Joseon: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{See also|Joseon (disambiguasi)}}
{{Infobox Former Country▼
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Joseon Agung<br
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<hr />고려국<br />{{small|{{nobold|(1392–1393)}}<br />{{lang|ko-Hant-KR|高麗國}}}}<hr />조선국<br />{{small|{{nobold|(1393–1894)}}<br />{{lang|ko-Hant-KR|朝鮮國}}}}<hr />대조선국<br />{{small|{{nobold|(1894–1897)}}<br />{{lang|ko-Hant-KR|大朝鮮國}}}}
| continent = Asia▼
| status = [[Sistem upeti Tiongkok|Hubungan pembayar upeti]] dengan [[dinasti Ming|Ming]] dan [[dinasti Qing|Qing]]<br />{{small|(1401–1895)}}<sup>a</sup>{{sfn|Lin|2014|pp=69–71}}{{sfn|Kim|2012|p=293}}<ref>"[[Japan–South Korea Joint History Research Project]]" https://www.jkcf.or.jp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/3-03j.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508063152/https://www.jkcf.or.jp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/3-03j.pdf |date=8 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>"The Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security(외교안보연구소)" Was Korea Ever a Part of China?: A Historical Review - https://www.ifans.go.kr/knda/com/fileupload/FileDownloadView.do?storgeId=c61b04e5-0182-4c75-ad21-828ecacfb855&uploadId=346596669843959&fileSn=1</ref><br/>Intervensi [[Kekaisaran Jepang|Jepang]]. <br/>{{small|(1894–1896)}}
| region = Korea▼
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| government_type = [[Monarki absolut]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWNNWVwaUpMC&q=joseon+dynasty+absolute+monarchy&pg=PA16 |title=Interior Space and Furniture of Joseon Upper-class Houses |first=Sang-hun |last=Choi |year=2017 |publisher=Ewha Womans University Press |via=Google Books |page=16 |isbn=978-8973007202 |quote=Joseon was an absolute monarchy |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407111606/https://books.google.com/books?id=vWNNWVwaUpMC&q=joseon+dynasty+absolute+monarchy&pg=PA16 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| era = Kerajaan▼
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| date_event3 = 1592–1598
| event4 = Invasi Manchu [[Invasi Jin Akhir ke Joseon|pertama]] dan [[Invasi Qing ke Joseon|kedua]]
| date_event2 = 1592 - 1598▼
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| event_end = [[Kekaisaran Korea|Proklamasi Kekaisaran Korea]]
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symbol2 = --><div style="padding:3px 0;">[[File:Seal of Korea (1884–1897).svg|80px]]</div><!--
| latd = 37▼
| other_symbol = '''[[Segel (Asia Timur)#Otoritas pemerintah|Segel Kerajaan]]'''<br />[[File:Joseon wang bo (Royal Seal Treasure of the Joseon King).svg|85px]]
| latNS = N▼
| image_map_caption = Wilayah Joseon setelah penaklukan Jurchen oleh Raja [[Sejong dari Joseon]] pada tahun 1433 (dengan perbatasan saat ini)
| longd = 126▼
| capital = '''Utama:'''<br />[[Sejarah Seoul#periode Joseon|Hanseong]]<br /> (sekarang [[Seoul]]) {{small|(1394–1399/1405–1897)}}<br />'''Sementara:'''<br />[[Kaesong|Gaegyeong]]<br />{{small|(1392–1394/1399–1405)}}
| longm = 59▼
| official_languages = [[bahasa Korea Pertengahan|Korea Pertengahan]],<br />[[bahasa Korea|Korea Modern Awal]],<br />[[Bahasa Tionghoa Klasik|Tionghoa Klasik]]<ref name="Met" /><ref name="Lee" />{{rp|243, 329}}<ref name="Orchiston-Green-Strom" />{{rp|74}} <small>(literatur Tiongkok atau ''[[Adaptasi budaya literatur Tiongkok#Korea|Hanmun]]'' di Korea)</small>
| longEW = E|▼
| religion = {{nowrap|[[Konfusianisme Korea|Konfusianisme]]<br />{{small|([[agama negara]])}}}},<br />[[Buddhisme di Korea|Buddhisme]],<br />[[Shamanisme Korea|Shamanisme]],<br />[[Taoisme di Korea|Taoism]],<br />[[Kekristenan di Korea|Kekristenan]]<br />{{small|(diakui pada 1886)}}
| currency = [[Mun Korea|Mun]]<br />{{small|(1423–1425, 1625–1892)}}<br />[[Yang Korea|Yang]]<br />{{small|(1892–1897)}}
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| leader1 = [[Taejo dari Joseon|Taejo]] (pertama)
| year_leader1
| leader2 = [[Gojong dari Korea|Gojong]] (terakhir)
| year_leader2
| title_deputy = [[Yeonguijeong|Kepala Penasihat Negara]]{{NoteTag|Style: ''Yeonguijeong'' (1401–1894); ''Naegak chongri daesin'' (1894–96); ''Uijeong'' (1896–1905)|name=Yeonguijeong}}
| year_deputy1
| deputy2 =
| year_deputy2
| legislature = ''Tidak ada'' ([[pemerintahan melalui dekret]]) {{small|(hingga 1894)}}<br/>{{interlanguage link|Jungchuwon|ko|대한제국 중추원|lt=Jungchuwon}} {{small|(sejak 1894)}}
| stat_year1 = 1519<ref name="한국경제통사">{{cite book |author=Sung-Ho Kang |title=Reorienting Reorient: East Asia and 15th–19th Century Joseon |year=2014}}</ref>
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| stat_year2 = 1648<ref name="The Standard of Living in the Chosoˇn Dynasty Korea in the 17th to the 19th Centuries"/>
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| stat_year3 = 1717<ref name="The Standard of Living in the Chosoˇn Dynasty Korea in the 17th to the 19th Centuries"/>
▲| demonym =
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| stat_year4 = 1777<ref name="The Standard of Living in the Chosoˇn Dynasty Korea in the 17th to the 19th Centuries">{{cite book |author=Ki-joo Park and Donghyu Yang |title=The Standard of Living in the Chosoˇn Dynasty Korea in the 17th to the 19th Centuries |year=2007}}</ref>
