Cemal Azmi: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''Cemal Azmi''' (1868 – 17 April 1922), juga dieja '''Jemal Azmi''', adalah seorang politikus [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah|Utsmaniyah]] dan gubernur [[Vilayet Trabzon|Vilayet Trebizond]] (sekarang Trabzon) selama [[Perang Dunia I]] dan tahun-tahun terakhir Kesultanan Utsmaniyah.<ref name=bartov>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnpPf_AxWEgC&q=In+God%27s+name+%3A+genocide+and+religion+in+the+twentieth+century|last1=Bartov|first1=Omer|last2=Mack|first2=Phyllis|title=In God's Name: Genocide and religion in the twentieth century|year=2001|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781571812148}}</ref> Dia adalah salah satu pelaku [[genosida Armenia]] dan terutama bertanggung jawab atas likuidasi [[Orang Armenia|orang-orang Armenia]] di Vilayet Trebizond.<ref name=Kevorkian>{{cite book|last=Kévorkian|first=Raymond H.|title=The Armenian Genocide: A complete history|year=2010|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=London|isbn=9781848855618|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JY4RifQksFMC|quote=Azmi was to be one of the main architects of the liquidation of his vilayet's Armenian population.}}</ref> Ia dikenal sebagai "tukang jagal Trebizond".<ref>{{cite book|first=Huberta|last=von Voss|title=Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the contemporary world|year=2007|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=9781845452575|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3vbswx_1TEC&pg=PA296|edition=1st English|access-date=15 February 2013|page=296|quote=Avengers Arshavir Shirakian (1900-73) and Aram Yerkanian (1898-1934) executed Cemal Azmi, who, as the former governor general of Trebzon was the "butcher" of the province.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Derogy|first=Jacques|title=Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian assassination of Turkish leaders responsible for the 1915 massacres and deportations|year=1990|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412833165|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpL9QKCJ2L8C|access-date=15 February 2013|page=74|quote=Oriental carpet shop that was opened in the town center by the butcher of Trebizond, Jemal Azmi.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Armenian Review|year=1990|volume=42|page=44|title=Jemal Azmi known as "the Butcher of Trabzon," was assassinated on 14 April 1922.}}</ref><ref name=saygi1>{{cite web|title=Suçluya Saygi: Mehmet Cemal Azmi Bey|url=http://www.aga-online.org/worship/cemal-azmi.php?locale=tr|publisher=Soykirima Karsi Uluslarasi Analyis Dernegi|language=Turkish|quote=Ermeni çocuklarına uyguladığı vahşet nedeniyle "Trabzon Celladı" diye de anılmaktadır. [Translation from Turkish: Due to the violence he performed against Armenian children, he became known as the "butcher of Trabzon".]}}</ref><ref name=Gerard>{{cite book|first=Gérard|last=Chaliand|title=The History of Terrorism from Antiquity to al Qaeda|year=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.]|isbn=9780520247093|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmpfgNqmVXYC|edition=[Nachdr.]|page=195|quote=One of the organizers of the genocide, and Jemal Azmi, "the butcher of Trebizond."}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Suny|first1=Ronald Grigor|title="They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide|date=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1400865581|page=334|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zBtBgAAQBAJ}}</ref>

Cemal Azmi lahir di [[Arapgir]], Kesultanan Utsmaniyah, pada tahun 1868.<ref name=saygi>{{cite web|title=Suçluya saygi: Mehmet Cemal Azmi Bey|url=http://www.aga-online.org/worship/cemal-azmi.php?locale=tr|publisher=Soykirima Karsi Uluslarasi Analyis Dernegi|access-date=14 February 2013|language=Turkish}}</ref><ref name=Kimdir>{{cite web|title=Cemal Azmi Bey Kimdir?|url=http://mebk12.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/61/04/404685/icerikler/cemal-azmi-bey-kimdir_58820.html|publisher=Cemal Azmi Bey İlköğretim Okulu|access-date=14 February 2013|language=Turkish}}</ref> Ayahnya, Osman Nuri Bey, adalah seorang agen kepemilikan dan nama ibunya adalah Gülsüm. Pada tahun 1891 dia belajar di ''Mulkiye Mektep''.<ref name=Kimdir />

Sebagai bagian dari [[Operasi Nemesis]] atas perannya dalam Genosida Armenia,<ref name=Gerard /><ref name=NYTIMES>{{cite news|title=Two 'Young Turks' Murdered in Berlin|url=http://www.operationnemesis.com/pdf/99013063.pdf|access-date=25 May 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 19, 1922}}</ref> [[Aram Yerganian]] dan [[Arshavir Shirakian]] kemudian diberi tugas untuk membunuh Azmi dan [[Bahaeddin Şakir|Bahattin Şakir]] yang berada di [[Berlin]]. Pada tanggal 17 April 1922, Shirakian dan Yerganian bertemu Azmi dan Şakir yang sedang berjalan bersama keluarga mereka di {{lang|de|Uhlandstrasse}}.<ref name=NYTIMES/> Shirakian hanya berhasil membunuh Azmi dan melukai Şakir. Yerganian segera berlari mengejar Şakir dan membunuhnya dengan tembakan di kepala.<ref name=Asbarez>{{cite news|last=Berberyan|first=Nazaret|script-title=hy:ՏԱՐԵԴԱՐՁՆԵՐ- Արշաւիր Շիրակեան Հայ ժողովուրդի Արդարահատոյց Բազուկը|url=http://asbarez.com/arm/76011/|access-date=25 May 2013|newspaper=Asbarez|date=April 13, 2010|language=Armenian}}</ref>