Kapal penjelajah Jerman Prinz Eugen: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kapal penjelajah Jerman ''Prinz Eugen''}}
{{other ships|SMS Prinz Eugen}}
{| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = [[Berkas:USS Prinz Eugen (IX 300) at sea during Operation "Crossroads". ¾ view STBD forward. - NARA - 80-G-627445.tif|300px]]
|Ship image size=300px
| Ship caption = USS ''Prinz Eugen'', sebelum tes bom atom di [[Bikini Atoll]]
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header =
| Ship country = [[Nazi Jerman]]
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
| Ship name = ''Prinz Eugen''
| Ship namesake = [[Eugene dari Savoia|Prince Eugene of Savoy]]
| Ship builder = [[Germaniawerft]]
| Ship laid down = 23 April 1936
| Ship launched = 22 Agustus 1938
| Ship commissioned = 1 Agustus 1940
| Ship honors = Dua kali disebutkan dalam ''[[Wehrmachtbericht]]''
| Ship fate = Diderek ke [[Kwajalein Atoll]] setelah [[Operasi Crossroads|tes bom nuklir]], terbalik pada Desember 1946
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header =
| Header caption = Saat dibangun
| Ship class = {{sclass-|Admiral Hipper|Kapal penjelajah}}
| Ship displacement =* Desain: {{convert|16970|MT|abbr=on}}
* Muat penuh: {{convert|18750|LT|abbr=on}}
| Ship length = {{convert|212,5|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}} (keseluruhan)
| Ship beam = {{convert|21,7|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| Ship draft = Muat penuh: {{convert|7,2|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion =* 3 × [[Turbin uap]] [[Blohm + Voss|Blohm & Voss]]
* 3 × baling-baling berdaun tiga
|Ship power= {{convert|101.131|MW|shp|abbr=on|lk=in|order=flip}}
| Ship speed = {{convert|32|kn|lk=in}}
| Ship range =
| Ship complement = 1400 orang
|Ship crew= *42 opsir
* 1340 anak buah
| Ship armament =* 8 × meriam [[20,3 cm SK C/34 naval gun|{{convert|20,3|cm|in|abbr=on}}]]
* 12 × meriam [[10,5 cm FlaK 38|{{convert|10,5|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/33]]
* 12 × meriam [[3,7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3,7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]]
* 8 × meriam [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] (20 × 1)
* 12 × [[tabung torpedo]] {{convert|53,3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}
| Ship armor =* [[Sabuk]]: {{convert| 70|to|80|mm|abbr=on}}
* [[Geladak]]: {{convert| 20|to|50|mm|abbr=on}}
* [[Turet senjata]]: {{convert|105|mm|abbr=on}}
| Ship aircraft = 3 [[Arado Ar 196]]
| Ship aircraft facilities = 1 [[katapel pesawat terbang]]
| Ship notes =
}}
|}
'''Prinz Eugen''' ({{IPA-de|ˈpʁɪnts ɔʏˈɡeːn}}) adalah sebuah [[kapal penjelajah berat kelas Admiral Hipper]] milik Jerman zaman Perang dunia ke 2. Kapal ini mulai dibangun pada tahun 1936 dan diluncurkan pada tahun 1938.
== Persenjataan ==
Kapal Prinz Eugen dipersenjatai 8 meriam utama kaliber 203 MM, 12 meriam kaliber 105 MM serta berbagai meriam anti pesawat yang lebih kecil serta berbagai macam [[senapan mesin]].
== Masa dinas ==
Pada masa-masa awal Perang Dunia 2 di front Eropa, Prinz Eugen bergabung dalam [[Operasi Rheinuburg]] yang dimaksudkan untuk menerobos masuk ke wilayah Samudra Atlantik dengan komando dari {{ship|kapal tempur Jerman|Bismarck||2}}. Mereka berdua berhasil menghancurkan battlecruiser HMS Hood dan melukai parah kapal tempur HMS Prince of Wales milik Inggris dalam [[Pertempuran Selat Denmark]]. Selama operasi tersebut, Prinz pernah dipisahkan dengan Bismarck untuk menyerang kapal dagang Sekutu. Namun ia gagal karena ada masalah mesin dan membuatnya harus menepi ke Prancis yang telah dikuasai Nazi Jerman untuk diperbaiki.
Pada tanggal 11-13 Februari 1942, Prinz kembali beraksi bersama dua [[kapal tempur kelas Scharnhorst]] dan para pengawalnya dalam Operasi Cerberus, dimana dalam operasi tersebut mereka harus kembali ke Jerman dari wilayah Inggris, dengan menghancurkan blokade armada Inggris menggunakan jalur English Channel. Operasi militer dari Kriegsmarine ini cukup terkenal dalam sejarah perang Eropa karena sulitnya mereka yang harus berkoordinasi saling silang dengan [[Operasi Thunderbolt]] dari AU Nazi Jerman untuk membawa mereka semua pulang ke Jerman dengan sukses. Setelahnya pada bulan yang sama, Prinz langsung dikirim ke Norwegia dimana beberapa hari setelah penempatannya ia justru rusak parah karena torpedo dari kapal selam Inggris HMS Trident dan harus pulang dan tinggal di Jerman sampai Perang Dunia 2 nyaris mencapai tahap akhirnya.