| stat_year5 = 1807<ref name="The Standard of Living in the Chosoˇn Dynasty Korea in the 17th to the 19th Centuries"/>
| today = {{flag|Korea Utara}}<br />{{flag|Korea Selatan}}<br />{{flag|Rusia}} ([[Nokdundo]])<ref>{{Cite journal |script-journal=ko:대한지리학회 2004년 춘계학술대회논문집 |trans-journal=Proceedings of the 2004 Conference of the Korean Geographical Society |language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:두만강 하구 녹둔도의 위치 비정(批正)에 관한 연구 |trans-title=Geographical Study on the Location of Nokdun-do in lower Tuman river |author=이옥희 [Yi Ok-hui] |author2=최한성 [Choe Han-seong] |author3=안재섭 [An Jae-seop] |url=http://www.dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=557538 |year=2004 |access-date=2010-06-10 |archive-date=29 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929154124/http://www.dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=557538 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| image_map = Korea (orthographic projection).svg
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year
| HDI =
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| footnote_a = Sistem diplomasi di Asia Timur bersifat hierarkis dan tidak memiliki kesetaraan.<ref>{{citation |last1=Kang |first1=david |title=International Order in Historical East Asia: Tribute and Hierarchy Beyond Sinocentrism and Eurocentrism |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/international-order-in-historical-east-asia-tribute-and-hierarchy-beyond-sinocentrism-and-eurocentrism/EE0208E015FFB0F8D433972B17FF26DC}}</ref> [[Ming]] dan [[Qing]] memandang semua hubungan diplomatiknya sebagai hubungan kaisar-bawahan.<ref>{{citation |last1=Zhang |first1=Xiaomin |title=The Late Qing Dynasty Diplomatic Transformation: Analysis from an Ideational Perspective |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford Academic |url=https://academic.oup.com/cjip/article-abstract/1/3/405/301727}}</ref> Meskipun menjadi pengikut [[Putra Langit]], Joseon Korea menikmati tingkat kemandirian dan kedaulatan yang tinggi dalam urusan dalam dan luar negeri.<ref name="Em"/> Namun, Dinasti Qing terlibat langsung dalam urusan Joseon dari [[Insiden Imo]] tahun 1882 hingga [[Traktat Shimonoseki]] tahun 1895.{{sfn|Lin|2014|pp=69–71}}
| today = ▼
}}
| hangul = {{linktext|조선}}
| hanja = {{linktext|朝鮮}}
| koreanipa = {{IPA-ko|tɕosʌn|}}
| othername1 = [[bahasa baku Korea Utara|nama Korea Utara]]
|context1=north
| hangul1 = {{linktext|조선봉건왕조}}<ref>{{cite web |title=조선력사 시대구분표 |website=[[Naenara]] |language=ko |url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/ko/history/period.php |access-date=1 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701053405/http://www.naenara.com.kp/ko/history/period.php |archive-date=1 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/history/period.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701053644/http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/history/period.php |archive-date=1 July 2019 |title=Korean History in Chronological Order |website=[[Naenara]] |access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref>
| hanja1 = {{linktext|朝鮮封建王朝}}
| rr1 = Joseon Bonggeon Wangjo
| mr1 = Chosŏn Ponggŏn Wangjo
| othername2 = Official name
| hangul2 = {{linktext|대|조선|국}}
| hanja2 = {{linktext|大|朝鮮|國}}
| rr2 = Daejoseon(-)guk
| koreanipa2 = {{IPA-ko|tɛdɕosʌnɡuk̚}}
}}
{{Sejarah Korea}}
Baris 154 ⟶ 178:
==== Serangan awal Jepang ====
{{Main|Invasi Jepang ke Korea (1592-1598)}}
[[Berkas:Turtle boat.jpg|jmpl|170px|Sebuah [[Kapal Kura-kura]]. Konon paku-pakunya terbuat dari besi, sebuah sejarah keberadaan atap yang kuat diperdebatkan.<ref name="Hawley 2005, 195f.">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=Samuel |title=The Imjin War. Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China |url=https://archive.org/details/imjinwarjapanssi0000hawl |publisher=The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch |location=Seoul |year=2005 |isbn=89-954424-2-5 |pages=195f. }}</ref><ref name="Turnbull 2002, 244">{{cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |title=Samurai Invasion. Japan’s Korean War 1592–98 |url=https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn |location=London |year=2002 |publisher=Cassell & Co |isbn=0-304-35948-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn/page/244 244] }}</ref><ref name="Roh 2004, 13">{{cite journal |last=Roh |first=Young-koo |title=Yi Sun-shin, an Admiral Who Became a Myth |journal=The Review of Korean Studies |volume=7 |issue=3 |year=2004 |page=13 |doi= |url=http://www.dbpia.co.kr/view/ar_view.asp?arid=1160451 }}</ref>]]
Di sepanjang sejarah Korea, sering terjadi [[perompakan]] di laut dan darat. Satu-satunya tujuan angkatan laut Joseon adalah untuk mengamankan perdagangan maritim terhadap waegu. Angkatan laut menangkis para perompak dengan menggunakan bentuk lanjutan dari teknologi mesiu termasuk meriam dan [[panah api]] di dalam bentuk [[Singijeon]] yang digunakan oleh [[Hwacha]].
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