[[File:Karan_offering_an_old_poor_man,_bent_with_age_and_destitution,_a_Kavach_that_is_embedded_in_his_arms_and_is_retrieved_by_culling_with_a_knife.jpg|thumb|[[Karna]] ( centertengah) sacrificesmempersembahkan his[[baju divinezirah]] armoursakti, whilesementara hisistrinya wifemenyaksikan watchesdalam inkegalauan distress—a― sceneadegan from thedari ''[[Mahabharata]]'' byyang dilukis oleh Bamapada Banerjee .|alt=]] ▼{{Sedang ditulis}}
▲[[File:Karan_offering_an_old_poor_man,_bent_with_age_and_destitution,_a_Kavach_that_is_embedded_in_his_arms_and_is_retrieved_by_culling_with_a_knife.jpg|thumb|[[Karna]] (center) sacrifices his divine armour, while his wife watches in distress—a scene from the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' by Bamapada Banerjee|alt=]]
In the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the wife of the warrior [[Karna]] is unnamed and in the ''[[Stri Parva]]'' of the epic, she is mentioned as the mother of [[Vrishasena]] and Sushena, the most prominent sons of Karna.
Dalam [[wiracarita]] [[Hindu]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', '''istri [[Karna]]''' tidak disebutkan namanya. Dalam jilid ''[[Striparwa]]'' dari wiracarita tersebut, dia disebut sebagai ibu dari [[Wresasena]] dan Susena, putra Karna yang paling terkemuka.
Karna's wives are subjects of fantasy and different stories and folktales portray different women as the wives of Karna. The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] play ''Karna Moksham'' portray '''Ponnuruvi''' as his wife, while the regional ''[[Kashidasi Mahabharata]]'' states her to be '''Padmavati'''. In many modern adaptations of the ''Mahabharata'', Karna is married to two women—'''Vrushali''' and '''Supriya'''.
==In the ''Mahabharata'' == ▼Karna's wives play insignificant roles in the original epic. In the ''[[Udyoga Parva]]'' of the ''Mahabharata'', Karna—while explaining his commitment towards his foster parents—mentions them.<ref name = "Mc">{{Cite book|last=McGrath|first=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC&q=Kar%E1%B9%87a+wife|title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karṇa in Epic Mahābhārata|date=2004-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13729-5|language=en|page=114}}</ref> ▼{{blockquote|text=When also I attained to youth, I married wives according to his [<nowiki/>[[Adhiratha]]<nowiki/>] selections. Through them have been born my sons and grandsons, O Janardana. My heart also, O Krishna, and all the bonds of affection and love, are fixed on them.|source=Karna, translated by [[Kisari Mohan Ganguli]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section CXLI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05141.htm|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>}} ▼
Istri Karna adalah subjek fantasi, dan berbagai cerita serta cerita rakyat mengisahkan wanita yang berbeda-beda sebagai istri Karna. Dalam banyak kisah adaptasi ''Mahabharata'' masa kini, Karna menikah dengan dua wanita yang diberi nama '''Wrusali''' dan '''Supriya'''. Drama [[Bahasa Tamil|Tamil]] "Karna Moksham" mengisahkan '''Ponnuruvi''' sebagai istrinya. drama daerah ''[[Kashidasi Mahabharata]]'' menyebutnya '''Padmawati''', sedangkan menurut versi [[Wayang|Pewayangan]] [[Jawa]] nama istri Karna adalah '''Surtikanti'''.
In the epic's ''[[Stri Parva]]'', [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], the mother of [[Duryodhana]] (antagonist of the ''Mahabharata''), describes the grief of women after the [[Kurukshetra War]]. The sorrow of a wife of Karna is also described by her.<ref name = "Mc" />
{{blockquote|text=Behold, the wife of Karna and mother of Vrishasena, is indulging in piteous lamentations and crying and weeping and falling upon the ground! Even now she exclaims, "Without doubt, thy preceptor’s curse hath pursued thee! When the wheel of thy car was swallowed up by the Earth, the cruel Dhananjaya cut off thy head with an arrow! Alas, fie (on the heroism and skill)!
