Kartel Jalisco Generasi Baru: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{short description|Kartel narkoba Meksiko}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
Baris 6 ⟶ 5:
| native_name = Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption = Logo dari Jalisco New Generation Cartel
| years active = 2009–sekarang<ref name="courier-journal1">{{cite news |title=Who is El Mencho? He's the most powerful drug kingpin you've never heard of |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/in-depth/news/crime/2019/11/24/el-mencho-what-know-powerful-cjng-mexican-drug-cartel-leader/4086498002/ |access-date=25 July 2021 |work=Couier Journal |date=24 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="insightcrime.org">{{cite web| title= Jalisco Cartel New Generation (CJNG)| website=InSight Crime | date=2020-06-08 | url=https://www.insightcrime.org/mexico-organized-crime-news/jalisco-cartel-new-generation/|access-date=2020-11-25}}</ref>
| ethnic makeup = [[Hispanic]]
| territory = '''[[Meksiko]]:'''<br />[[Jalisco]], [[ Michoacan]], [[Zacatecas]], [[Guanajuato]] [[Nayarit]], [[Nuevo León]], [[Aguascalientes]], [[Colima]], [[Baja California]], [[Baja California Sur]], [[Chihuahua (
'''Amerika Serikat:'''<br /> [[California]], [[New York (negara bagian)|New York]], [[Oregon]], [[Illinois]], [[Texas]], [[Georgia (negara bagian)|Georgia]], [[Florida]], [[Washington]]<br>
'''[[Australia]]:'''<br />[[Victoria (negara bagian)|Victoria]], [[New South Wales]]<br />
Baris 16 ⟶ 15:
'''[[Eropa]]''':<br /> [[Prancis]], [[Britania Raya]], [[Balkan]], [[Italia]], [[Spanyol]]
| founded = 31 August 2009
| founder = [[Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes]], Emilio Alejandro Pulido Salazar, [[Martin Arzola Ortega]], dan [[Erick Valencia Salazar]]<ref name=co-founders>{{cite news|url=https://laverdadnoticias-com.translate.goog/crimen/Quien-es-Emilio-Alejandro-Pulido-Saldana-y-cual-es-su-papel-en-el-CJNG-20210602-0087.html?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc|title=Who is Emilio Alejandro Pulido Saldaña and what is his role in the CJNG?|first=Naye|last=Valdez|publisher=La Verdad|date=2021-06-02|accessdate=2022-10-12}}</ref>▼
▲| membership = 6,000–20,000 (suspected){{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
| leaders = [[Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes]], Juan Carlos Valencia González, Ricardo Ruiz Velasco
| founding location = [[Guadalajara, Meksiko]], [[Jalisco]]<ref name="courier-journal1"/><ref name="usopenborders.com">{{cite news|title=New group identified in Guadalajara|url=http://usopenborders.com/2011/12/new-group-identified-in-guadalajara-2/|access-date=24 July 2012|newspaper=U.S. Open Borders|date=10 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512155738/http://usopenborders.com/2011/12/new-group-identified-in-guadalajara-2/|archive-date=12 May 2012}}</ref>
| criminal activities = Perdagangan narkoba, perdagangan senjata, perdagangan manusia, [[penyelundupan manusia]], pembunuhan, penculikan, penyiksaan, [[pemerasan]], pemerasan, pencurian minyak bumi, penyerangan, prostitusi, [[pencucian uang]]<ref name="upi.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/US-sanctions-2-for-money-laundering-prostitution-tied-to-Mexican-cartel/6281523031925/|title=U.S. sanctions 2 for money laundering, prostitution tied to Mexican cartel|website=UPI|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="wjla.com">{{cite web| title= Nobody has seen a cartel like this': DOJ targets one of Mexico's most powerful drug organizations| date=2018-10-17| url=https://wjla.com/news/nation-world/trumps-war-on-drugs-focuses-on-mexican-cartels}}</ref><ref name="Mexico News Daily">{{cite web|url= https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/training-cjng-recruits-they-eat-their-victims/|title = Training CJNG recruits: they eat their victims|work = Mexico News Daily|date = 20 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="borderlandbeat1">{{cite news |title= CJNG captures a Carteles Unidos leader "EL Ghost Rider" and torches his face-Video |url = http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2020/09/cjng-captures-carteles-unidos-leader-el.html |access-date=25 July 2021 |work=Borderland Beat |date=24 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="borderlandbeat2">{{cite news |title= CJNG's "Payaso" Flays the face of FM/Viagras Member, then taunts the victim who is still alive |url = http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2020/04/cjng-payaso-flays-face-of-fmviagras.html |access-date=25 July 2021 |work=Borderland Beat |date=10 April 2020}}</ref>
