Akhir Mandat Britania untuk Palestina: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{short description|Conclusion of responsibility for administration}}

Berakhirnya [[Mandat Britania atas Palestina|Mandat Inggris untuk Palestina]] secara resmi ditetapkan melalui RUU Palestina tanggal 29 April 1948.<ref name="Publishing2013">{{cite book|author=Bloomsbury Publishing|title=Whitaker's Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXGuAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT127|date=26 September 2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4729-0380-8|pages=127–}}</ref> Pernyataan publik yang disiapkan oleh [[Kantor_Kolonial#Kantor_Kolonial_Kedua_(1854–1966)|Kantor Kolonial dan Luar Negeri]] menegaskan penghentian tanggung jawab Inggris atas pemerintahan Palestina mulai tengah malam tanggal 14 Mei 1948.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.religion-science-peace.org/2015/06/19/british-government-statement-on-the-end-of-the-palestine-mandate/|title= British Government statement on the end of the Palestine Mandate|last= Fincham|first= David Gerald |date= 19 June 2015|access-date= 23 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineTerminationOfTheMandate15thMay1948|title= Palestine Termination of the Mandate 15th May 1948|publisher = HMSO|date= 15 May 1948|access-date= 23 October 2018}}</ref>

 

Pada bulan Juli 1945, [[Laporan Harrison]] diterbitkan,<ref>Penkower, Monty Noam. "[http://americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/2016_68_01_00_penkower.pdf The Earl Laporan Harrison: Kejadiannya dan Signifikansinya]". [[Pusat Arsip Yahudi Amerika Jacob Rader Marcus|Jurnal Arsip Yahudi Amerika]], 68, no.1 (2016): 1–75</ref>{{efn|group=qt|Penkower, 2016, pages 56–58: "The official British response could be foretold. Truman's 24 July request of Churchill had already set Near East specialist Beeley's teeth on edge, indicating to him that the Zionists had been "deploringly successful in selling the idea" that, even after Allied victory, immigration to Palestine represented for many Jews "their only hope for survival." Wishing to avoid a postwar influx of Jews into Palestine, the Foreign Office's Refugee Department had expressed the fear in March 1944 that British trials of Germans on charges of crimes against humanity committed against Jews would convince survivors not to return to their native countries after the war. Whitehall's expert on refugees, Ian Henderson, was convinced that the Zionists were behind Harrison's recommendations. British military authorities in Germany rejected Harrison's criticism, claiming that Jews were being treated exactly like all other displaced persons... In Bevin's mind, Harrison's report was "not based on real investigation." Bevin told Weizmann that Truman was merely trying to gain votes by his stance; the United States had to take its share of those Jews who must be removed from Europe."}} menggambarkan kondisi [[Kamp pengungsi di pasca Perang Dunia II Eropa|kamp pengungsi di Eropa pasca-Perang Dunia II]].

 

 

[[Liga Bangsa-Bangsa]] pada pertemuan terakhirnya pada tanggal 18 April 1946 setuju untuk melikuidasi dan mentransfer seluruh asetnya ke PBB.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldatwar.net/timeline/other/league18-46.html|title=League of Nations Timeline|website=worldatwar.net}}</ref> Majelis juga mengeluarkan resolusi yang menyetujui dan menyambut baik niat pemerintah Inggris untuk memberikan kemerdekaan kepada Transyordania.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1946v07/d621|title= The British Embassy to the Department of State Aide-Mémoire dated 10th June, 1946 |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=hall>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FU2PAAAAMAAJ&q=termination+mandated+status+Transjordan ''Mandates, dependencies and trusteeship'']. League of Nations resolution, 18 April 1946 quoted in {{cite book | author = Duncan Hall | page = 267 | title = Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship | year = 1948 | quote="The Assembly...Recalls the role of the League in assisting Iraq to progress from its status under an "A" Mandate to a condition of complete independence, welcomes the termination of the mandated status of Syria, the Lebanon, and Transjordan, which have, since the last session of the Assembly, become independent members of the world community."}}</ref>

Pada bulan Juli 1946, sebuah komite yang dibentuk untuk menetapkan bagaimana proposal Anglo-Amerika akan dilaksanakan mengusulkan [[Rencana Morrison – Grady]].

 

"His Majesty's Government have been faced with an irreconcilable conflict of principles. There are in Palestine about 1,200,000 Arabs and 600,000 Jews. For the Jews the essential point of principle is the creation of a sovereign Jewish State. For the Arabs, the essential point of principle is to resist to the last establishment of Jewish sovereignty in any part of Palestine. The discussions of the last month have quite clearly shown that there is no prospect of resolving this conflict by any settlement negotiated between the parties. But if the conflict has to be resolved by an arbitrary decision, that is not a decision which His Majesty's Government are empowered, as Mandatory, to take. His Majesty's Government have of themselves no power, under the terms of the Mandate, to award the country either to the Arabs or to the Jews, or even to partition it between them."}}

 

Peraturan yang mengatur pengalihan tanah dan klausul yang berkaitan dengan imigrasi diterapkan meskipun pada tahun 1944, 24.000 dari 75.000 sertifikat imigrasi masih tersisa untuk digunakan. Batasan imigrasi dilonggarkan untuk memungkinkan imigrasi sebesar 18.000 per tahun sebagai reaksi terhadap situasi pengungsi Yahudi di Eropa.<ref name="un.org">Study (30 Juni 1978): [https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/AEAC80E740C782E4852561150071FDB0 The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem Part I: 1917-1947 - Study (30 June 1978)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129203640/https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/0/AEAC80E740C782E4852561150071FDB0 |date=29 November 2018 }}, accessdate: 10 November 2018</ref>

 

 

Segera setelah resolusi PBB, [[perang saudara tahun 1947–1948 di Mandat Palestina]] pecah antara komunitas Arab dan Yahudi. Pada hari terakhir Mandat, [[Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Israel|pembentukan Negara Israel]] diproklamasikan, dan [[Perang Arab-Israel 1948]] dimulai. Pada bulan Maret 1948, Kabinet Inggris telah menyetujui bahwa otoritas sipil dan militer di Palestina tidak boleh melakukan upaya apa pun untuk menentang pendirian Negara Yahudi atau perpindahan ke Palestina dari Transyordania.<ref>CAB/128/12 sebelumnya C.M.(48 ) 24 kesimpulan 22 Maret 1948</ref>

 

== Tanggapan Zionis ==

 

== Tanggapan Amerika ==

{{reflist}}

 

[[Kategori:1948 di Mandat Palestina|Akhir]]

[[Kategori:Mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa|Palestina]]

[[Kategori: Kerajaan Inggris]]

[[Kategori:Negara-negara bekas di Timur Tengah]]