▲== InCatatan thedalam ''Mahabharata'' ==
That lady, the mother of Sushena, exceedingly afflicted and uttering cries of woe, is falling down, deprived of her senses, at the sight of the mighty-armed and brave Karna prostrated on the earth, with his waist still encircled with a belt of gold. Carnivorous creatures, feeding on the body of that illustrious hero, have reduced it to very small dimensions. The sight is not gladdening, like that of the moon on the fourteenth night of the dark fortnight. Falling down on the earth, the cheerless dame is rising up again. Burning with grief on account of the death of her son also, she cometh and smelleth the face of her lord!"|source=Gandhari, translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 21|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11020.htm|year = 1883–1896|website=www.sacred-texts.com|author = Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}</ref>}}
▲Istri Karna 's wivesjarang playdisebutkan insignificantdalam rolescerita inaslinya. Meskipun disebutkan, ia muncul sebagai thetokoh originaltanpa epicnama. InDalam thebuku ''[[ Udyoga ParvaUdyogaparwa]]'' ofdikisahkan thesuatu ''Mahabharata''persuasi yang dilakukan oleh [[Kresna]] agar Karna berada di pihak [[Pandawa]], Karna—whiletetapi explainingia hismenolak commitmentkarena towardskesetiannya hiskepada fosterDuryodana, parents—mentionsjuga themterhadap keluarganya. Sambil menjelaskan komitmen terhadap orang tua angkatnya, Karna menyebutkan bahwa ia memiliki istri-istri:<ref name = "Mc">{{Cite book|last=McGrath|first=Kevin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC&q=Kar%E1%B9%87a+wife|title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karṇa in Epic Mahābhārata|date=2004-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13729-5|language=en|page=114}}</ref>
==In derivative literature==
{{cquote|text=
▲{{blockquote|text=When alsoKetika Iaku attainedsudah toakil youthbalig, Iaku marriedmenikahi wivesistri-istri accordingsesuai todengan hispilihannya ([ <nowiki/>[ [AdhirathaAdirata]] <nowiki/>], selectionsayah Karna). ThroughDari them have been bornmereka, mylahirlah sonsputra-putra anddan grandsonscucu-cucuku, Owahai Janardana . My([[Kresna]]). heartOh alsoKresna, Ohatiku Krishna,beserta andseluruh allikatan thekasih bondssayang of affection anddan lovecinta, aretertuju fixedkepada on themmereka.|source=Karna, translateddalam ''The Mahabharata of Krishna Dvaipayana Vyasa'', diterjemahkan byoleh [[Kisari Mohan Ganguli]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Bhagwat Yana Parva: Section CXLI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05141.htm|access-date=2021-01-23|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>}}
The wife of Karna belonging to the ''Suta'' (charioteer) community is attested as Vrushali (also spelt as Vrishali) in the Marathi novels ''Radheya'' (by [[Ranjit Desai]]), and ''Mritunjaya'' (by [[Shivaji Sawant]]).<ref name="PB">{{Cite web|title=The Novel As Epic by Pradip Bhattacharya|url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/5594/the-novel-as-epic|access-date=2021-07-17|website=www.boloji.com}}</ref> The name becomes popular in recent times due to its mentions in many modern adaptations based on Karna's life.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishnan|first=S. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsKlDwAAQBAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya&pg=PA50|title=Karna, the son of Kunti: Stories from the Mahabharatha|date=2017-07-01|publisher=SA Krishnan|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kotru|first1=Umesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBMfCAAAQBAJ&q=vrishali+supriya|title=Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata|last2=Zutshi|first2=Ashutosh|date=2015-03-01|publisher=One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5201-304-3|language=en}}</ref> According to the tale, Vrushali was a good friend of Karna from their childhood. When Karna grew up, Adhiratha chose her as the bride for his son. She is described to be wise and pious. After the death of her sons and husband, she ended her life on her husband's pyre.<ref name = "PB" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sāvanta|first=Śivājī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zewDQgAACAAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya|title=Mrityunjaya, the Death Conqueror: The Story of Karna|date=1989|publisher=Writers Workshop|isbn=978-81-7189-002-6|language=en}}</ref> ▼