| allies = [[Milenio Cartel|Los Cuinis]]<br> Grupo Elite<ref name="Vice">{{cite news |title= Mexican Cartels Are Arming Themselves to the Teeth With Powerful US Sniper Rifles |url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/ep48pz/how-deadly-american-sniper-rifles-became-the-mexican-cartels-favorite-weapon |access-date=25 July 2021 |work= Vice News |publisher=Vice |date=20 August 2020}}</ref> (
[[Guerreros Unidos]]<ref name="Las alianzas estratégicas del Menc">{{cite web| title = Las alianzas estratégicas del "Mencho": quiénes serían sus socios en la Familia Michoacana, el Cártel del Golfo y Guerreros Unidos| url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/03/03/las-alianzas-estrategicas-del-mencho-quienes-serian-sus-socios-en-la-familia-michoacana-el-cartel-del-golfo-y-guerreros-unidos/|work = infobae| date = 2021-03-03}}</ref><br>[[Camorra]]<br>[[Nuestra Familia]]<br>Los Piña<ref name="Veracruz: Ana Lilia aka La Contadora, Leader Of Los Piña Arrested">{{cite news|title= Veracruz: Ana Lilia aka La Contadora, Leader Of Los Piña Arrested|url= http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2022/08/veracruz-ana-lilia-aka-la-contadora-for.html?m=1|newspaper=[[Borderland Beat]]|date=31 August 2022}}</ref><br>Caza Templa-Viagras<ref name="Laopinion.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.laopinion.com/2019/11/04/video-cjng-muestra-a-sus-caza-templa-viagras-comando-encargado-de-conquistar-michoacan/ |title=VIDEO: CJNG muestra a sus "Caza Templa-Viagras", comando encargado de conquistar Michoacán - La Opinión |publisher=Laopinion.com |date= 4 November 2019|accessdate=2021-11-20}}</ref> (
| rivals = {{flag|Mexico}}<ref name="córdoba1">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/brutal-gang-rises-as-mexicos-top-security-threat-11594209600|title=Brutal Gang Rises as Mexico's Top Security Threat|first=Juan Montes and José de|last=Córdoba|date=8 July 2020|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |title= On the Front Line of Mexico's Forever War Against the Cartels |url =
https://www.vice.com/en/article/z3v7kj/on-the-front-line-of-mexicos-forever-war-against-the-cartels |access-date=25 July 2021 |work=Vice News |publisher=Vice |date=25 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="infobae1">{{cite news |title=Quiénes serían los funcionarios en la mira del CJNG |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2020/07/02/quienes-serian-los-funcionarios-en-la-mira-del-cjng/ |access-date=11 January 2021 |work=infobae |date=1 June 2020 |language=es-ES}}</ref><br>[[Sinaloa Cartel]]<ref name="National Geographic">{{cite news |title= Trafficked with Mariana van Zeller: Season 1 Episode 8: Guns |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv/shows/trafficked-with-mariana-van-zeller/episode-guide/season-01/episode-08-guns/vdka21702613 |access-date=12 February 2021 |work= Trafficked with Mariana van Zeller |publisher=National Geographic |date=13 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Borderland Beat">{{cite news |title= 18 Dead in CJNG vs Sinaloa Cartel Clash in Zacatecas/Jalisco Border |url=http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2021/06/18-dead-in-cjng-vs-sinaloa-cartel-clash.html |access-date=10 August 2021 |work=Borderland Beat |date=26 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="borderlandbeat3">{{cite news |title= CJNG is going for control of all national territory after breaking alliance with El Mayo Zambada |url = http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2017/08/cjng-is-going-for-control-of-all.html |access-date=15 August 2021 |work=Borderland Beat |date=10 August 2017}}</ref><br>[[Kartel Tijuana
▲|founded
