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{{Infobox Officeholder
|name = Henry Kissinger
|image = Henry A. Kissinger, U.S. Secretary of State, 1973-1977.jpg
|caption = Potret resmi, {{circa}} 1973
|order = [[ke-56
| office = Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]] ke-56
|term_start = 22 September 1973
|term_end = 20 Januari 1977
Baris 10 ⟶ 11:
|predecessor = [[William P. Rogers]]
|successor = [[Cyrus Vance]]
|order2order1 = [[Penasihat Keamanan Nasional AS]] ke-87
Dari|office1 1969 ia adalah = Penasihat Keamanan Nasional USA.AS▼
|term_start2 = 2 Desember 1968▼
|term_start1 = 20 Januari 1969
|term_end2term_end1 = 3 November 1975
|president2president1 = [[Richard Nixon]]<br /> [[Gerald Ford]]
|predecessor2 = [[Walt Rostow]]▼
|deputy1 = {{ubl|[[Richard V. Allen|Richard Allen]]|[[Alexander Haig]]|Brent Scowcroft}}
|successor2 = [[Brent Scowcroft]]▼
▲|predecessor2predecessor1 = [[Walt Rostow]]
|death_date = 29 November 2023▼
▲|successor2successor1 = [[Brent Scowcroft]]
|order2 = ke-22
|office2 = Rektor College of William&nbsp;&&nbsp;Mary
|president2 = {{ubl|[[Timothy J. Sullivan]]|[[Gene Nichol]]}}
▲|term_start2 = 21 DesemberJuli 19682000
|term_end2 = 1 Oktober 2005
|predecessor2 = [[Margaret Thatcher]]
|successor2 = [[Sandra Day O'Connor]]
|office3 = Ketua [[Komisi 9/11]]
|president3 = [[George W. Bush]]
|deputy3 = {{ubl|[[George J. Mitchell]]|[[Lee H. Hamilton]]}}
▲|death_date term_start3 = 2927 November 20232002
|term_end3 = 14 Desember 2002
|predecessor3 = ''Posisi ditetapkan''
|successor3 = [[Thomas Kean]]
|birth_name = Heinz Alfred Kissinger
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1923|5|27}}
|birth_place = [[Fürth]], [[BayernRepublik Weimar]], [[(sekarang Jerman]])
|death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|2023|11|29|1923|5|27}}
|death_place = [[Kent, Connecticut]], A.S.
|citizenship = {{ubl|Jerman (hingga [[Hukum Nürnberg|1935]])|Amerika Serikat (sejak 1943)}}
|party = [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Republik]]
|spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Ann Fleisher Fleischer|1949-|1964<br />|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|[[Nancy Kissinger|Nancy Maginnes]] |1974-''sekarang''}}}}
|footnoteschildren = 2▼
|alma_mater = [[City College of New York]]<br />[[Universitas Harvard]]
|education = {{ubl|[[City College of New York]]|[[Universitas Harvard]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}}
|profession = [[Diplomat]]<br />[[Akademisi]]
|occupation = {{hlist|Diplomat|politisi|ilmuwan politik}}
|signature = Henry Kissinger Signature 2.svg
|branch = [[Berkas:Emblem of the United States Department of the Army.svg|23px]] [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]]▼
|allegiance = <!-- Amerika Serikat; sudah jelas -->
▲|branch = [[Berkas:Emblem of the United States Department of the Army.svg|23px]] [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]]
|serviceyears = 1943–1946
|rank = [[Sersan]]
| battles = {{Tree list}}
|unit = 970th Counter Intelligence Corps
* [[Perang Dunia II]]
▲|footnotes =
** [[Pertempuran Bulge]]{{tree list/end}}
| unit = {{ubl|[[Divisi ke-84 (Amerika Serikat)|Divisi Infanteri ke-84]]<ref name=alter>{{cite web | title = The Coronavirus Pandemic Will Forever Alter the World Order | first = Henry A. | last = Kissinger | work = [[The Wall Street Journal]] | date = 3 April 2020 | access-date = 30 November 2023 | url = https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/the-coronavirus-pandemic-will-forever-alter-the-world-order-11585953005 | archive-date = 18 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418082123/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/the-coronavirus-pandemic-will-forever-alter-the-world-order-11585953005 | url-status = live }}</ref>|Detasemen Korps Intelijen Kontra Teror ke-970<ref name="Kalb Kissinger">{{cite book |last1=Kalb |first1=Marvin |last2=Kalb |first2=Bernard |title=Kissinger |url=https://archive.org/details/kissinger000kalb |date=1974 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=9780091223007 |page=[https://archive.org/details/kissinger000kalb/page/40 40]}}</ref>}}
| mawards = [[Medali Bintang Perunggu|Bintang Perunggu]]
}}
 