Dalam buku ''[[Striparwa]]'', [[Gandari]], ibu dari [[Duryodana]] (tokoh antagonis ''Mahabharata''), menarasikan kesedihan para wanita yang ditinggalkan oleh suami dan putra mereka setelah berakhirnya [[Perang Kurukshetra]]. Kesedihan istri Karna pun diuraikannya:<ref name = "Mc" />{{clear}}
{{cquote|text=
Lihatlah, istri Karna dan ibu [[Wresasena]], sedang larut dalam ratapan memilukan dan menangis tersedu-sedu dan terjatuh ke tanah! Bahkan sekarang dia berseru, "Tak ayal lagi, kutukan gurumu ([[Parasurama]]) telah merenggut nyawamu! Ketika roda keretamu melesak ke tanah, [[Arjuna|Dananjaya]] yang kejam memenggal kepalamu dengan anak panah! Oh sayang, sungguh memuakkan (ketangkasan dan keterampilannya)!" Wanita itu, ibu dari Susena, yang sangat menderita dan menjerit-jerit sedih, terjatuh, kehilangan akal sehatnya, saat melihat Karna yang bertangan perkasa dan gagah berani itu terbujur di tanah, dengan pinggang yang masih dibelit sabuk emas. Hewan pemakan daging yang mengerubuti jenazah pahlawan termasyhur itu, telah mencabik-cabiknya menjadi serpihan kecil. Pemandangannya tidak menyenangkan, seperti penampakan bulan di malam keempat belas setelah dua minggu yang gelap berturut-turut. Usai jatuh ke tanah, wanita yang meratap itu bangkit kembali. Disertai duka karena kematian putranya, dia mendekat dan mencium wajah suaminya!|source=Gandari, dalam ''The Mahabharata of Krishna Dvaipayana Vyasa'', diterjemahkan oleh Kisari Mohan Ganguli<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 21|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11020.htm|year = 1883–1896|website=www.sacred-texts.com|author = Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}</ref>}}
==Dalam karya terinsiprasi ''Mahabharata''==
▲The'''Wrusali''' wife{{Sanskerta|वृशलि|Vruśali|juga ofdieja '''Wrisali'''}} adalah istri Karna belongingyang toberasal thedari kelompok ''Suta'' ( charioteer[[kusir]]) communitysebagaimana isyang attestedtercatat asdalam Vrushalinovel (also spelt as Vrishali) in theber[[bahasa Marathi novels]] ''Radheya'' (bykarya [[Ranjit Desai]] ), anddan ''Mritunjaya'' (bykarya [[Shivaji Sawant]]).<ref name="PB">{{Cite web|title=The Novel As Epic by Pradip Bhattacharya|url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/5594/the-novel-as-epic|access-date=2021-07-17|website=www.boloji.com}}</ref> TheNama nametersebut becomesmenjadi popularpopuler inpada recentmasa timeskini duekarena todisebutkan itsdalam mentionsbanyak inkarya manyadaptasi modern adaptationsyang basedmenceritakan onkehidupan Karna 's life.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishnan|first=S. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsKlDwAAQBAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya&pg=PA50|title=Karna, the son of Kunti: Stories from the Mahabharatha|date=2017-07-01|publisher=SA Krishnan|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kotru|first1=Umesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBMfCAAAQBAJ&q=vrishali+supriya|title=Karna The Unsung Hero of the Mahabharata|last2=Zutshi|first2=Ashutosh|date=2015-03-01|publisher=One Point Six Technology Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5201-304-3|language=en}}</ref> AccordingMenurut tocerita, theWrusali tale,adalah Vrushaliteman wasbaik aKarna goodsejak friendkecil. ofKetika Karna fromcukup theirdewasa, childhood.[[Adirata]] Whenmemilihnya Karnasebagai grewistri up,untuk Adhirathaputranya. choseDia herdigambarkan assebagai thewanita bridebijaksana fordan hissaleh. sonPasangan itu memiliki beberapa anak. SheDari isbeberapa describedanak, tohanya besi wisebungsu andWresaketu pious.yang Afterselamat thedari deathpertempuran ofmengerikan herdi sons[[Kurukshetra]]. andSetelah kematian putra dan husbandsuaminya, shedia endedmengakhiri herhidup lifedengan oncara herikut husband'sdi[[kremasi]] pyrebersama suaminya ([[sati (praktik)|''sati'']]).<ref name = "PB" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sāvanta|first=Śivājī|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zewDQgAACAAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya|title=Mrityunjaya, the Death Conqueror: The Story of Karna|date=1989|publisher=Writers Workshop|isbn=978-81-7189-002-6|language=en}}</ref>