== Nasib ==
Pada akhir perang, kapal ini berfungsi sebagai kapal evakuasi bagi pasukan dan orang-orang sipil Jerman dari wilayah Eropa Timur yang akan segera diduduki Uni Soviet.{{butuh rujukan}} Prinz Eugen merupakan satu-satunya kapal perang Jerman yang selamat dari [[Perang Dunia 2]].
=== Diambil alih Sekutu ===
Saat Jerman Nazi mulai runtuh, Prinz Eugen melarikan diri ke Kopenhagen, Denmark pada April 1945.{{sfn|Schmalenbach|p=143}} Semenjak Nazi runtuh pada Mei 1945, pasukan Inggris menuju Kopenhagen untuk pengambilan hak Prinz Eugen bagi Royal Navy.{{sfn|Williamson|p=42}} Pada 27 Mei 1945, Prinz Eugen yang berisi awak campuran antara Kriegsmarine dan Royal Navy berlayar dari Kopenhagen menuju Wilhelmshaven, lalu sepanjang musim panas 1945 pihak Sekutu melakukan perundingan "bagi-bagi jatah hasil perang".
Dari semua negara Sekutu, hanya Royal Navy dan United States Navy yang mampu menggunakan teknologi elektronik yang ada di Prinz Eugen, maka dari itu pada 13 Desember 1945 Inggris menyerahkan Prinz Eugen ke Amerika Serikat setelah Jerman menyerah.<ref>Bercuson, David J.; Herwig, Holger H. (2003). The Destruction of the Bismarck. New York: The Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-58567-397-1.</ref> Amerika sebenarnya tidak ingin menerima kapal ini, tapi akhirnya mereka terima agar teknologinya tidak jatuh ke tangan Uni Soviet.{{sfn|Delgado|p=44}} Sejak tanggal itu Prinz Eugen resmi menggunakan prefix USS Prinz Eugen (IX-300), dan pada 13 Januari 1946 USS Prinze Eugen meninggalkan Eropa untuk terakhir kalinya, dan sebagian kru saat perlayaran tersebut berasal dari Kriegsmarine.
=== Tes nuklir ===
Amerika pun kemudian menyertakan Prinz dalam tes nuklir bernama [[Operasi Crossroads]] di [[Atol Bikini]]. Setelah dinyatakan bertahan hidup dari ledakan nuklir tersebut, ia bermaksud untuk ditarik sampai ke Kwajalein Atoll namun kemudian badannya mulai miring dan akhirnya tenggelam disitu pada Desember 1946. Sampai sekarang, semua orang masih dapat melihat jasadnya dengan agak jelas dari permukaan laut di posisi dua mil ke barat laut dari Bandara Bucholz Army. Salah satu sekrup baling-balingnya diambil dan disimpan juga untuk dipajang di Laboe Naval Memorial di Jerman.{{sfn|Gröner|p=67}} Bel loncengnya juga diambil dan dipajang di [[Museum Nasional Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]].{{sfn|Koop & Schmolke|p=160}}
[[Berkas:German cruiser Prinz Eugen off Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1946.jpg|pus|jmpl|282x282px|kapal penjelajah berat Prinz Eugen.]]
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}
== Referensi ==
* {{cite book
| last1 = Bercuson
| first1 = David J.
| last2 = Herwig
| first2 = Holger H.
| year = 2003
| title = The Destruction of the Bismarck
| publisher = The Overlook Press
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-58567-397-1
| ref = {{sfnRef|Bercuson & Herwig}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Black
| first = A. O.
| date=November 1948
| title = Effect of Core Material on Magnetic Amplifier Design
| journal = Proceedings of the National Electronics Conference
| publisher =
| volume = 4
| issue =
| pages = 427–435
| ref = {{sfnRef|Black}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Busch
| first1 = Fritz-Otto
| year = 1975
| title = Prinz Eugen
| url = https://archive.org/details/storyofprinzeuge0000busc
| publisher = First Futura Publications
| location = London
| isbn = 0-8600-72339
| ref = {{sfnRef|Busch}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Delgado
| first = James P.
| title = Ghost fleet: the sunken ships of Bikini Atoll
| url = https://archive.org/details/ghostfleet00jame
| year = 1996
| publisher = University of Hawaii Press
| location = Honolulu
| isbn = 978-0-8248-1864-7
| ref = {{sfnRef|Delgado}}
}}
* {{Cite book
| last = Dörr
| first = Manfred
| year = 1996
| title = Die Ritterkreuzträger der Überwasserstreitkräfte der Kriegsmarine—Band 2: L–Z
|trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the Navy—Volume 2: L–Z
| language = German
| location = Osnabrück
| publisher = Biblio Verlag
| isbn = 978-3-7648-2497-6
| ref = {{sfnRef|Dörr}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Friedman
| first = Norman
| year = 1994
| title = U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-1-55750-260-5
| ref = {{sfnRef|Friedman}}
}}
* {{cite book
| editor1-last = Gardiner
| editor1-first = Robert
| editor2-last = Chesneau
| editor2-first = Roger
| year = 1980
| title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922–1946
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-0-87021-913-9
| oclc = 18121784
| ref = {{sfnRef|Gardiner & Chesneau}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Garzke
| first1 = William H.