'''Henry Alfred Kissinger''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɪ|s|ᵻ|n|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|KISS|in|jər}};<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kissinger |title=Kissinger – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]] |access-date=October 23, 2009 |archive-date=February 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219091113/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kissinger |url-status=live }}</ref> bornlahir dengan nama '''Heinz Alfred Kissinger''', {{IPA-de|haɪnts ˈʔalfʁeːt ˈkɪsɪŋɐ|lang}}; {{lahirmati||27|5|1923||29|11|2023}}) adalah seorang diplomat, akademisi[[Ilmu politik|ilmuwan politik]], konsultan [[geopolitik]], dan politikuspolitisi Amerika Serikat yang menjabat sebagai [[Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat|menteri luar negeri Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Penasihat Keamanan Nasional AS|penasihat keamanan nasional]] dibawahdi kepresidenanbawah pemerintahan [[Richard Nixon]] dan [[Gerald Ford]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/kissinger/biographical/|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1973|website=NobelPrize.org|access-date=February 4, Februari 2019|archive-date=October26 26,Oktober 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026120756/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/kissinger/biographical/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kissinger menerima [[Nobel Perdamaian]] pada tahun 1973, dalam keadaan kontroversial.<ref name="Feldman16">{{cite book|last=Feldman|first=Burton|url=https://archive.org/details/nobelprizehistor00feld/page/16|title=The Nobel Prize: A History Of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige|publisher=[[Arcade Publishing]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1-55970-537-0|pages=16|quote=Two members publicly resigned when the peace prize was awarded to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho in 1973 for a cease-fire in the Vietnam War.}}</ref>
 
Kissinger adalah seorang [[Pengusiran dan eksodus orang Yahudi|pengungsi Yahudi]] yang melarikan diri dari [[Jerman Nazi]] bersama keluarganya pada tahun 1938. Di Amerika Serikat, ia berprestasi secara akademis dan lulus dengan predikat ''[[summa cum laude]]'' dari [[Universitas Harvard|Harvard College]] pada tahun 1950, di mana ia belajar di bawah bimbingan [[William Yandell Elliott]]. Dia meraih gelar [[Master of Arts]] dan [[Doktor Filsafat]] di [[Universitas Harvard]] pada tahun 1951 dan 1954.
Setelah naiknya [[Nazi]] ke puncak kekuasaan dan menjalankan kebijakan [[anti-Semitisme]], ia beserta keluarganya lari ke [[Amerika Serikat]] pada [[1938]].
 
Kissinger memainkan peran penting dalam [[kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat]] antara tahun 1969 dan 1977, memelopori kebijakan [[Détente]] dengan [[Uni Soviet]], mengatur pembukaan [[Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Tiongkok|hubungan]] dengan [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]], terlibat dalam apa yang dikenal sebagai [[Diplomasi ulang alik|diplomasi antar-jemput]] di [[Timur Tengah]] untuk mengakhiri [[Perang Yom Kippur]], dan merundingkan [[Perjanjian damai Paris|Perjanjian Damai Paris]], yang mengakhiri [[Amerika Serikat dalam Perang Vietnam|keterlibatan Amerika Serikat]] dalam [[Perang Vietnam]]. Setelah meninggalkan pemerintahan, ia membentuk [[Kissinger Associates]], sebuah [[Firma konsultasi|perusahaan konsultan]] geopolitik internasional. Kissinger menulis lebih dari selusin buku tentang [[sejarah diplomatik]] dan [[hubungan internasional]].
Henry Kissinger belajar ilmu politik dan pada 1954 mendapat gelar doktor dari [[Harvard University]] dan pada 1962 guru besar tata negara.
 