=== Supriya ===
'''Supriya ([[Sanskrit]]: सुप्रिया,''' {{IAST3Sanskerta|Vrushali सुप्रिया|Supriyā}}) isdianggap consideredsebagai asistri kedua Karna's second wife, theyang firstpertama beingadalah VrushaliWrusali. According to scholarMenurut Pradip Bhattacharya, Supriya isadalah a creation ofciptaan [[Shivaji Sawant]] anddan her namenamanya parallelsmirip withdengan [[SubhadraSubadra]], theistri wifedari ofsaingan Karna's rivalyaitu [[Arjuna]].<ref name = "PB" /> InDalam ''Mritunjaya'', Supriya isadalah the maid ofpelayan [[BhanumatiBanowati]] (MahabharataBanumati)|Bhanumati]], princess ofputri [[kerajaan Kalinga (historical region)|KalingaKalingga]]. WhenKetika theRaja KingKalingga of Kalinga organises Bhanumati'smengadakan [[swayamvarasayembara]] untuk memperebutkan Banowati, [[DuryodhanaDuryodana]] abductsmenculik BhanumatiBanowati withdengan the help ofbantuan Karna anddan marries hermenikahinya. DuryodhanaDuryodana getsSupriyamenikahkan pelayan marriedBanowati, yaitu Supriya todengan Karna.<ref name = "PB" />
===Padmavati Padmawati ===
In theDalam ''[[Kashidasi Mahabharat]]'' (the''Mahabharata'' yang diadaptasi ke dalam versi [[Bengalibahasa Language|Bengali]] retelling of the epic), Padmavati'''Padmawati''' is{{Sanskerta|पद्मवती|Padmavatī|[[aksara Bengali|Bengali]]: theপদ্মাবতী}} wifeadalah ofistri Karna. SheDia wasadalah thepelayan maid of princessputri Asawari. They wereMereka rescueddiselamatkan byoleh [[Karna]] fromdari somesejumlah attackerspenyerang. WhenKetika Karna asksmeminta Asawari'srestu father,ayah the kingAsawari, foryaitu hersang hand,raja theuntuk kingmenikahi rejectedputrinya, heria marriagemenerima with Karnapenolakan. LaterKemudian, Karna attackedmenyerang theraja-raja kingsdi at[[sayembara]] Asawari'smemperebutkan ''swaymvara''Asawari. Karna askedbertanya herapakah if she would like toAsawari marrybersedia himmenikahinya. SheAsawari saysberkata thatbahwa shedia willakan domelakukan anythingapa topun saveasalkan herayahnya fatherselamat. Alih-alih Asawari, Karna thenmeminta acceptsagar herpelayan maidAsawari Padmavatiyang asbernama hisPadmawati wifeuntuk insteaddinikahi. PadmavatiPadmawati marriespun himmenikahinya anddan goestinggal todi [[Anga|Kerajaan KingdomAngga]] with himbersamanya.
'''Ponnuruvi''' {{Sanskerta| पोन्नुरुवी|Ponnuruvī|[[aksara Tamil|Tamil]]: பொன்னுருவி}} adalah istri Karna (terkadang digambarkan sebagai istri kedua atau istri pertama Karna), dalam ''Karna Moksham'' dari [[Kattaikkuttu]], sebuah drama [[Tamil]] yang ditulis oleh Pukalentippulavar sekitar 2000 tahun lalu. Dia memainkan peran utama di dalamnya dan digambarkan sebagai seorang putri dari golongan [[kesatria]] (prajurit) yang kemudian menjadi permaisuri utama Karna.{{sfn|McGrath|2004|p=132}} Dalam lakon tersebut, dia adalah putri Raja Kalingga dan kisah pernikahannya mirip dengan narasi ''Mahabharata'' tentang penculikan putri dari Kalingga. Meskipun dalam kisah aslinya sang putri menikahi [[Duryodana]], dalam cerita rakyat ini dia diberi nama Ponnuruvi dan menikah dengan Karna karena Karna-lah yang membawanya kabur selama penculikan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hiltebeitel|first=Alf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lLfHSOWKB-sC&dq=ponnuruvi+kalinga&pg=PA521|title=Reading the Fifth Veda: Studies on the Mahābhārata - Essays by Alf Hiltebeitel|date=2011-07-27|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18566-1|language=en}}</ref>