| last2 = Dulin
| first2 = Robert O.
| year = 1985
| title = Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II
| url = https://archive.org/details/battleshipsaxisn0000garz
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-0-87021-101-0
| oclc =
| ref = {{sfnRef|Garzke & Dulin}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Geyger
| first = William A.
| year = 1957
| origyear = 1954
| title = Magnetic-Amplifier Circuits
| url = https://archive.org/details/magneticamplifie0000geyg
| edition = 2nd
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Book Company
| location = New York
| id = Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 56-12532
| page = [https://archive.org/details/magneticamplifie0000geyg/page/11 11]
| chapter = Historical Development of Magnetic-amplifier Circuits
| quote = One reason for the increased interest in magnetic amplifiers in this country was the successful German development work for various military applications, especially for naval fire-control systems, as used on the German heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen."
|ref = {{sfnRef|Geyger}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Gröner
| first = Erich
| year = 1990
| title = German Warships: 1815–1945
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-0-87021-790-6
| ref = {{sfnRef|Gröner}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Hooton
| first = E. R.
| year = 1997
| title = Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe
| url = https://archive.org/details/eagleinflamesfal0000hoot
| publisher = Brockhampton
| location = London
| isbn = 978-1-86019-995-0
| ref = {{sfnRef|Hooton}}
}}
* {{Cite book
| last1 = Koop
| first1 = Gerhard
| last2 = Schmolke
| first2 = Klaus-Peter
| title = Die Schweren Kreuzer der Admiral Hipper-Klasse
|trans-title=The Heavy Cruisers of the Admiral Hipper Class
| location = Bonn
| publisher = Bernard & Graefe Verlag
| language = German
| year = 1992
| isbn = 978-3-7637-5896-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Koop & Schmolke}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Lenihan
| first = Daniel
| year = 2003
| title = Submerged: Adventures of America's Most Elite Underwater Archeology Team
| publisher = Newmarket
| location = New York
| isbn = 978-1-55704-589-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Lenihan}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = von Müllenheim-Rechberg
| first = Burkhard
| year = 1980
| title = Battleship Bismarck, A Survivor's Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/battleshipbismar0000mull
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-0-87021-096-9
| ref = {{sfnRef|von Müllenheim-Rechberg}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| editor-last = Roberts
| editor-first = John
| title = Warship Pictorial: Prinz Eugen
| journal = Warship
| volume = III
| year = 1979
| pages = 59–65
| publisher = Conway Press
| location = London
| ref = {{sfnRef|Roberts}}
| isbn = 978-0-85177-204-2
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Rohwer
| first = Jürgen
| authorlink = Jürgen Rohwer
| year = 2005
| title = Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
| url = https://archive.org/details/chronologyofwara0000rohw_v7p9
| publisher = US Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-1-59114-119-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Rohwer}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Schmalenbach
| first = Paul
| year = 1971
| title = Warship Profile 6
| chapter = KM Prinz Eugen
| pages = 121–144
| publisher = Profile Publications
| location = Windsor
| oclc = 10095330
| ref = {{sfnRef|Schmalenbach}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Slavick
| first = Joseph P.
| title = The Cruise of the German Raider Atlantis
| year = 2003
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-1-55750-537-8
| ref = {{sfnRef|Slavick}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Weal
| first = John
| year = 1996
| title = Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front
| publisher = Osprey Books
| location = Oxford
| isbn = 978-1-85532-595-1
| ref = {{sfnRef|Weal}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Williamson
| first = Gordon
| year = 2003
| title = German Heavy Cruisers 1939–1945
| publisher = Osprey Publishing
| location = Oxford
| isbn = 978-1-84176-502-0
| ref = {{sfnRef|Williamson}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Zetterling
| first1 = Niklas
| last2 = Tamelander
| first2 = Michael
| year = 2009
| title = Bismarck: The Final Days of Germany's Greatest Battleship
| url = https://archive.org/details/bismarckfinalday0000zett
| publisher = Casemate
| location = Drexel Hill
| isbn = 978-1-935149-04-0
| ref = {{sfnRef|Zetterling & Tamelander}}
}}
* {{Cite book
| year = 1985
| title = Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 3, 1. Januar 1944 bis 9. Mai 1945
|trans-title=The Wehrmacht Reports 1939–1945 Volume 3, 1 January 1944 to 9 May 1945
| language = German
| location = München, Germany
| publisher = Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG
| isbn = 978-3-423-05944-2
| ref = {{sfnRef|Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 3}}
}}
{{Kapal penjelajah kelas Admiral Hipper}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prinz Eugen}}
[[Kategori:Kapal perang Jerman]]
[[Kategori:Kapal tahun 1938]]
[[Kategori:Insiden maritim tahun 1946]]
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