'''Kartel''' '''Jalisco Generasi Baru''' ({{lang-es|Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación}}) atau '''CJNG''', dulunya dikenal sebagai ''Los Mata Zetas'',<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.insightcrime.org/mexico-organized-crime-news/jalisco-cartel-new-generation/|title=Jalisco Cartel New Generation (CJNG)|first=InSight|last=Crime|date=6 May 2015|website=[[InSight Crime]] |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="LaSusa">{{cite web|url=https://www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/mexicos-cjng-following-footsteps-zetas/|title=Is Mexico's CJNG Following in the Footsteps of the Zetas?|first=Mike|last=LaSusa|date=19 February 2018|website=InSight Crime|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Gagne">{{cite web|url=https://www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/bloody-attack-police-mexico-raises-jalisco-cartel-profile/|title=Bloody Attack on Police in Mexico Raises Jalisco Cartel's Profile|first=David|last=Gagne|date=8 April 2015|website=InSight Crime|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="McPhate">{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/two-convicted-in-jalisco-new-generation-cartel-kidnapping-plot-10439871|title=Two South Texans Convicted in North Texas Court for Cartel-Related Kidnapping Plot|first=Christian|last=McPhate|date=6 March 2018|website=Dallas Observer|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> adalah [[Kartel narkoba Meksiko|organisasi sindikat kejahatan Meksiko]] berpusat di [[Jalisco]] dengan dipimpin oleh [[Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes]] ("El Mencho"), salah satu dari [[Raja narkoba|bandar narkoba]] paling dicari didunia.<ref name="vanguardia.com.mx">{{cite news|title='El Chapo' y Cártel de Jalisco, aliados contra Zetas: (defeated By Cartel Jalisco) Stratfor|url=http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/elchapoycarteldejaliscoaliadoscontrazetasstratfor-1268224.html|access-date=22 April 2012|newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]]|date=19 April 2012|language=es}}</ref> Kartel ini dicirikan oleh penggunaan kekerasan ekstrem yang agresif dan kampanye hubungan masyarakatnya.<ref name="insightcrime.org" /> Meskipun CJNG terkenal karena melakukan diversifikasi ke berbagai jenis [[Pemerasan|kejahatan pemerasan]], perdagangan narkoba (terutama kokain dan [[metamfetamin]]) tetap merupakan aktivitas yang paling menguntungkan.<ref name="wjla.com" /><ref name="insightcrime.org" /> Kartel ini juga terkenal karena [[kanibalisme]] beberapa korbannya, terkadang selama pelatihan anggota baru [[wikt:sicario#English|sicario]] atau anggota kartel, serta menggunakan [[Pesawat nirawak|drone]]<ref name="Mexico News Daily" /><ref name="The School of Terror: Inside a Jali">{{cite web | title= The School of Terror: Inside a Jalisco Cartel Training Camp in Mexico | website=InSight Crime | date=2019-05-13 | url=https://www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/training-grounds-mexico-jalisco-cartel/| access-date=2020-12-02}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2"/> dan [[granat berpeluncur roket]] untuk menyerang musuh.<ref name="Stevenson">{{cite web|last=Stevenson|first=Mark|date=18 March 2020|title=In Mexico, a cartel is taking over: Jalisco New Generation|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mexico-cartel-taking-jalisco-generation-69657724|website= ABC News|language=en-US}}</ref>
Baris 35 ⟶ 33:
Kartel Generasi Baru Jalisco memperluas jaringan operasinya dari pantai ke pantai hanya dalam waktu enam bulan, menjadikannya salah satu kelompok kriminal dengan kapasitas operasi terbesar di Meksiko pada tahun 2012.<ref name="eluniversal.com.mx">{{cite news|title='Chapo' y Cártel de Jalisco, aliados contra Zetas: Stratfor|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/842470.html|access-date=22 April 2012|newspaper=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|date=19 April 2012|language=es}}</ref> Saat ini, Kartel Sinaloa bersekutu dengan Kartel Generasi Baru Jalisco untuk melawan Los Zetas.<ref name="Viernes negro en Nuevo Laredo: 23 m">{{cite news|title=Viernes negro en Nuevo Laredo: 23 muertos|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2012/374076/6/viernes-negro-en-nuevo-laredo-23-muertos.htm|access-date=5 May 2012|newspaper= El Informador|date=5 May 2012|language=es}}</ref> Pada periode setelah munculnya kartel CJNG, pembunuhan, penculikan dan penemuan kuburan massal melonjak di Jalisco.<ref name="insightcrime.org" />