''Karna Moksham'' menggambarkannya sebagai orang yang kasar terhadap Karna karena Karna tidak berterus terang akan asal-usulnya, dan dia percaya bahwa Karna pasti berasal dari keluarga berkasta rendah. Dia bahkan tidak membiarkan Karna menyentuh putranya. Namun, ketika Karna mengungkapkan asal-usulnya sebelum berangkat menuju medan [[Perang Kurukshetra]], sikapnya berubah drastis dan dia meminta maaf. Dia menasihati Karna untuk tidak membunuh [[Pandawa]] (saudara tiri Karna). Dia juga meminta Karna untuk tidak lagi berada di pihak [[Duryodana]]. Namun Karna menolak karena percaya Duryodana adalah teman sejatinya. Setelah Karna gugur dalam perang, Ponnuruvi meratapi kematiannya. Ponnuruvi juga disebut sebagai inspirasi terciptanya karakter Uruvi dalam novel ''Karna's Wife: The Outcast's Queen'' yang ditulis oleh Kavita Kane, yang lalu diangkat menjadi serial [[Karn Sangini]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karna|url=https://www.kattaikkuttu.org/karna|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Kattaikkuttu|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Surtikanti ===
Menurut versi [[Wayang|pewayangan]] [[Jawa]], istri Karna bernama '''Surtikanti''' ([[aksara Jawa|Jawa]]: {{unicode|ꦱꦸꦂꦠꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ}}), putri [[Salya]], raja [[Kerajaan Madra|kerajaan Mandaraka]]. Dikisahkan bahwa meskipun Karna mengabdi pada Duryodana, tetapi ia berani menculik calon istri pemimpin Korawa tersebut yang bernama Surtikanti putri [[Salya]]. Keduanya memang terlibat hubungan asmara. Orang yang bisa menangkap Karna tidak lain adalah [[Arjuna]]. Pertarungan keduanya kemudian dilerai oleh [[Narada]] dengan menceritakan kisah pembuangan Karna sewaktu bayi dulu. Karna dan Arjuna kemudian bersama-sama menumpas pemberontakan Kalakarna raja [[kerajaan Angga|Awangga]], seorang bawahan Duryodana. Atas jasanya itu, Duryodana merelakan Surtikanti menjadi istri Karna, bahkan Karna pun diangkat sebagai Raja Awangga menggantikan Kalakarna. Dari perkawinan itu lahir dua orang putra bernama [[Wresasena]] dan Warsakusuma. Setelah Karna gugur di medan [[Bharatayuddha]], Surtikanti bunuh diri untuk mengikuti suaminya.
Ponnuruvi is the wife of Karna in the ''Karna Moksham'' of [[Kattaikkuttu]], a Tamil drama written by Pukalentippulavar. She plays a major role in it and is depicted as a princess belonging to [[Kshatriya]] (warrior) community.{{sfn|McGrath|2004|p=132}} In the play, she is the princess of Kalinga and the story of her marriage is based on the ''Mahabharata''<nowiki/>'s narration of the abduction of the Kalinga princess. Though the princess marries Duryodhana in the original epic, in these folklores, she is named Ponnuruvi and is married to Karna because he was the one who touched her during the abduction.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hiltebeitel|first=Alf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lLfHSOWKB-sC&dq=ponnuruvi+kalinga&pg=PA521|title=Reading the Fifth Veda: Studies on the Mahābhārata - Essays by Alf Hiltebeitel|date=2011-07-27|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18566-1|language=en}}</ref> ''Karna Moksham'' depicts her as abusive towards Karna as his lineage is not specified and she believes him to be of the lower caste. She doesn't even let Karna touch his son. However, when Karna discloses his true lineage before going to the Kurukshetra War, her attitude drastically changes and she apologizes. She advises Karna to not kill the [[Pandavas]] (Karna's half-brothers). She also advises him to leave the side of the Duryodhana. However, Karna refuses as believes Duryodhana to be his true friend. After Karna dies in the war, Ponnuruvi laments his death. Ponnuruvi is also said to have inspired the creation of the character Uruvi in the novel Karna's Wife: The Outcast's Queen written by Kavita Kane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karna|url=https://www.kattaikkuttu.org/karna|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Kattaikkuttu|language=en-US}}</ref>
==Referensi==
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{{mahabharata}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh Mahabharata]]
==Catatan kaki==
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