2/cc-SE/ |title=20 largest companies in Sweden |publisher=Largestcompanies.com |date=6 October 2009 |accessdate=25 August 2010 |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://archive.istoday/20120628210238/http://www.largestcompanies.com/default$/lev2-TopList/lev2Desc-The_largest_companies_in_the_Nordic_countries_by%A0turnover%A0(excl._national_subsidiaries)/AdPageId-102/list-2/cc-SE/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sebagian besar industri di Swedia dipegang swasta. Perusahaan publik tidak memegang peranan yang besar.
 
[[Berkas:Sw real gdp growth.svg|jmpl|kiri|Pertumbuhan PDB Swedia, 1996–2006.]]
Baris 146 ⟶ 102:
Total pajak yang dikumpulkan negara ini sebagai persentase PDB pernah mencapai puncaknya tahun 1990 yaitu 52.3%.<ref name=oecdtax11 /> Negara ini mengalami krisis perbankan dan real estat tahun 1990–1991, dan kemudian meluncurkan reformasi pajak tahun 1991.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Tax reform of the Century – the Swedish Experiment|author=Agell, Jonas; Englund, Peter and Södersten, Jan|journal=National Tax Journal|volume=49|date=December 1996|pages=643–664|url=http://ntj.tax.org/wwtax/ntjrec.nsf/0/c7b05cd84d78235e85256863004b1f50/$file/v49n4643.pdf|issue=4|access-date=2015-11-19|archive-date=2012-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127123312/http://ntj.tax.org/wwtax/ntjrec.nsf/0/c7b05cd84d78235e85256863004b1f50/$file/v49n4643.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.riksbank.se/sv/Press-och-publicerat/Tal/1998/Financial-Crisis----Experiences-from-Sweden/ |title=Financial Crisis – Experiences from Sweden, Lars Heikensten (1998) |publisher=Riksbank.se |date=15 July 1998 |accessdate=13 March 2013 |archive-date=2013-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202160149/http://www.riksbank.se/sv/Press-och-publicerat/Tal/1998/Financial-Crisis----Experiences-from-Sweden/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Sejak 1990, pajak sebagai persentase PDB yang dikumpulkan negara semakin berkurang, dengan total tingkat pajak dari pendapatan tertinggi mengalami penurunan terbanyak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lifetime Versus Annual Tax Progressivity: Sweden, 1968–2009|author=Bengtsson, Niklas; Holmlund, Bertil and Waldenström, Daniel|date=June 2012|publisher=Uppsala University, Sweden|url=http://ssrn.com/abstract=2098702|access-date=2015-11-19|archive-date=2023-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215074854/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2098702|dead-url=no}}</ref> Tahun 2010 45.8% PDB negara dikumpulkan dari pajak, tertinggi kedua di antara negara-negara OECD, dan hampir 2x dari Amerika atau Korea Selatan.<ref name=oecdtax11>{{cite web|title=Revenue Statistics – Comparative tables|publisher=OECD, Europe|year=2011|url=http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=21699|access-date=2015-11-19|archive-date=2012-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918223747/http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=21699|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Swedia adalah negara dengan ekonomi paling kompetitif keempat di dunia, menurut [[Forum Ekonomi Dunia]] dalam ''Laporan Kekompetitifan Global 2012–2013''.<ref name="wefcomp">{{cite web |url=http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness |title=Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013 |publisher=World Economic Forum |date=5 September 2012 |accessdate=9 June 2013 |archive-date=2014-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210040419/http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness |dead-url=no }}</ref> Swedia juga menempati posisi terbaik dalam ''Indeks Ekonomi Hijau Dunia'' (Global Green Economy Index, GGEI) 2014.<ref name="ggei">{{cite web |url=http://dualcitizeninc.com/GGEI-Report2014.pdf |title=2014 Global Green Economy Index |publisher=Dual Citizen LLC |date=19 October 2014 |accessdate=19 October 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028201432/http://dualcitizeninc.com/GGEI-Report2014.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Swedia menempati posisi keempat dalam IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2013.<ref name="imd">{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.org/wcc/news-wcy-ranking/ |title=IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2013 |publisher=Imd.ch |date=30 May 2013 |accessdate=9 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609063421/http://www.imd.org/wcc/news-wcy-ranking/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> Menurut buku ''The Flight of the Creative Class'' yang dibuat oleh profesor ekonomi Amerika [[Richard Florida]] dari [[Universitas Toronto]], Swedia memiliki kreativitas terbaik di Eropa untuk berbisnis dan bisa menjadi magnet bagi pekerja-pekerja dunia.<ref>"{{Wayback |df=yes|date=20070521053538 |url=http://www.isa.se/templates/News____59355.aspx |title=''Sweden most creative country in Europe & top talent hotspot'' }}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}, [[Invest in Sweden Agency]], 25 June 2005. Retrieved from Internet Archive 13 January 2014.</ref>
 
Swedia mempertahankan mata uangnya, [[krona Swedia]] (SEK), sebagai bagian dari penolakan [[euro]] pada sebuah referendum. [[Sveriges Riksbank|Riksbank]]—didirikan 1668 dan menjadi bank sentral tertua di dunia—saat ini berfokus pada stabilitas harga dengan target inflasi 2%. Menurut ''Survei Ekonomi Swedia 2007'' oleh OECD, inflasi rata-rata negara ini adalah yang terendah di antara negara-negara Eropa sejak pertengahan 1990-an, berkat deregulasi dan mengikuti globalisasi.<ref name="oecd2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/document/37/0,3343,en_2649_34569_38048997_1_1_1_1,00.html |title=Economic survey of Sweden 2007 |publisher=Oecd.org |date=1 January 1970 |accessdate=25 August 2010 |archive-date=2011-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426123744/http://www.oecd.org/document/37/0%2C3343%2Cen_2649_34569_38048997_1_1_1_1%2C00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
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