Pada tahun 2017, CJNG dilaporkan memutuskan aliansinya dengan [[Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada]] dari Kartel Sinaloa.<ref name="borderlandbeat3"/> Pada tahun 2018, CJNG menjadi kartel terkuat kedua di Meksiko, dan diyakini memiliki lebih dari 100 laboratorium metamfetamin di seluruh negeri. Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata jalanan, perdagangannya dapat menghasilkan $8,1 miliar untuk kokain dan $4,6 miliar untuk sabu setiap tahunnya.<ref name="wjla.com" /><ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-violence-idUSKBN1HV07Y|title=Mexican students were killed, dissolved in acid, officials say|date=24 April 2018|access-date=3 March 2019|via=www.reuters.com|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="businessinsider.com.pl">{{cite web|url=https://businessinsider.com.pl/international/with-el-chapo-guzman-locked-up-abroad-the-shift-in-mexicos-cartel-underworld-grinds/lfgxe8t|title=With 'El Chapo' Guzmán locked up abroad, the shift in Mexico's cartel underworld grinds on|first1=Christopher|last1= Woody |date=7 February 2017|website=Business Insider|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="businessinsider.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/r-carnage-and-corruption-upstart-mexican-cartels-path-to-top-2016-10|title=Crystal meth 'superpower': An upstart cartel is climbing to the top of Mexico's narco underworld|first=Christopher|last= Woody|agency=[[Reuters]]|website=Business Insider|access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> Pada tahun 2018, salah satu pendiri CJNG Érick Valencia Salazar dan mantan pemimpin tinggi CJNG Carlos Enrique Sánchez juga meninggalkan kartel dan ikut mendirikan kartel saingan yang disebut [[Kartel Nueva Plaza]].<ref name="Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación: Cá">{{cite web|url=https://vanguardia.com.mx/articulo/cartel-nueva-plaza-y-cartel-de-sinaloa-buscan-arrebatar-al-cartel-jalisco-nueva-generacion|title=Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación: Cártel Nueva Plaza y Cártel de Sinaloa se unen para arrebatale el control de las drogas en el occidente del país | newspaper=Vanguardia |date=2018-09-10}}</ref><ref name=salazarelcholo /><ref name=sinaloajoin /><ref name="insightcrime2018" />
▲In March 2019, Texas [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] congressman [[Chip Roy]] introduced a bill that would list the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, the [[Gulf Cartel]] and the Cártel del Noreste faction of Los Zetas as [[United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations|foreign terrorist organizations]]. Former United States President [[Donald Trump]] had also expressed interest in designating cartels as terrorist organizations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://roy.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-chip-roy-releases-bill-asking-sec-pompeo-designate-cartels-foreign |title = Rep. Chip Roy Releases Bill Asking Sec. Pompeo to Designate Cartels Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOsnuhhwwwa)| date = 12 March 2019}}</ref> However, he halted plans to do so at the request of Mexican President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50697635 |title = Trump halts plan to treat cartels as terrorists|work = BBC News|date = 7 December 2019}}</ref> From 2018 to 2020, the CJNG engaged in 298 reported acts of gang-related violence; more than any other cartel during the period.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goos |first1=Curtis |title=GANG VIOLENCE IN MEXICO: 2018-2020 |url=https://acleddata.com/2020/12/09/gang-violence-in-mexico-2018-2020/ |website=ACLED|date=9 December 2020 }}</ref> By 2020, U.S. counter-drug officials considered CJNG its "biggest criminal drug threat" and Mexico's former security commissioner called the group "the most urgent threat to Mexico's national security", "the most technologically advanced, sophisticated, heavily-armed, dangerous, and feared criminal organization in the world", and "Mexico's most dangerous criminal organization."<ref name="córdoba1" />
==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
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