Warisan Kissinger adalah subjek terpolarisasi dalam politik Amerika. Dia secara luas dianggap oleh para ahli sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri yang efektif<ref name="trip3">{{cite web |title=TRIP Snap Poll III: Seven Questions on Current Global Issues for International Relations Scholars |url=https://trip.wm.edu/research/snap-polls/snap-poll-3/Snap_Poll_3_topline.pdf |page=9 |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130060633/https://trip.wm.edu/research/snap-polls/snap-poll-3/Snap_Poll_3_topline.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> dan dikecam karena menutup mata terhadap [[kejahatan perang]] yang dilakukan oleh sekutu-sekutu Amerika karena dukungannya atas pendekatan pragmatis terhadap politik yang disebut ''[[Realpolitik]]''.<ref name="Realpolitik">{{cite news |date=24 Maret 2013 |title=Henry Kissinger: Realpolitik and Kurdish Genocide |work=The Kurdistan Tribune |url=https://kurdistantribune.com/henry-kissinger-realpolitik-genocide/ |url-status=live |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118182158/https://kurdistantribune.com/henry-kissinger-realpolitik-genocide/ |archive-date=18 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ackerman |first=Spencer |date=30 November 2023 |title=Henry Kissinger, War Criminal Beloved by America's Ruling Class, Finally Dies |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/henry-kissinger-war-criminal-dead-1234804748/ |access-date=30 November 2023 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130044348/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/henry-kissinger-war-criminal-dead-1234804748/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Times of Israel">{{cite web |title=Protesters Heckle Kissinger, Denounce Him for 'War Crimes' |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/protesters-heckle-kissinger-denounce-him-for-war-crimes/ |date= 30 Januari 2015 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-date=22 Desember 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080350/http://www.timesofisrael.com/protesters-heckle-kissinger-denounce-him-for-war-crimes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/13/hillary-clinton-henry-kissinger-harms-her-campaign |title=Does Hillary Clinton see that invoking Henry Kissinger harms her campaign? |last=Nevius |first=James |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 Februari 2016 |access-date=30 November 2023 |quote=many consider Kissinger a war criminal, most famously Christopher Hitchens, who, in a lengthy two-part article for Harper's in 2001 (later expanded into the book and documentary, The Trial of Henry Kissinger), laid out his case that Kissinger should be brought up on charges 'for war crimes, for crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to commit murder, kidnap, and torture'. |archive-date=30 Januari 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130073825/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/13/hillary-clinton-henry-kissinger-harms-her-campaign |url-status=live }}</ref> Atas tindakannya menegosiasikan gencatan senjata di Vietnam, Kissinger menerima [[Nobel Perdamaian]] pada tahun 1973, dalam keadaan kontroversial.<ref name="Feldman16">{{cite book|last=Feldman|first=Burton|url=https://archive.org/details/nobelprizehistor00feld/page/16|title=The Nobel Prize: A History Of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige|publisher=[[Arcade Publishing]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1-55970-537-0|pages=16|quote=Two members publicly resigned when the peace prize was awarded to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho in 1973 for a cease-fire in the Vietnam War.}}</ref>
▲Dari 1969 ia adalah Penasihat Keamanan Nasional USA.
 
Menerima [[Penghargaan Perdamaian Nobel]] pada [[1973]] bersama dengan [[Le Duc Tho]], tetapi [[Le Duc Tho]] menolak.
 
Dari Agustus [[1973]] sampai [[1977]] ia adalah MenLu AS di bawah presiden [[Richard Nixon]] dan diteruskan pada masa [[Gerald Ford]].
 
== Referensi ==
;Khusus
{{Reflist}}
 
;Umum
* Holger Klitzing: ''The Nemesis of Stability. Henry A. Kissinger’s Ambivalent Relationship with Germany.'' WVT, Trier 2007, ISBN 978-3-88476-942-3.
* Robert D. Schulzinger: ''Henry Kissinger. Doctor of diplomacy.'' Columbia Univ. Pr., New York 1989, ISBN 0-231-06952-9.
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|auto=yes}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{C-SPAN}}
 
{{kotak mulai}}
{{kotak suksesi |pendahulu=[[Walt Rostow]] |jabatan=[[Penasehat Keamanan Nasional AS]] |tahun=1969-19741975 |pengganti=[[Brent Scowcroft]]}}
{{kotak suksesi |pendahulu=[[William P. Rogers]] |jabatan=[[Sekretaris Negara AS]] |tahun=1973-1977 |pengganti=[[Cyrus Vance]]}}
|-
{{kotak selesai}}
{{wikiquotes-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Margaret Thatcher]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Rektor College of William & Mary]]|years=2000–2005}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sandra Day O'Connor]]}}
{{s-end}}
 
{{Authority control}}
Baris 60 ⟶ 93:
[[Kategori:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian]]
[[Kategori:Yahudi-Amerika]]
[[Kategori:PersonTokoh ofTahun the YearIni]]
[[Kategori:Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Politikus Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Henry_Alfred_Kissinger"